The Experts below are selected from a list of 6636 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Michael D Weiser - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the size grain hypothesis and interspecific scaling in ants
Functional Ecology, 1999Co-Authors: Michael Kaspari, Michael D WeiserAbstract:1. The size–grain hypothesis maintains that as terrestrial walking organisms decrease in size, their Environment becomes less planar and more rugose. The benefits of long legs (efficient, speedy movement over a planar Environment) may thus decrease with smaller body size, while the costs (larger cross-sectional area limiting access to the Interstitial Environment) are enhanced. 2. A prediction from this hypothesis – that leg size should increase proportionately with body mass – is examined. Ants are among the smallest walking animals and extend the size gradient five orders of magnitude beyond the traditional ‘mouse to elephant’ curve. The mass of 135 species of worker ants spans 3·7 orders of magnitude (0·008–53 mg). Larger ants tended to be slimmer and longer legged. Ant subfamilies varied in their scaling relationships, but four out of five showed a positive allometry for hind leg length (b > 0·33). Mammals, in contrast, show isometry for leg length over six orders of magnitude. 3. It is suggested that ants make a transition from living in an Interstitial Environment when small to a planar Environment when large, a habit continued by most terrestrial mammals. Head length and pronotum width are robust estimators of mass in ants.
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The size–grain hypothesis and interspecific scaling in ants
Functional Ecology, 1999Co-Authors: Michael Kaspari, Michael D WeiserAbstract:1. The size–grain hypothesis maintains that as terrestrial walking organisms decrease in size, their Environment becomes less planar and more rugose. The benefits of long legs (efficient, speedy movement over a planar Environment) may thus decrease with smaller body size, while the costs (larger cross-sectional area limiting access to the Interstitial Environment) are enhanced. 2. A prediction from this hypothesis – that leg size should increase proportionately with body mass – is examined. Ants are among the smallest walking animals and extend the size gradient five orders of magnitude beyond the traditional ‘mouse to elephant’ curve. The mass of 135 species of worker ants spans 3·7 orders of magnitude (0·008–53 mg). Larger ants tended to be slimmer and longer legged. Ant subfamilies varied in their scaling relationships, but four out of five showed a positive allometry for hind leg length (b > 0·33). Mammals, in contrast, show isometry for leg length over six orders of magnitude. 3. It is suggested that ants make a transition from living in an Interstitial Environment when small to a planar Environment when large, a habit continued by most terrestrial mammals. Head length and pronotum width are robust estimators of mass in ants.
Michael Kaspari - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the size grain hypothesis and interspecific scaling in ants
Functional Ecology, 1999Co-Authors: Michael Kaspari, Michael D WeiserAbstract:1. The size–grain hypothesis maintains that as terrestrial walking organisms decrease in size, their Environment becomes less planar and more rugose. The benefits of long legs (efficient, speedy movement over a planar Environment) may thus decrease with smaller body size, while the costs (larger cross-sectional area limiting access to the Interstitial Environment) are enhanced. 2. A prediction from this hypothesis – that leg size should increase proportionately with body mass – is examined. Ants are among the smallest walking animals and extend the size gradient five orders of magnitude beyond the traditional ‘mouse to elephant’ curve. The mass of 135 species of worker ants spans 3·7 orders of magnitude (0·008–53 mg). Larger ants tended to be slimmer and longer legged. Ant subfamilies varied in their scaling relationships, but four out of five showed a positive allometry for hind leg length (b > 0·33). Mammals, in contrast, show isometry for leg length over six orders of magnitude. 3. It is suggested that ants make a transition from living in an Interstitial Environment when small to a planar Environment when large, a habit continued by most terrestrial mammals. Head length and pronotum width are robust estimators of mass in ants.
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The size–grain hypothesis and interspecific scaling in ants
Functional Ecology, 1999Co-Authors: Michael Kaspari, Michael D WeiserAbstract:1. The size–grain hypothesis maintains that as terrestrial walking organisms decrease in size, their Environment becomes less planar and more rugose. The benefits of long legs (efficient, speedy movement over a planar Environment) may thus decrease with smaller body size, while the costs (larger cross-sectional area limiting access to the Interstitial Environment) are enhanced. 2. A prediction from this hypothesis – that leg size should increase proportionately with body mass – is examined. Ants are among the smallest walking animals and extend the size gradient five orders of magnitude beyond the traditional ‘mouse to elephant’ curve. The mass of 135 species of worker ants spans 3·7 orders of magnitude (0·008–53 mg). Larger ants tended to be slimmer and longer legged. Ant subfamilies varied in their scaling relationships, but four out of five showed a positive allometry for hind leg length (b > 0·33). Mammals, in contrast, show isometry for leg length over six orders of magnitude. 3. It is suggested that ants make a transition from living in an Interstitial Environment when small to a planar Environment when large, a habit continued by most terrestrial mammals. Head length and pronotum width are robust estimators of mass in ants.
Giuliano Mazzini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fibrillogenesis of human β2 -microglobulin in three-dimensional silicon microstructures.
Journal of Biophotonics, 2012Co-Authors: Sabina Merlo, Francesca Carpignano, Salvatore Surdo, Sofia Giorgetti, Daniela Nichino, Annalisa Relini, Lucanos Marsilio Strambini, Giuseppe Barillaro, G Silva, Giuliano MazziniAbstract:The authors describe the interaction of biological nanostructures formed by β2-microglobulin amyloid fibrils with three-dimensional silicon microstructures consisting in periodic arrays of vertical silicon walls (≈3 μm-thick) separated by 50 μm-deep air gaps (≈5 μm-wide). These structures are of great interest from a biological point of view since they well mimic the Interstitial Environment typical of amyloid deposition in vivo. Moreover, they behave as hybrid photonic crystals, potentially applicable as optical transducers for label-free detection of the kinetics of amyloid fibrils formation. Fluorescence and atomic force microscopy (AFM) show that a uniform distribution of amyloid fibrils is achieved when fibrillogenesis occurs directly on silicon. The high resolution AFM images also demonstrate that amyloid fibrils grown on silicon are characterized by the same fine structure typically ensured by fibrillogenesis in solution. (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
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Fibrillogenesis of human β2 -microglobulin in three-dimensional silicon microstructures.
Journal of biophotonics, 2012Co-Authors: Sabina Merlo, Francesca Carpignano, Salvatore Surdo, Sofia Giorgetti, Daniela Nichino, Annalisa Relini, Lucanos Marsilio Strambini, Giuseppe Barillaro, G Silva, Giuliano MazziniAbstract:The authors describe the interaction of biological nanostructures formed by β(2) -microglobulin amyloid fibrils with three-dimensional silicon microstructures consisting in periodic arrays of vertical silicon walls (≈3 μm-thick) separated by 50 μm-deep air gaps (≈5 μm-wide). These structures are of great interest from a biological point of view since they well mimic the Interstitial Environment typical of amyloid deposition in vivo. Moreover, they behave as hybrid photonic crystals, potentially applicable as optical transducers for label-free detection of the kinetics of amyloid fibrils formation. Fluorescence and atomic force microscopy (AFM) show that a uniform distribution of amyloid fibrils is achieved when fibrillogenesis occurs directly on silicon. The high resolution AFM images also demonstrate that amyloid fibrils grown on silicon are characterized by the same fine structure typically ensured by fibrillogenesis in solution.
Amanda W. Lund - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Non-hematopoietic Control of Peripheral Tissue T Cell Responses: Implications for Solid Tumors.
Frontiers in immunology, 2018Co-Authors: Ryan S. Lane, Amanda W. LundAbstract:In response to pathological challenge, the host generates rapid, protective adaptive immune responses while simultaneously maintaining tolerance to self and limiting immune pathology. Peripheral tissues (e.g., skin, gut, lung) are simultaneously the first site of pathogen-encounter and also the location of effector function, and mounting evidence indicates that tissues act as scaffolds to facilitate initiation, maintenance, and resolution of local responses. Just as both effector and memory T cells must adapt to their new Interstitial Environment upon infiltration, tissues are also remodeled in the context of acute inflammation and disease. In this review, we present the biochemical and biophysical mechanisms by which non-hematopoietic stromal cells and extracellular matrix molecules collaborate to regulate T cell behavior in peripheral tissue. Finally, we discuss how tissue remodeling in the context of tumor microEnvironments impairs T cell accumulation and function contributing to immune escape and tumor progression.
Sabina Merlo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fibrillogenesis of human β2 -microglobulin in three-dimensional silicon microstructures.
Journal of Biophotonics, 2012Co-Authors: Sabina Merlo, Francesca Carpignano, Salvatore Surdo, Sofia Giorgetti, Daniela Nichino, Annalisa Relini, Lucanos Marsilio Strambini, Giuseppe Barillaro, G Silva, Giuliano MazziniAbstract:The authors describe the interaction of biological nanostructures formed by β2-microglobulin amyloid fibrils with three-dimensional silicon microstructures consisting in periodic arrays of vertical silicon walls (≈3 μm-thick) separated by 50 μm-deep air gaps (≈5 μm-wide). These structures are of great interest from a biological point of view since they well mimic the Interstitial Environment typical of amyloid deposition in vivo. Moreover, they behave as hybrid photonic crystals, potentially applicable as optical transducers for label-free detection of the kinetics of amyloid fibrils formation. Fluorescence and atomic force microscopy (AFM) show that a uniform distribution of amyloid fibrils is achieved when fibrillogenesis occurs directly on silicon. The high resolution AFM images also demonstrate that amyloid fibrils grown on silicon are characterized by the same fine structure typically ensured by fibrillogenesis in solution. (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
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Fibrillogenesis of human β2 -microglobulin in three-dimensional silicon microstructures.
Journal of biophotonics, 2012Co-Authors: Sabina Merlo, Francesca Carpignano, Salvatore Surdo, Sofia Giorgetti, Daniela Nichino, Annalisa Relini, Lucanos Marsilio Strambini, Giuseppe Barillaro, G Silva, Giuliano MazziniAbstract:The authors describe the interaction of biological nanostructures formed by β(2) -microglobulin amyloid fibrils with three-dimensional silicon microstructures consisting in periodic arrays of vertical silicon walls (≈3 μm-thick) separated by 50 μm-deep air gaps (≈5 μm-wide). These structures are of great interest from a biological point of view since they well mimic the Interstitial Environment typical of amyloid deposition in vivo. Moreover, they behave as hybrid photonic crystals, potentially applicable as optical transducers for label-free detection of the kinetics of amyloid fibrils formation. Fluorescence and atomic force microscopy (AFM) show that a uniform distribution of amyloid fibrils is achieved when fibrillogenesis occurs directly on silicon. The high resolution AFM images also demonstrate that amyloid fibrils grown on silicon are characterized by the same fine structure typically ensured by fibrillogenesis in solution.
