The Experts below are selected from a list of 5661 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Fan Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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rethinking china s Internet Censorship the practice of recoding and the politics of visibility
New Media & Society, 2016Co-Authors: Fan YangAbstract:This article proposes visibility as a new lens through which to examine the politics of Internet Censorship in China. It focuses on the practice of recoding, that is, the use of code words and images to circulate information that is deemed “sensitive” and therefore removed from the web. While commentators in the West have often described Censorship-evading practices like this as a form of “resistance” against state domination, little academic attention has been paid to how and why recoding holds political and cultural significance. The prism of visibility, by conceptualizing recoding as a cultural response to Censorship, opens up a more critical perspective to comparatively analyze examples drawn from both China and the United States. It therefore invites a careful rethinking of China’s Internet Censorship beyond the framework of the nation-state, by calling attention to the social dimension of meaning making and the negotiation of power in a transnational context.
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Rethinking China’s Internet Censorship: The practice of recoding and the politics of visibility
New Media & Society, 2014Co-Authors: Fan YangAbstract:This article proposes visibility as a new lens through which to examine the politics of Internet Censorship in China. It focuses on the practice of recoding, that is, the use of code words and images to circulate information that is deemed “sensitive” and therefore removed from the web. While commentators in the West have often described Censorship-evading practices like this as a form of “resistance” against state domination, little academic attention has been paid to how and why recoding holds political and cultural significance. The prism of visibility, by conceptualizing recoding as a cultural response to Censorship, opens up a more critical perspective to comparatively analyze examples drawn from both China and the United States. It therefore invites a careful rethinking of China’s Internet Censorship beyond the framework of the nation-state, by calling attention to the social dimension of meaning making and the negotiation of power in a transnational context.
Tadayoshi Kohno - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Internet Censorship in Thailand: User Practices and Potential Threats
2017 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy (EuroS&P), 2017Co-Authors: Genevieve Gebhart, Tadayoshi KohnoAbstract:The "cat-and-mouse" game of Internet Censorship and circumvention cannot be won by capable technology alone. Instead, that technology must be available, comprehensible, and trustworthy to users. However, the field largely focuses only on censors and the technical means to circumvent them. Thailand, with its superlatives in Internet use and government information controls, offers a rich case study for exploring users' assessments of and interactions with Censorship. We survey 229 and interview 13 Internet users in Thailand, and report on their current practices, experienced and perceived threats, and unresolved problems regarding Censorship and digital security. Our findings indicate that existing circumvention tools were adequate for respondents to access blocked information, that respondents relied to some extent on risky tool selection and inaccurate assessment of blocked content, and that attempts to take action with sensitive content on social media led to the most concrete threats with the least available technical defenses. Based on these findings and in direct response to these problems, we make recommendations for shifting objectives in anti-Censorship work, as well as for technical directions and future research to address users' on-the-ground needs.
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EuroS&P - Internet Censorship in Thailand: User Practices and Potential Threats
2017 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy (EuroS&P), 2017Co-Authors: Genevieve Gebhart, Tadayoshi KohnoAbstract:The "cat-and-mouse" game of Internet Censorship and circumvention cannot be won by capable technology alone. Instead, that technology must be available, comprehensible, and trustworthy to users. However, the field largely focuses only on censors and the technical means to circumvent them. Thailand, with its superlatives in Internet use and government information controls, offers a rich case study for exploring users' assessments of and interactions with Censorship. We survey 229 and interview 13 Internet users in Thailand, and report on their current practices, experienced and perceived threats, and unresolved problems regarding Censorship and digital security. Our findings indicate that existing circumvention tools were adequate for respondents to access blocked information, that respondents relied to some extent on risky tool selection and inaccurate assessment of blocked content, and that attempts to take action with sensitive content on social media led to the most concrete threats with the least available technical defenses. Based on these findings and in direct response to these problems, we make recommendations for shifting objectives in anti-Censorship work, as well as for technical directions and future research to address users' on-the-ground needs.
Genevieve Gebhart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Internet Censorship in Thailand: User Practices and Potential Threats
2017 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy (EuroS&P), 2017Co-Authors: Genevieve Gebhart, Tadayoshi KohnoAbstract:The "cat-and-mouse" game of Internet Censorship and circumvention cannot be won by capable technology alone. Instead, that technology must be available, comprehensible, and trustworthy to users. However, the field largely focuses only on censors and the technical means to circumvent them. Thailand, with its superlatives in Internet use and government information controls, offers a rich case study for exploring users' assessments of and interactions with Censorship. We survey 229 and interview 13 Internet users in Thailand, and report on their current practices, experienced and perceived threats, and unresolved problems regarding Censorship and digital security. Our findings indicate that existing circumvention tools were adequate for respondents to access blocked information, that respondents relied to some extent on risky tool selection and inaccurate assessment of blocked content, and that attempts to take action with sensitive content on social media led to the most concrete threats with the least available technical defenses. Based on these findings and in direct response to these problems, we make recommendations for shifting objectives in anti-Censorship work, as well as for technical directions and future research to address users' on-the-ground needs.
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EuroS&P - Internet Censorship in Thailand: User Practices and Potential Threats
2017 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy (EuroS&P), 2017Co-Authors: Genevieve Gebhart, Tadayoshi KohnoAbstract:The "cat-and-mouse" game of Internet Censorship and circumvention cannot be won by capable technology alone. Instead, that technology must be available, comprehensible, and trustworthy to users. However, the field largely focuses only on censors and the technical means to circumvent them. Thailand, with its superlatives in Internet use and government information controls, offers a rich case study for exploring users' assessments of and interactions with Censorship. We survey 229 and interview 13 Internet users in Thailand, and report on their current practices, experienced and perceived threats, and unresolved problems regarding Censorship and digital security. Our findings indicate that existing circumvention tools were adequate for respondents to access blocked information, that respondents relied to some extent on risky tool selection and inaccurate assessment of blocked content, and that attempts to take action with sensitive content on social media led to the most concrete threats with the least available technical defenses. Based on these findings and in direct response to these problems, we make recommendations for shifting objectives in anti-Censorship work, as well as for technical directions and future research to address users' on-the-ground needs.
Giuseppe Aceto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Internet Censorship in italy an analysis of 3g 4g networks
International Conference on Communications, 2017Co-Authors: Giuseppe Aceto, Antonio Montieri, Antonio PescapèAbstract:Users trying to access censored content may experience different results, depending on the technique adopted to enforce Internet Censorship, that in turn depends on different factors. Administrative control of the network (i.e. the entity managing network devices) is one of such factors. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to focus on Censorship detection on 3G/4G (hereafter mobile) network operators, investigating the extent of differences in applying Censorship inside a single country. To do so we performed an experimental campaign in Italy using the five major mobile operators. We introduce the Censorship detection platform and tests we adopted, and aggregate the results according to the outcome of the tests in classes, related with censoring techniques and circumvention capabilities. Overall 15 different aggregated behaviors have been found in the experimental campaign. The analysis of measurement results reveals wide dis-homogeneity of treatment for a given censored resource across different mobile operators, with 99.5% of resources showing at least two different behaviors when probed. The discussion of reported results informs about the unexpected variability on transparency and precision of Censorship, and also on effective detection and circumvention strategies, as measured from mobile networks in a single country.
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ICC - Internet Censorship in Italy: An analysis of 3G/4G networks
2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2017Co-Authors: Giuseppe Aceto, Antonio Montieri, Antonio PescapèAbstract:Users trying to access censored content may experience different results, depending on the technique adopted to enforce Internet Censorship, that in turn depends on different factors. Administrative control of the network (i.e. the entity managing network devices) is one of such factors. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to focus on Censorship detection on 3G/4G (hereafter mobile) network operators, investigating the extent of differences in applying Censorship inside a single country. To do so we performed an experimental campaign in Italy using the five major mobile operators. We introduce the Censorship detection platform and tests we adopted, and aggregate the results according to the outcome of the tests in classes, related with censoring techniques and circumvention capabilities. Overall 15 different aggregated behaviors have been found in the experimental campaign. The analysis of measurement results reveals wide dis-homogeneity of treatment for a given censored resource across different mobile operators, with 99.5% of resources showing at least two different behaviors when probed. The discussion of reported results informs about the unexpected variability on transparency and precision of Censorship, and also on effective detection and circumvention strategies, as measured from mobile networks in a single country.
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Internet Censorship in italy a first look at 3g 4g networks
Cryptology and Network Security, 2016Co-Authors: Giuseppe Aceto, Antonio Montieri, Antonio PescapèAbstract:The techniques used to enforce Internet Censorship vary, and as a consequence the users can experience different results while accessing the same censored content in different contexts. While the corpus of Internet Censorship studies is growing, to the best of our knowledge we are the first to focus on Censorship detection on 3G/4G (hereafter mobile) network operators. After an introduction on the Censorship detection platform and tests we adopted, we report the preliminary results of an experimental campaign we performed in Italy using the five major mobile operators. Our analysis shows that there is no homogeneity of treatment for a censored resource across different mobile operators, with 99.5 % of resources showing at least two different treatments, and the pairs of operators differing in the treatment of 32.5 % up to 99.5 % of censored resources. These results have significance regarding the transparency and precision of Censorship, and the possibilities for circumvention and detection strategies.
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CANS - Internet Censorship in Italy: A First Look at 3G/4G Networks
Cryptology and Network Security, 2016Co-Authors: Giuseppe Aceto, Antonio Montieri, Antonio PescapèAbstract:The techniques used to enforce Internet Censorship vary, and as a consequence the users can experience different results while accessing the same censored content in different contexts. While the corpus of Internet Censorship studies is growing, to the best of our knowledge we are the first to focus on Censorship detection on 3G/4G (hereafter mobile) network operators. After an introduction on the Censorship detection platform and tests we adopted, we report the preliminary results of an experimental campaign we performed in Italy using the five major mobile operators. Our analysis shows that there is no homogeneity of treatment for a censored resource across different mobile operators, with 99.5 % of resources showing at least two different treatments, and the pairs of operators differing in the treatment of 32.5 % up to 99.5 % of censored resources. These results have significance regarding the transparency and precision of Censorship, and the possibilities for circumvention and detection strategies.
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analyzing Internet Censorship in pakistan
IEEE International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry Leveraging a better tomorrow, 2016Co-Authors: Giuseppe Aceto, Alessio Botta, Antonio Pescapè, Tahir Ahmad, Faheem M Awan, Saad QaisarAbstract:Internet Censorship is unceasingly increasing in many countries worldwide in order to restrict web contents within the country premises. According to latest Open Net Initiative (ONI) report, almost 50 countries are involved in web Censorship, including Pakistan. This paper presents the methodology and the measurement analysis based on publicly available censored URLs in Pakistan, providing both qualitative and quantitative results to gauge how major ISPs are censoring web content in Pakistan. This is the first study in literature analyzing and comparing the behaviour of five ISPs in Pakistan using automated detection methods based on active probing measurements. Our results show that (i) WiTribe, PTCL, and Nayatel block content by using DNS tampering while (ii) Wateen and Qubee apply filtering, using HTTP tampering. We comment on these results by considering the evolution over time of the forced Censorship mechanisms. Finally, we performed a University closed survey in order to find out circumvention techniques adopted by users in Pakistan and we report that Pakistani users try to evade Censorship by using web proxies, Tor and VPN.
Antonio Pescapè - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Internet Censorship in italy an analysis of 3g 4g networks
International Conference on Communications, 2017Co-Authors: Giuseppe Aceto, Antonio Montieri, Antonio PescapèAbstract:Users trying to access censored content may experience different results, depending on the technique adopted to enforce Internet Censorship, that in turn depends on different factors. Administrative control of the network (i.e. the entity managing network devices) is one of such factors. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to focus on Censorship detection on 3G/4G (hereafter mobile) network operators, investigating the extent of differences in applying Censorship inside a single country. To do so we performed an experimental campaign in Italy using the five major mobile operators. We introduce the Censorship detection platform and tests we adopted, and aggregate the results according to the outcome of the tests in classes, related with censoring techniques and circumvention capabilities. Overall 15 different aggregated behaviors have been found in the experimental campaign. The analysis of measurement results reveals wide dis-homogeneity of treatment for a given censored resource across different mobile operators, with 99.5% of resources showing at least two different behaviors when probed. The discussion of reported results informs about the unexpected variability on transparency and precision of Censorship, and also on effective detection and circumvention strategies, as measured from mobile networks in a single country.
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ICC - Internet Censorship in Italy: An analysis of 3G/4G networks
2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2017Co-Authors: Giuseppe Aceto, Antonio Montieri, Antonio PescapèAbstract:Users trying to access censored content may experience different results, depending on the technique adopted to enforce Internet Censorship, that in turn depends on different factors. Administrative control of the network (i.e. the entity managing network devices) is one of such factors. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to focus on Censorship detection on 3G/4G (hereafter mobile) network operators, investigating the extent of differences in applying Censorship inside a single country. To do so we performed an experimental campaign in Italy using the five major mobile operators. We introduce the Censorship detection platform and tests we adopted, and aggregate the results according to the outcome of the tests in classes, related with censoring techniques and circumvention capabilities. Overall 15 different aggregated behaviors have been found in the experimental campaign. The analysis of measurement results reveals wide dis-homogeneity of treatment for a given censored resource across different mobile operators, with 99.5% of resources showing at least two different behaviors when probed. The discussion of reported results informs about the unexpected variability on transparency and precision of Censorship, and also on effective detection and circumvention strategies, as measured from mobile networks in a single country.
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Internet Censorship in italy a first look at 3g 4g networks
Cryptology and Network Security, 2016Co-Authors: Giuseppe Aceto, Antonio Montieri, Antonio PescapèAbstract:The techniques used to enforce Internet Censorship vary, and as a consequence the users can experience different results while accessing the same censored content in different contexts. While the corpus of Internet Censorship studies is growing, to the best of our knowledge we are the first to focus on Censorship detection on 3G/4G (hereafter mobile) network operators. After an introduction on the Censorship detection platform and tests we adopted, we report the preliminary results of an experimental campaign we performed in Italy using the five major mobile operators. Our analysis shows that there is no homogeneity of treatment for a censored resource across different mobile operators, with 99.5 % of resources showing at least two different treatments, and the pairs of operators differing in the treatment of 32.5 % up to 99.5 % of censored resources. These results have significance regarding the transparency and precision of Censorship, and the possibilities for circumvention and detection strategies.
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CANS - Internet Censorship in Italy: A First Look at 3G/4G Networks
Cryptology and Network Security, 2016Co-Authors: Giuseppe Aceto, Antonio Montieri, Antonio PescapèAbstract:The techniques used to enforce Internet Censorship vary, and as a consequence the users can experience different results while accessing the same censored content in different contexts. While the corpus of Internet Censorship studies is growing, to the best of our knowledge we are the first to focus on Censorship detection on 3G/4G (hereafter mobile) network operators. After an introduction on the Censorship detection platform and tests we adopted, we report the preliminary results of an experimental campaign we performed in Italy using the five major mobile operators. Our analysis shows that there is no homogeneity of treatment for a censored resource across different mobile operators, with 99.5 % of resources showing at least two different treatments, and the pairs of operators differing in the treatment of 32.5 % up to 99.5 % of censored resources. These results have significance regarding the transparency and precision of Censorship, and the possibilities for circumvention and detection strategies.
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analyzing Internet Censorship in pakistan
IEEE International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry Leveraging a better tomorrow, 2016Co-Authors: Giuseppe Aceto, Alessio Botta, Antonio Pescapè, Tahir Ahmad, Faheem M Awan, Saad QaisarAbstract:Internet Censorship is unceasingly increasing in many countries worldwide in order to restrict web contents within the country premises. According to latest Open Net Initiative (ONI) report, almost 50 countries are involved in web Censorship, including Pakistan. This paper presents the methodology and the measurement analysis based on publicly available censored URLs in Pakistan, providing both qualitative and quantitative results to gauge how major ISPs are censoring web content in Pakistan. This is the first study in literature analyzing and comparing the behaviour of five ISPs in Pakistan using automated detection methods based on active probing measurements. Our results show that (i) WiTribe, PTCL, and Nayatel block content by using DNS tampering while (ii) Wateen and Qubee apply filtering, using HTTP tampering. We comment on these results by considering the evolution over time of the forced Censorship mechanisms. Finally, we performed a University closed survey in order to find out circumvention techniques adopted by users in Pakistan and we report that Pakistani users try to evade Censorship by using web proxies, Tor and VPN.