The Experts below are selected from a list of 111 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Narpat Singh Shekhawat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Recent advances in genetic engineering for improvement of fruit crops
Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 2014Co-Authors: Manoj K. Rai, Narpat Singh ShekhawatAbstract:Fruits are one of the major sources of vitamins, essential nutrients, antioxidants and fibers in human diet. During the last two–three decades, genetic engineering methods based on the use of transgenes have been successfully adopted to improve fruit plants and focused mainly on enhanced tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, increased fruit yield, improved post harvest shelf life of fruit, reduced generation time and production of fruit with higher nutritional value. However, the development of transgenic fruit plants and their commercialization are hindered by many regulatory and social hurdles. Nowadays, new genetic engineering approaches i.e. cisgenesis or Intragenesis receive increasing interest for genetic modification of plants. The absence of selectable marker gene in the final product and the introduced gene(s) derived from the same plant or plants sexually compatible with the target crop should increase consumer’s acceptance. In this article, we attempt to summarize the recent progress achieved on the genetic engineering in fruit plants and their applications in crop improvement. Challenges and opportunities for the deployment of genetic engineering in crop improvement programs of fruit plants are also discussed.
Asis Datta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genetically modified (GM) crops: milestones and new advances in crop improvement
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2016Co-Authors: Ayushi Kamthan, Abira Chaudhuri, Mohan Kamthan, Asis DattaAbstract:Key message New advances in crop genetic engineering can significantly pace up the development of genetically improved varieties with enhanced yield, nutrition and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Abstract Genetically modified (GM) crops can act as powerful complement to the crops produced by laborious and time consuming conventional breeding methods to meet the worldwide demand for quality foods. GM crops can help fight malnutrition due to enhanced yield, nutritional quality and increased resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, several biosafety issues and public concerns are associated with cultivation of GM crops developed by transgenesis, i.e., introduction of genes from distantly related organism. To meet these concerns, researchers have developed alternative concepts of cisgenesis and Intragenesis which involve transformation of plants with genetic material derived from the species itself or from closely related species capable of sexual hybridization, respectively. Recombinase technology aimed at site-specific integration of transgene can help to overcome limitations of traditional genetic engineering methods based on random integration of multiple copy of transgene into plant genome leading to gene silencing and unpredictable expression pattern. Besides, recently developed technology of genome editing using engineered nucleases, permit the modification or mutation of genes of interest without involving foreign DNA, and as a result, plants developed with this technology might be considered as non-transgenic genetically altered plants. This would open the doors for the development and commercialization of transgenic plants with superior phenotypes even in countries where GM crops are poorly accepted. This review is an attempt to summarize various past achievements of GM technology in crop improvement, recent progress and new advances in the field to develop improved varieties aimed for better consumer acceptance.
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Genetically modified (GM) crops: milestones and new advances in crop improvement
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2016Co-Authors: Ayushi Kamthan, Abira Chaudhuri, Mohan Kamthan, Asis DattaAbstract:New advances in crop genetic engineering can significantly pace up the development of genetically improved varieties with enhanced yield, nutrition and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Genetically modified (GM) crops can act as powerful complement to the crops produced by laborious and time consuming conventional breeding methods to meet the worldwide demand for quality foods. GM crops can help fight malnutrition due to enhanced yield, nutritional quality and increased resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, several biosafety issues and public concerns are associated with cultivation of GM crops developed by transgenesis, i.e., introduction of genes from distantly related organism. To meet these concerns, researchers have developed alternative concepts of cisgenesis and Intragenesis which involve transformation of plants with genetic material derived from the species itself or from closely related species capable of sexual hybridization, respectively. Recombinase technology aimed at site-specific integration of transgene can help to overcome limitations of traditional genetic engineering methods based on random integration of multiple copy of transgene into plant genome leading to gene silencing and unpredictable expression pattern. Besides, recently developed technology of genome editing using engineered nucleases, permit the modification or mutation of genes of interest without involving foreign DNA, and as a result, plants developed with this technology might be considered as non-transgenic genetically altered plants. This would open the doors for the development and commercialization of transgenic plants with superior phenotypes even in countries where GM crops are poorly accepted. This review is an attempt to summarize various past achievements of GM technology in crop improvement, recent progress and new advances in the field to develop improved varieties aimed for better consumer acceptance.
Manoj K. Rai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Recent advances in genetic engineering for improvement of fruit crops
Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 2014Co-Authors: Manoj K. Rai, Narpat Singh ShekhawatAbstract:Fruits are one of the major sources of vitamins, essential nutrients, antioxidants and fibers in human diet. During the last two–three decades, genetic engineering methods based on the use of transgenes have been successfully adopted to improve fruit plants and focused mainly on enhanced tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, increased fruit yield, improved post harvest shelf life of fruit, reduced generation time and production of fruit with higher nutritional value. However, the development of transgenic fruit plants and their commercialization are hindered by many regulatory and social hurdles. Nowadays, new genetic engineering approaches i.e. cisgenesis or Intragenesis receive increasing interest for genetic modification of plants. The absence of selectable marker gene in the final product and the introduced gene(s) derived from the same plant or plants sexually compatible with the target crop should increase consumer’s acceptance. In this article, we attempt to summarize the recent progress achieved on the genetic engineering in fruit plants and their applications in crop improvement. Challenges and opportunities for the deployment of genetic engineering in crop improvement programs of fruit plants are also discussed.
Preben Bach Holm - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Current Developments of Intragenic and Cisgenic Crops
2020Co-Authors: Inger Baeksted Holme, Toni Wendt, Preben Bach HolmAbstract:Introduction The full potential of genetically engineered crops can probably not be realized without an increased acceptance by the general public. Likewise, the costly and lengthy procedures for obtaining approval of these crops are major barriers for implementation. New strategies and approaches are therefore required in the development of the genetically engineered crops of the future. Several public surveys have shown that one of the major concerns among the general public is the combination of genetic elements derived from different organisms that cannot be crossed by natural means. Intragenesis and cisgenesis are two transformation concepts developed to meet this concern. In contrast to transgenesis where genes and DNA sequences are moved between any species, cis-/Intragenesis is based on genetically engineering using only the plants own genetic material or genetic material from closely related species that can be intercrossed. Additionally, foreign sequences such as selection marker genes and vector-backbone sequences should be absent in the final intragenic and cisgenic plants. The definition of the intragenic transformation concept was introduced by Rommens in 20041. Intragenesis allows for the design of cassettes combining specific genetic elements from plants belonging to the same sexually compatibility gene pool (Fig. 1). Accordingly, coding regions of one gene (with or without introns) can be combined with promoters and terminators from different genes from the same sexually compatibility gene pool. Additionally, silencing constructs can be designed by combining several different genetic elements from the same sexually compatibility group (Fig. 1). The more restrictive cisgensis concept was introduced by the Dutch researchers Schouten, Krens, and Jacobsen in 20062. For cisgenesis, in vitro rearrangements are not permitted, and the cisgene has to be an identical copy of the endogenous gene, including the promoter, introns and the terminator in the normal-sense orientation (Fig. 1). However, in contrast to Intragenesis, which requires that the T-DNA border sequences used for Agrobacteriummediated transformation are isolated from the sexually compatible DNA pool (P-borders), the T-DNA borders originating from Agrobacterium can be used in cisgenesis (Fig 1). Although there are several variants and mixes of these two definitions, all definitions are based on the exploitation of the same gene pool as the one used in conventional breeding of a crop (a more detailed description on the variant definitions is included in the article in Plant Biotechnology Journal3).
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Intragenesis and cisgenesis as alternatives to transgenic crop development
Plant Biotechnology Journal, 2013Co-Authors: Inger Baeksted Holme, Toni Wendt, Preben Bach HolmAbstract:Summary One of the major concerns of the general public about transgenic crops relates to the mixing of genetic materials between species that cannot hybridize by natural means. To meet this concern, the two transformation concepts cisgenesis and Intragenesis were developed as alternatives to transgenesis. Both concepts imply that plants must only be transformed with genetic material derived from the species itself or from closely related species capable of sexual hybridization. Furthermore, foreign sequences such as selection genes and vector-backbone sequences should be absent. Intragenesis differs from cisgenesis by allowing use of new gene combinations created by in vitro rearrangements of functional genetic elements. Several surveys show higher public acceptance of intragenic/cisgenic crops compared to transgenic crops. Thus, although the intragenic and cisgenic concepts were introduced internationally only 9 and 7 years ago, several different traits in a variety of crops have currently been modified according to these concepts. Five of these crops are now in field trials and two have pending applications for deregulation. Currently, intragenic/cisgenic plants are regulated as transgenic plants worldwide. However, as the gene pool exploited by Intragenesis and cisgenesis are identical to the gene pool available for conventional breeding, less comprehensive regulatory measures are expected. The regulation of intragenic/cisgenic crops is presently under evaluation in the EU and in the US regulators are considering if a subgroup of these crops should be exempted from regulation. It is accordingly possible that the intragenic/cisgenic route will be of major significance for future plant breeding.
Ayushi Kamthan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genetically modified (GM) crops: milestones and new advances in crop improvement
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2016Co-Authors: Ayushi Kamthan, Abira Chaudhuri, Mohan Kamthan, Asis DattaAbstract:Key message New advances in crop genetic engineering can significantly pace up the development of genetically improved varieties with enhanced yield, nutrition and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Abstract Genetically modified (GM) crops can act as powerful complement to the crops produced by laborious and time consuming conventional breeding methods to meet the worldwide demand for quality foods. GM crops can help fight malnutrition due to enhanced yield, nutritional quality and increased resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, several biosafety issues and public concerns are associated with cultivation of GM crops developed by transgenesis, i.e., introduction of genes from distantly related organism. To meet these concerns, researchers have developed alternative concepts of cisgenesis and Intragenesis which involve transformation of plants with genetic material derived from the species itself or from closely related species capable of sexual hybridization, respectively. Recombinase technology aimed at site-specific integration of transgene can help to overcome limitations of traditional genetic engineering methods based on random integration of multiple copy of transgene into plant genome leading to gene silencing and unpredictable expression pattern. Besides, recently developed technology of genome editing using engineered nucleases, permit the modification or mutation of genes of interest without involving foreign DNA, and as a result, plants developed with this technology might be considered as non-transgenic genetically altered plants. This would open the doors for the development and commercialization of transgenic plants with superior phenotypes even in countries where GM crops are poorly accepted. This review is an attempt to summarize various past achievements of GM technology in crop improvement, recent progress and new advances in the field to develop improved varieties aimed for better consumer acceptance.
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Genetically modified (GM) crops: milestones and new advances in crop improvement
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2016Co-Authors: Ayushi Kamthan, Abira Chaudhuri, Mohan Kamthan, Asis DattaAbstract:New advances in crop genetic engineering can significantly pace up the development of genetically improved varieties with enhanced yield, nutrition and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Genetically modified (GM) crops can act as powerful complement to the crops produced by laborious and time consuming conventional breeding methods to meet the worldwide demand for quality foods. GM crops can help fight malnutrition due to enhanced yield, nutritional quality and increased resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, several biosafety issues and public concerns are associated with cultivation of GM crops developed by transgenesis, i.e., introduction of genes from distantly related organism. To meet these concerns, researchers have developed alternative concepts of cisgenesis and Intragenesis which involve transformation of plants with genetic material derived from the species itself or from closely related species capable of sexual hybridization, respectively. Recombinase technology aimed at site-specific integration of transgene can help to overcome limitations of traditional genetic engineering methods based on random integration of multiple copy of transgene into plant genome leading to gene silencing and unpredictable expression pattern. Besides, recently developed technology of genome editing using engineered nucleases, permit the modification or mutation of genes of interest without involving foreign DNA, and as a result, plants developed with this technology might be considered as non-transgenic genetically altered plants. This would open the doors for the development and commercialization of transgenic plants with superior phenotypes even in countries where GM crops are poorly accepted. This review is an attempt to summarize various past achievements of GM technology in crop improvement, recent progress and new advances in the field to develop improved varieties aimed for better consumer acceptance.