The Experts below are selected from a list of 48 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Hongzen Yeh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
small Intestine dysMotility and bacterial overgrowth in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Hepatology, 1998Co-Authors: M Chisen D Chang, Granhum Chen, Hanchung Lien, Hongzen YehAbstract:Patients with bacterial overgrowth of the small Intestine developed spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) more frequently than patients without bacterial overgrowth of the small Intestine. The objective of this study was to determine whether the incidences of small Intestine dysMotility and bacterial overgrowth are higher in cirrhotic patients with a history of SBP than in cirrhotic patients without SBP. Forty cirrhotic patients were enrolled in this study. There were 20 patients with a history of SBP and 20 patients without a history of SBP. Small Intestine bacterial overgrowth was diagnosed by breath hydrogen test. Small Intestine Motility was recorded, by a 3-channel solid-state manometric catheter, for 24 hours. There were no statistical differences in age or sex between the two groups. The Child-Pugh scores in the SBP group were higher than in the non-SBP group (10.5 ± 2.1 vs. 8.1 ± 1.9, P< .01). The incidence of bacterial overgrowth of the small Intestine was higher in the SBP group than in the non-SBP group (70% vs. 20%, P < .01). The amplitude and duration of migrating motor complex (MMC) activity fronts, as well as the number of clusters per hour, were similar in both groups. However, the frequency of MMC activity fronts was higher in the non-SBP group than in the SBP group (4.8 ± 2.3/24 hours vs. 3.5 ± 1.2/24 hours, P < .05). In addition, the MMC velocity was significantly higher in the non-SBP group (8.3 ± 2.6 vs. 5.3 ± 2.1 cm/min, P < .01). The incidence of bacterial overgrowth of the small Intestine was higher in cirrhotic patients with history of SBP than in those without SBP. Small Intestine Motility dysfunction was more severe in cirrhotic patients with history of SBP. Impaired Motility of the small Intestine, causing bacterial overgrowth of the small Intestine, may be one of the explanations for recurrent SBP in cirrhotic patients.
John Kellow - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
small Intestine Motility
Current Opinion in Gastroenterology, 2000Co-Authors: Allison Malcolm, John KellowAbstract:During the period of review, work has been ongoing to refine existing techniques and to better define normal patterns of small intestinal Motility. Researchers continue to learn more about the established neurohumoral control mechanisms of Motility, as well as the effects and potential importance of newly discovered neuropeptides and receptors. There has also been continued interest in alterations in Motility in various disease states and in the effects on Motility of a number of pharmacologic agents.
William O Richards - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
propagation of small bowel migrating motor complex activity fronts varies with anastomosis type
Journal of Surgical Research, 1991Co-Authors: John H Arnold, Chris A Alevizatos, Susan E Cox, William O RichardsAbstract:Fasting small Intestine Motility (migrating motor complex or MMC) occurs in humans and dogs in four phases. Activity fronts during phase III consist of high amplitude contractions propagating aborally and are interrupted by transection of the small Intestine. To study the effect of anastomosis type on MMC propagation six dogs underwent resection of a 15-cm segment of bowel 45 cm distal to the ligament of Treitz and single layer hand sewn end-to-end (EE) anastomosis. Single layer end-to-side (ES) or side-to-side (SS) anastomoses were hand sewn 15 cm distal to the transection in six other dogs. Eight force transducer strain gauges were placed at 10-cm intervals about each anastomosis. At least 7 days after operation, small bowel contractions were recorded in fasted animals, and recordings were visually inspected. Only 1 of 36 activity fronts propagated across the end-to-end anastomosis within 45 days of surgery. However, after 60 days 25 of 39 phase III activity fronts propagated. There was no propagation of MMC activity across the ES anastomosis and only 10% of activity fronts propagated across the SS anastomosis. We conclude phase III MMC activity front propagation is interrupted by small bowel transection. Propagation regenerates after EE anastomosis, but not after ES or after SS anastomoses, even after prolonged healing.
Jerzy Sarosiek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
tu2078 the effect of lubiprostone on regional alimentary tract transit times measured by wireless Motility capsule in patients with chronic constipation
Gastroenterology, 2013Co-Authors: Irene Sarosiek, Yvette Gomez, Roberta Romero, Natalia Vega, Alicia Álvarez, Richard W. Mccallum, Jerzy SarosiekAbstract:Introduction: Lubiprostone, a selective type 2 chloride channel (ClC-2) activator, induces a chloride-rich intestinal fluid secretion which diminishes viscoelasticity of luminal contents and increases lubrication. These effects have led to increased stool frequency and relief of symptoms in patients with chronic constipation (CC). While radionuclide studies have indicated acceleration in colon transit, the impact of lubiprostone on transit times in specific regions of the gut has not been clarified. These measurements can now be achieved by the novel wireless Motility capsule (WMC) technology in patients with CC. Our aim was to investigate the effects of lubiprostone on gastric emptying (GET), small bowel (SBTT), colon (CTT) and small/large bowel (SLBTT) transit times assessed by WMC in CC (Rome III) patients. Methods: Twenty nine female patients with CC, mean age 38 (19-64) mean weight 167 lbs (111-305) were tested with WMC before treatment and on day number 8 after receiving 24 mcg BID of lubiprostone. GET was calculated from the time WMC was ingested until the point at which there was an abrupt and sustained increase in pH of more than 2 units from the gastric pH to an absolute pH of .6.0. SBTT was defined as the elapsed time from capsule leaving the stomach until capsule arrived at the cecum. This was determined by a sudden drop of pH.1 unit, for longer than 1 h, which was preceded by a gradual, sustained rise in pH as the capsule passes through the distal small bowel. CTT was defined as the time interval between the point of entry into the cecum and the exit of WMC from the body. SLBTT includes SBTT and CTT. Statistical analysis, using Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test was performed using Sigma-Stat software. Results are presented as Median with 25-75 percentiles range. Results: After administration of lubiprostone gastric emptying was slowed by 14.5% to 4.02h (2.27-8.82) versus 3.51h (2.38-12.83) at baseline (P=0.913); SBTT was significantly accelerated by 12.2% to 4.03h (3.13-4.49) when compared with 4.59 h (4.00-6.32) at baseline (P=0.010) and CTT was accelerated by 10.1% to 35.1h (22.66-47.99) vs 39.05h (22.61-63.39) before treatment ( P=0.328). The comparison of SLBTT before and after therapy with lubiprostone showed 18.9% reduction of this regional transit time with median being 46.24h (30.97-80.47) at baseline and 37.55h (24.49-54.21) while on medication (P=0.128). Conclusions: 1) During treatment with lubiprostone the acceleration of SBTT is more pronounced that colon transit in CC patients. 2) This implies that type 2 chloride channel activation within the small bowel does affect small Intestine Motility patterns in patients with chronic constipation. 3) The very modest delay in gastric emptying was not accompanied by clinically relevant nausea and is unlikely to explain the nausea side effect profile of lubiprostone.
M Chisen D Chang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
small Intestine dysMotility and bacterial overgrowth in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Hepatology, 1998Co-Authors: M Chisen D Chang, Granhum Chen, Hanchung Lien, Hongzen YehAbstract:Patients with bacterial overgrowth of the small Intestine developed spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) more frequently than patients without bacterial overgrowth of the small Intestine. The objective of this study was to determine whether the incidences of small Intestine dysMotility and bacterial overgrowth are higher in cirrhotic patients with a history of SBP than in cirrhotic patients without SBP. Forty cirrhotic patients were enrolled in this study. There were 20 patients with a history of SBP and 20 patients without a history of SBP. Small Intestine bacterial overgrowth was diagnosed by breath hydrogen test. Small Intestine Motility was recorded, by a 3-channel solid-state manometric catheter, for 24 hours. There were no statistical differences in age or sex between the two groups. The Child-Pugh scores in the SBP group were higher than in the non-SBP group (10.5 ± 2.1 vs. 8.1 ± 1.9, P< .01). The incidence of bacterial overgrowth of the small Intestine was higher in the SBP group than in the non-SBP group (70% vs. 20%, P < .01). The amplitude and duration of migrating motor complex (MMC) activity fronts, as well as the number of clusters per hour, were similar in both groups. However, the frequency of MMC activity fronts was higher in the non-SBP group than in the SBP group (4.8 ± 2.3/24 hours vs. 3.5 ± 1.2/24 hours, P < .05). In addition, the MMC velocity was significantly higher in the non-SBP group (8.3 ± 2.6 vs. 5.3 ± 2.1 cm/min, P < .01). The incidence of bacterial overgrowth of the small Intestine was higher in cirrhotic patients with history of SBP than in those without SBP. Small Intestine Motility dysfunction was more severe in cirrhotic patients with history of SBP. Impaired Motility of the small Intestine, causing bacterial overgrowth of the small Intestine, may be one of the explanations for recurrent SBP in cirrhotic patients.
