The Experts below are selected from a list of 20376 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Michael E Lamb - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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is Interviewer support associated with the reduced reluctance and enhanced informativeness of alleged child abuse victims
Law and Human Behavior, 2019Co-Authors: Uri Blasbalg, Irit Hershkowitz, Michael E Lamb, Yael Karnivisel, Elizabeth C AhernAbstract:Child maltreatment victims are often reluctant to report abuse when formally Interviewed. Evidence-based guidelines like the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Standard Investigative Interview Protocol do not adequately address such reluctance because they are focused on cognitive rather than socioemotional strategies. The present study was designed to determine whether the Revised National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Protocol, which emphasizes supportive Interviewing more than the standard Protocol does, might predict increases in the overall informativeness and reductions in the reluctance of alleged victims. A total of 254 Interviews, 166 using the revised Protocol and 88 using the standard Protocol, were conducted with 4.06- to 13.98-year-old children (M = 9.20, SD = 2.49) who disclosed multiple incidents of physical abuse by their parents and were thus expected to be more reluctant than victims of extrafamilial abuse. We coded indices of Interviewer support and question types, children's reluctance, and informativeness in each utterance during the substantive phases of the Interviews. The Revised Protocol was associated with better Interviewer support and questioning as well as reduced reluctance and increased informativeness on the part of the children. These findings document the value of training Interviewers to attend to the socioemotional needs of suspected abuse victims during investigative Interviews. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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the nichd investigative Interview Protocol an analogue study
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 2013Co-Authors: Deirdre A Brown, Yael Orbach, Michael E Lamb, Charlie Lewis, Margaretellen Pipe, Missy WolfmanAbstract:One hundred twenty-eight 5- to 7-year-old children were Interviewed using the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Investigative Interview Protocol about an event staged 4 to 6 weeks earlier. Children were prepared for talking about the investigated event using either an invitational or directive style of prompting, with or without additional practice describing experienced events. The open invitation prompts (including those using children’s words to encourage further reporting) elicited more detailed responses than the more focused directive prompts without reducing accuracy. Children were most responsive when they had received preparation that included practice describing experienced events in response to invitation prompts. Overall, children were highly accurate regardless of prompt type. Errors mostly related to peripheral rather than central information and were more likely to be elicited by directive or yes/no questions than by invitations. Children who provided accounts when asked about a false event were less accurate when describing the true event. Children who received preparation that included practice recalling a recent event in response to directive and yes/no questions were least accurate when questioned about the false event first. The data provide the first direct evaluation of the accuracy of information elicited using different prompt types in the course of NICHD Protocol Interviews, and underscore the importance of how children are prepared for subsequent reporting.
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expected consequences of disclosure revealed in investigative Interviews with suspected victims of child sexual abuse
Applied Developmental Science, 2011Co-Authors: Lindsay C Malloy, Sonja P Brubacher, Michael E LambAbstract:The current study explored the expected consequences of disclosure discussed by 204 5- to 13-year-old suspected victims of child sexual abuse during the course of investigative Interviews conducted using the NICHD Investigative Interview Protocol. Expected consequences were mentioned in nearly half of all Interviews, with older children and those alleging multiple incidents more likely to do so. Most consequences were mentioned spontaneously by children and most consequences were expected to befall the children themselves. The most common consequences were physical harm and feeling negative emotions for the child and jail/legal consequences for the suspect. Expecting consequences for the child or another family member were associated with delaying disclosure, but expecting consequences for the suspect was not related to delay. Results provide insight into developmental and socio-motivational influences on children's disclosure of negative events and are of considerable practical interest to legal and clin...
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assessing the effectiveness of the nichd investigative Interview Protocol when Interviewing french speaking alleged victims of child sexual abuse in quebec
Child Abuse & Neglect, 2009Co-Authors: Michael E LambAbstract:Abstract Objectives The study was designed to assess the effectiveness of the flexibly structured NICHD Investigative Interview Protocol for child sexual abuse (CSA) investigative Interviews by police officers and mental health workers in Quebec. The NICHD Protocol was designed to operationalize “best practice” guidelines and to help forensic Interviewers use open-ended prompts to facilitate free recall by alleged victims. Method A total of 83 Interviews with 3- to 13-year-old alleged victims were matched with 83 Interviews conducted by the same Interviewers before they were trained to use the Protocol. Interviews were matched with respect to the children's ages, children–perpetrator relationships, and the types and frequency of abuse. Coders categorized each of the prompts used to elicit information about the abuse and tabulated the numbers of new forensically relevant details provided in each response. Results Interviewers used three times as many open-ended prompts in Protocol Interviews than in non-Protocol Interviews, whereas use of all other types of questions was halved, and the total number of questions asked decreased by 25%. Protocol-guided Interviews yielded more details than comparison Interviews. The mean number of details per prompt increased from 3 to 5 details when the Protocol was used. Even with young children, Interviewers using the Protocol employed more invitations to elicit forensically relevant details. Conclusions French-speaking investigators using the NICHD Protocol used open-ended prompts rather than focused questions when Interviewing alleged victims. In addition, these Interviewers needed fewer questions to get relevant information when using the Protocol. Practical implications A French version of the NICHD Protocol is now available to police officers and social workers who investigate the alleged sexual abuse of young children in French-speaking countries. This French version allowed trained Interviewers to increase the use of invitations and reduce the use of more focused and risky questions. When the number of questions was controlled, more central details and more details in total were obtained in Protocol Interviews, because the average prompt elicited more detailed answers in Protocol Interviews. However, learning to use the NICHD Protocol required extended training and continued feedback sessions to maintain the high quality of Interviewing.
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use of a structured investigative Protocol enhances the quality of investigative Interviews with alleged victims of child sexual abuse in britain
Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2009Co-Authors: Michael E Lamb, Yael Orbach, Kathleen J Sternberg, Phillip W Esplin, Jan Aldridge, Sally Pearson, Heather Stewart, Lynn BowlerAbstract:One hundred alleged victims of child sexual abuse (aged 4–13; M = 9.3 years) were Interviewed by police investigators about their alleged experiences. Half of the children were Interviewed using the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) structured Interview Protocol, whereas the other children, matched with respect to their age, relationship with the alleged perpetrator, and seriousness of the alleged offenses, were Interviewed by investigators following the Memorandum of Good Practice. Protocol-guided Interviews elicited more information using free-recall invitations and less information using directive, option-posing and suggestive questions than did standard Memorandum Interviews. There were no age differences in the proportion of total information provided in response to open-ended invitations in either condition, but there was a significant increase with age in the proportion of central information provided in response to open-ended invitations. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mark P Sharfman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the relationship between procedural rationality and political behavior in strategic decision making
Decision Sciences, 1993Co-Authors: James W. Dean, Mark P SharfmanAbstract:Despite the central place of rationality and political behavior in the decision-making literature, we know little about the relationship between these two dimensions. Can decisions be made using both rational and political methods, or must managers use one approach or the other? These questions were addressed in a study of 61 strategic decisions in 24 companies using a multiple-informant, structured Interview Protocol. Results indicate that procedural rationality and political behavior are independent dimensions of the strategic decision-making process. The implications of our findings for future strategic decision-making research are discussed.
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PROCEDURAL RATIONALITY IN THE STRATEGIC DECISION-MAKING PROCESS*
Journal of Management Studies, 1993Co-Authors: James W. Dean, Mark P SharfmanAbstract:Despite the central place of rationality in the organization theory, strategic management, and decision-making literatures, we know relatively little about why some strategic decision-making procedures are more rational than others. This question was addressed in a study of 57 strategic decisions in 24 companies, using a multiple-informant, structured Interview Protocol. Results indicate that environmental competitive threat, perceived external control of the organization, and the uncertainty of the strategic issues being addressed are related to procedural rationality. Surprisingly, some of these relationships were in the opposite direction from our predictions. These results are interpreted within a framework that emphasizes the link between procedural rationality and managerial discretion.
Dvora Horowitz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a structured forensic Interview Protocol improves the quality and informativeness of investigative Interviews with children a review of research using the nichd investigative Interview Protocol
Child Abuse & Neglect, 2007Co-Authors: Michael E Lamb, Yael Orbach, Irit Hershkowitz, Phillip W Esplin, Dvora HorowitzAbstract:Abstract Objective To show how the results of research on children's memory, communicative skills, social knowledge, and social tendencies can be translated into guidelines that improve the quality of forensic Interviews of children. Method We review studies designed to evaluate children's capacities as witnesses, explain the development of the structured NICHD Investigative Interview Protocol, and discuss studies designed to assess whether use of the Protocol enhances the quality of investigative Interviews. Results Controlled studies have repeatedly shown that the quality of Interviewing reliably and dramatically improves when Interviewers employ the NICHD Protocol. No other technique has been proven to be similarly effective. Conclusions Use of the structured NICHD Protocol improves the quality of information obtained from alleged victims by investigators, thereby increasing the likelihood that interventions will be appropriate.
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assessing the value of structured Protocols for forensic Interviews of alleged child abuse victims
Child Abuse & Neglect, 2000Co-Authors: Yael Orbach, Irit Hershkowitz, Michael E Lamb, Kathleen J Sternberg, Phillip W Esplin, Dvora HorowitzAbstract:Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a structured Interview Protocol (NICHD Investigative Interview Protocol) operationalizing universally recommended guidelines for forensic Interviews. Method: The NICHD Investigative Protocol was designed to maximize the amount of information obtained using recall memory probes, which are likely to elicit more accurate information than recognition memory probes. Forensic investigators were trained to use the NICHD Protocol while conducting feedback-monitored simulation Interviews. The utility of the Protocol was then evaluated by comparing 55 Protocol Interviews with 50 prior Interviews by the same investigators, matched with respect to characertistics likely to affect the richness of the children’s accounts. The comparison was based on an analysis of the investigators’ utterance types, distribution, and timing, as well as quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the information produced. Results: As predicted, Protocol Interviews contained more open-ended prompts overall as well as before the first option-posing utterance than non-Protocol Interviews did. More details were obtained using open-ended invitations and fewer were obtained using focused questions in Protocol Interviews than in non-Protocol Interviews, although the total number of details elicited did not differ significantly. In both conditions, older children provided more details than younger children did. Conclusion: The findings confirmed that implementation of professionally recommended practices affected the behavior of Interviewers in both the pre-substantive and substantive phases of their Interviews and enhanced the quality (i.e., likely accuracy) of information elicited from alleged victims.
James W. Dean - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the relationship between procedural rationality and political behavior in strategic decision making
Decision Sciences, 1993Co-Authors: James W. Dean, Mark P SharfmanAbstract:Despite the central place of rationality and political behavior in the decision-making literature, we know little about the relationship between these two dimensions. Can decisions be made using both rational and political methods, or must managers use one approach or the other? These questions were addressed in a study of 61 strategic decisions in 24 companies using a multiple-informant, structured Interview Protocol. Results indicate that procedural rationality and political behavior are independent dimensions of the strategic decision-making process. The implications of our findings for future strategic decision-making research are discussed.
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PROCEDURAL RATIONALITY IN THE STRATEGIC DECISION-MAKING PROCESS*
Journal of Management Studies, 1993Co-Authors: James W. Dean, Mark P SharfmanAbstract:Despite the central place of rationality in the organization theory, strategic management, and decision-making literatures, we know relatively little about why some strategic decision-making procedures are more rational than others. This question was addressed in a study of 57 strategic decisions in 24 companies, using a multiple-informant, structured Interview Protocol. Results indicate that environmental competitive threat, perceived external control of the organization, and the uncertainty of the strategic issues being addressed are related to procedural rationality. Surprisingly, some of these relationships were in the opposite direction from our predictions. These results are interpreted within a framework that emphasizes the link between procedural rationality and managerial discretion.
Yael Orbach - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the nichd investigative Interview Protocol an analogue study
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 2013Co-Authors: Deirdre A Brown, Yael Orbach, Michael E Lamb, Charlie Lewis, Margaretellen Pipe, Missy WolfmanAbstract:One hundred twenty-eight 5- to 7-year-old children were Interviewed using the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Investigative Interview Protocol about an event staged 4 to 6 weeks earlier. Children were prepared for talking about the investigated event using either an invitational or directive style of prompting, with or without additional practice describing experienced events. The open invitation prompts (including those using children’s words to encourage further reporting) elicited more detailed responses than the more focused directive prompts without reducing accuracy. Children were most responsive when they had received preparation that included practice describing experienced events in response to invitation prompts. Overall, children were highly accurate regardless of prompt type. Errors mostly related to peripheral rather than central information and were more likely to be elicited by directive or yes/no questions than by invitations. Children who provided accounts when asked about a false event were less accurate when describing the true event. Children who received preparation that included practice recalling a recent event in response to directive and yes/no questions were least accurate when questioned about the false event first. The data provide the first direct evaluation of the accuracy of information elicited using different prompt types in the course of NICHD Protocol Interviews, and underscore the importance of how children are prepared for subsequent reporting.
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use of a structured investigative Protocol enhances the quality of investigative Interviews with alleged victims of child sexual abuse in britain
Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2009Co-Authors: Michael E Lamb, Yael Orbach, Kathleen J Sternberg, Phillip W Esplin, Jan Aldridge, Sally Pearson, Heather Stewart, Lynn BowlerAbstract:One hundred alleged victims of child sexual abuse (aged 4–13; M = 9.3 years) were Interviewed by police investigators about their alleged experiences. Half of the children were Interviewed using the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) structured Interview Protocol, whereas the other children, matched with respect to their age, relationship with the alleged perpetrator, and seriousness of the alleged offenses, were Interviewed by investigators following the Memorandum of Good Practice. Protocol-guided Interviews elicited more information using free-recall invitations and less information using directive, option-posing and suggestive questions than did standard Memorandum Interviews. There were no age differences in the proportion of total information provided in response to open-ended invitations in either condition, but there was a significant increase with age in the proportion of central information provided in response to open-ended invitations. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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a structured forensic Interview Protocol improves the quality and informativeness of investigative Interviews with children a review of research using the nichd investigative Interview Protocol
Child Abuse & Neglect, 2007Co-Authors: Michael E Lamb, Yael Orbach, Irit Hershkowitz, Phillip W Esplin, Dvora HorowitzAbstract:Abstract Objective To show how the results of research on children's memory, communicative skills, social knowledge, and social tendencies can be translated into guidelines that improve the quality of forensic Interviews of children. Method We review studies designed to evaluate children's capacities as witnesses, explain the development of the structured NICHD Investigative Interview Protocol, and discuss studies designed to assess whether use of the Protocol enhances the quality of investigative Interviews. Results Controlled studies have repeatedly shown that the quality of Interviewing reliably and dramatically improves when Interviewers employ the NICHD Protocol. No other technique has been proven to be similarly effective. Conclusions Use of the structured NICHD Protocol improves the quality of information obtained from alleged victims by investigators, thereby increasing the likelihood that interventions will be appropriate.
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use of a structured investigative Protocol enhances young children s responses to free recall prompts in the course of forensic Interviews
Journal of Applied Psychology, 2001Co-Authors: Kathleen J Sternberg, Yael Orbach, Michael E Lamb, Phillip W Esplin, Susanne MitchellAbstract:One hundred alleged victims of child sexual abuse (ages 4-12 years; M = 8.1 years) were Interviewed by police investigators about their alleged experiences. Half of the children were Interviewed using the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development's structured Interview Protocol, whereas the other children--matched with respect to their age, relationship with the alleged perpetrator, and seriousness of the alleged offenses--were Interviewed using standard Interview practices. Protocol-guided Interviews elicited more information using open-ended prompts and less information using option-posing and suggestive questions than did standard Interviews; there were no age differences in the amount of information provided in response to open-ended invitations. In 89% of the Protocol Interviews, children made their preliminary allegations in response to open-ended prompts, compared with 36% in the standard Interviews.
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assessing the value of structured Protocols for forensic Interviews of alleged child abuse victims
Child Abuse & Neglect, 2000Co-Authors: Yael Orbach, Irit Hershkowitz, Michael E Lamb, Kathleen J Sternberg, Phillip W Esplin, Dvora HorowitzAbstract:Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a structured Interview Protocol (NICHD Investigative Interview Protocol) operationalizing universally recommended guidelines for forensic Interviews. Method: The NICHD Investigative Protocol was designed to maximize the amount of information obtained using recall memory probes, which are likely to elicit more accurate information than recognition memory probes. Forensic investigators were trained to use the NICHD Protocol while conducting feedback-monitored simulation Interviews. The utility of the Protocol was then evaluated by comparing 55 Protocol Interviews with 50 prior Interviews by the same investigators, matched with respect to characertistics likely to affect the richness of the children’s accounts. The comparison was based on an analysis of the investigators’ utterance types, distribution, and timing, as well as quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the information produced. Results: As predicted, Protocol Interviews contained more open-ended prompts overall as well as before the first option-posing utterance than non-Protocol Interviews did. More details were obtained using open-ended invitations and fewer were obtained using focused questions in Protocol Interviews than in non-Protocol Interviews, although the total number of details elicited did not differ significantly. In both conditions, older children provided more details than younger children did. Conclusion: The findings confirmed that implementation of professionally recommended practices affected the behavior of Interviewers in both the pre-substantive and substantive phases of their Interviews and enhanced the quality (i.e., likely accuracy) of information elicited from alleged victims.
