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Simon Gregson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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selected Interview Transcript quotes from a reconfiguration of the sex trade how social and structural changes in eastern zimbabwe left women involved in sex work and transactional sex more vulnerable
PLOS ONE, 2017Co-Authors: Jocelyn Elmes, Morten Skovdal, Kundai Nhongo, Helen Ward, Catherine Campbell, Timothy B Hallett, Constance Nyamukapa, Peter White, Simon GregsonAbstract:Understanding the dynamic nature of sex work is important for explaining the course of HIV epidemics. While health and development interventions targeting sex workers may alter the dynamics of the sex trade in particular localities, little has been done to explore how large-scale social and structural changes, such as economic recessions–outside of the bounds of organizational intervention–may reconfigure social norms and attitudes with regards to sex work. Zimbabwe’s economic collapse in 2009, following a period (2000–2009) of economic decline, within a declining HIV epidemic, provides a unique opportunity to study community perceptions of the impact of socio-economic upheaval on the sex trade. We conducted focus group discussions with 122 community members in rural eastern Zimbabwe in January-February 2009. Groups were homogeneous by gender and occupation and included female sex workers, married women, and men who frequented bars. The focus groups elicited discussion around changes (comparing contemporaneous circumstances in 2009 to their memories of circumstances in 2000) in the demand for, and supply of, paid sex, and how sex workers and clients adapted to these changes, and with what implications for their health and well-being. Transcripts were thematically analyzed. The analysis revealed how changing economic conditions, combined with an increased awareness and fear of HIV–changing norms and local attitudes toward sex work–had altered the demand for commercial sex. In response, sex work dispersed from the bars into the wider community, requiring female sex workers to employ different tactics to attract clients. Hyperinflation meant that sex workers had to accept new forms of payment, including sex-on-credit and commodities. Further impacting the demand for commercial sex work was a poverty-driven increase in transactional sex. The economic upheaval in Zimbabwe effectively reorganized the market for sex by reducing previously dominant forms of commercial sex, while simultaneously providing new opportunities for women to exchange sex in less formal and more risky transactions. Efforts to measure and respond to the contribution of sex work to HIV transmission need to guard against unduly static definitions and consider the changing socioeconomic context and how this can cause shifts in behavior.
Coralie Mccormack - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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from Interview Transcript to interpretive story part 1 viewing the Transcript through multiple lenses
Field Methods, 2000Co-Authors: Coralie MccormackAbstract:For researchers working within a narrative inquiry framework, the task of constructing an interpretive story is daunting. They need to know, What do we do after we have transcribed our Interview tapes? The author’s response to this question is described in this article. The lenses of narrative processes, language, context, and moments are the dimensions people use to construct and reconstruct their identity and to give meaning to their lives. These lenses highlight both the individuality and the complexity of a life. Excerpts from an Interview with one postgraduate student illustrate some of the views highlighted by each of these lenses.
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from Interview Transcript to interpretive story part 2 developing an interpretive story
Field Methods, 2000Co-Authors: Coralie MccormackAbstract:Writing interpretive stories from the views highlighted by the multiple lenses of active listening, narrative processes, language, context, and moments is the second part of the author’s answer to the question, What do we do after we have transcribed our Interview tapes? Interpretive stories offer an alternative mode of representation of Interview Transcripts to the traditional approach in which a Transcript is fractured into smaller segments of text and then recombined into themes that move across stories, across people, and across contexts. As situated accounts inclusive of the multiple voices of the participant and those of the researcher, interpretive stories open the reader to the possibility of multiple interpretations. The first article in this series described the “nitty-gritty” (Mauthner and Doucet 1998:119) of the process of using the multiple lenses of active listening, narrative processes, language, context, and moments to analyze an Interview Transcript. This article begins by describing the process of developing one participant’s (Anna) interpretive story from the views highlighted by these lenses. Anna’s interpretive story Leisure . . . yeah, I don’t know. Gosh, it’s really making me think follows this description. Then, I discuss my reasons for choosing to write interpretive stories. I end with a cautionary note about stories not told in both this and the earlier article.
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From Interview Transcript to Interpretive Story: Part 2— Developing an Interpretive Story
Field Methods, 2000Co-Authors: Coralie MccormackAbstract:Writing interpretive stories from the views highlighted by the multiple lenses of active listening, narrative processes, language, context, and moments is the second part of the author’s answer to the question, What do we do after we have transcribed our Interview tapes? Interpretive stories offer an alternative mode of representation of Interview Transcripts to the traditional approach in which a Transcript is fractured into smaller segments of text and then recombined into themes that move across stories, across people, and across contexts. As situated accounts inclusive of the multiple voices of the participant and those of the researcher, interpretive stories open the reader to the possibility of multiple interpretations. The first article in this series described the “nitty-gritty” (Mauthner and Doucet 1998:119) of the process of using the multiple lenses of active listening, narrative processes, language, context, and moments to analyze an Interview Transcript. This article begins by describing the process of developing one participant’s (Anna) interpretive story from the views highlighted by these lenses. Anna’s interpretive story Leisure . . . yeah, I don’t know. Gosh, it’s really making me think follows this description. Then, I discuss my reasons for choosing to write interpretive stories. I end with a cautionary note about stories not told in both this and the earlier article.
Jeffrey L. Ecker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Recommendations about Pregnancy from Women with Mobility Disability to Their Peers.
Womens Health Issues, 2016Co-Authors: Lisa I. Iezzoni, Amy J. Wint, Suzanne C. Smeltzer, Jeffrey L. EckerAbstract:Abstract Background Although growing numbers of women with mobility disability are becoming pregnant and desiring motherhood, relatively little is known about their pregnancy experiences or what they might recommend to other women with mobility disability contemplating pregnancy. Methods Using a semistructured, open-ended Interview protocol, we conducted 2-hour telephone Interviews with 22 women who had a significant mobility disability before becoming pregnant and had delivered babies within the prior 10 years. We recruited most Interviewees through online social networks. We used NVivo software to sort Interview Transcript texts and performed conventional content analyses to identify major themes. Results Participants’ mean ± standard deviation age was 34.8 ± 5.3 years; most were White, well-educated, and middle income and 18 used wheeled mobility aids. Recommendations for other women with mobility disability coalesced around five themes: recognizing the possibility of giving birth, advocacy and support, being informed, approaches toward obstetrical practitioners, and managing fears about losing custody of their child. Lacking information about what to expect during their pregnancy was a significant problem. Women got information about pregnancy from diverse sources, but questions arose about accuracy and relevance of this information to individual circumstances. Women urged their peers to advocate for their preferences and needs with obstetrical practitioners. Conclusions Women with mobility disability who had delivered babies offered constructive advice for their peers who desire pregnancy. Increasing availability of accurate and relevant information about pregnancy among women with mobility disability is critically important, as is training obstetrical practitioners to provide patient-centered care to these women during pregnancy.
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physical accessibility of routine prenatal care for women with mobility disability
Journal of Womens Health, 2015Co-Authors: Lisa I. Iezzoni, Amy J. Wint, Suzanne C. Smeltzer, Jeffrey L. EckerAbstract:Abstract Background: Routine prenatal care includes physical examinations and weight measurement. Little is known about whether access barriers to medical diagnostic equipment, such as examination tables and weight scales, affect prenatal care among pregnant women with physical disabilities. Methods: We conducted 2-hour, in-depth telephone Interviews with 22 women using a semistructured, open-ended Interview protocol. All women had significant mobility difficulties before pregnancy and had delivered babies within the prior 10 years. We recruited most participants through social networks. We sorted Interview Transcript texts using used NVivo software and conducted conventional content analyses to identify major themes. Results: Interviewee's mean (standard deviation) age was 34.8 (5.3) years. Most were white, well-educated, and higher income; 8 women had spinal cord injuries, 4 cerebral palsy, and 10 had other conditions; 18 used wheeled mobility aids. Some women's obstetricians had height adjustable exami...
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Effects of disability on pregnancy experiences among women with impaired mobility
Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 2014Co-Authors: Lisa I. Iezzoni, Amy J. Wint, Suzanne C. Smeltzer, Jeffrey L. EckerAbstract:Objective Little is known about how functional impairments might affect the pregnancies of women with mobility disability. We aimed to explore complications that arise during pregnancy that are specifically related to physical functional impairments of women with significant mobility disabilities. Design Qualitative descriptive analysis. Setting Telephone Interviews with women from 17 USA states. Sample 22 women with significant mobility difficulties who had delivered babies within the prior 10 years; most participants were recruited through social networks. Methods We conducted 2-h, in-depth telephone Interviews using a semi-structured, open-ended Interview protocol. We used NVIVO software to sort Interview Transcript texts for conventional content analyses. Main outcome measures Functional impairment-related complications during pregnancy. Results The women's mean (standard deviation) age was 34.8 (5.3) years. Most were white, well-educated, and higher income; eight women had spinal cord injuries, four cerebral palsy, and 10 had other conditions; 18 used wheeled mobility aids; and 14 had cesarean deliveries (eight elective). Impairment-related complications during pregnancy included: falls; urinary tract and bladder problems; wheelchair fit and stability problems that reduced mobility and compromised safety; significant shortness of breath, sometimes requiring respiratory support; increased spasticity; bowel management difficulties; and skin integrity problems (this was rare, but many women greatly increased skin monitoring during pregnancy to prevent pressure ulcers). Conclusions In addition to other pregnancy-associated health risks, women with mobility disabilities appear to experience problems relating to their functional impairments. Pre-conception planning and in-depth discussions during early pregnancy could potentially assist women with mobility disabilities to anticipate and address these difficulties.
Sheila Greenfield - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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can rapid approaches to qualitative analysis deliver timely valid findings to clinical leaders a mixed methods study comparing rapid and thematic analysis
BMJ Open, 2018Co-Authors: Beck Taylor, Catherine Henshall, Sara Kenyon, Ian Litchfield, Sheila GreenfieldAbstract:Objectives This study compares rapid and traditional analyses of a UK health service evaluation dataset to explore differences in researcher time and consistency of outputs. Design Mixed methods study, quantitatively and qualitatively comparing qualitative methods. Setting Data from a home birth service evaluation study in a hospital in the English National Health Service, which took place between October and December 2014. Two research teams independently analysed focus group and Interview Transcript data: one team used a thematic analysis approach using the framework method, and the second used rapid analysis. Participants Home birth midwives (6), midwifery support workers (4), commissioners (4), managers (6), and community midwives (12) and a patient representative (1) participated in the original study. Primary outcome measures Time taken to complete analysis in person hours; analysis findings and recommendations matched, partially matched or not matched across the two teams. Results Rapid analysis data management took less time than thematic analysis (43 hours vs 116.5 hours). Rapid analysis took 100 hours, and thematic analysis took 126.5 hours in total, with interpretation and write up taking much longer in the rapid analysis (52 hours vs 8 hours). Rapid analysis findings overlapped with 79% of thematic analysis findings, and thematic analysis overlapped with 63% of the rapid analysis findings. Rapid analysis recommendations overlapped with 55% of those from the thematic analysis, and thematic analysis overlapped with 59% of the rapid analysis recommendations. Conclusions Rapid analysis delivered a modest time saving. Excessive time to interpret data in rapid analysis in this study may be due to differences between research teams. There was overlap in outputs between approaches, more in findings than recommendations. Rapid analysis may have the potential to deliver valid, timely findings while taking less time. We recommend further comparisons using additional data sets with more similar research teams.
Jocelyn Elmes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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selected Interview Transcript quotes from a reconfiguration of the sex trade how social and structural changes in eastern zimbabwe left women involved in sex work and transactional sex more vulnerable
PLOS ONE, 2017Co-Authors: Jocelyn Elmes, Morten Skovdal, Kundai Nhongo, Helen Ward, Catherine Campbell, Timothy B Hallett, Constance Nyamukapa, Peter White, Simon GregsonAbstract:Understanding the dynamic nature of sex work is important for explaining the course of HIV epidemics. While health and development interventions targeting sex workers may alter the dynamics of the sex trade in particular localities, little has been done to explore how large-scale social and structural changes, such as economic recessions–outside of the bounds of organizational intervention–may reconfigure social norms and attitudes with regards to sex work. Zimbabwe’s economic collapse in 2009, following a period (2000–2009) of economic decline, within a declining HIV epidemic, provides a unique opportunity to study community perceptions of the impact of socio-economic upheaval on the sex trade. We conducted focus group discussions with 122 community members in rural eastern Zimbabwe in January-February 2009. Groups were homogeneous by gender and occupation and included female sex workers, married women, and men who frequented bars. The focus groups elicited discussion around changes (comparing contemporaneous circumstances in 2009 to their memories of circumstances in 2000) in the demand for, and supply of, paid sex, and how sex workers and clients adapted to these changes, and with what implications for their health and well-being. Transcripts were thematically analyzed. The analysis revealed how changing economic conditions, combined with an increased awareness and fear of HIV–changing norms and local attitudes toward sex work–had altered the demand for commercial sex. In response, sex work dispersed from the bars into the wider community, requiring female sex workers to employ different tactics to attract clients. Hyperinflation meant that sex workers had to accept new forms of payment, including sex-on-credit and commodities. Further impacting the demand for commercial sex work was a poverty-driven increase in transactional sex. The economic upheaval in Zimbabwe effectively reorganized the market for sex by reducing previously dominant forms of commercial sex, while simultaneously providing new opportunities for women to exchange sex in less formal and more risky transactions. Efforts to measure and respond to the contribution of sex work to HIV transmission need to guard against unduly static definitions and consider the changing socioeconomic context and how this can cause shifts in behavior.
