The Experts below are selected from a list of 318 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Kichang Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
use of the Inverse Solution guidance algorithm method for rf ablation catheter guidance
Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 2021Co-Authors: Conor D Barrett, Tatsuya J Arai, Aneesh Bapat, Antonis A Armoundas, Richard A Cohen, Kichang LeeAbstract:INTRODUCTION We previously introduced the Inverse Solution guidance algorithm (ISGA) methodology using a Single Equivalent Moving Dipole model of cardiac electrical activity to localize both the exit site of a re-entrant circuit and the tip of a radiofrequency (RF) ablation catheter. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of ISGA for ablation catheter guidance in an animal model. METHODS Ventricular tachycardia (VT) was simulated by rapid ventricular pacing at a target site in eleven Yorkshire swine. The ablation target was established using three different techniques: a pacing lead placed into the ventricular wall at the mid-myocardial level (Type-1), an intracardiac mapping catheter (Type-2), and an RF ablation catheter placed at a random position on the endocardial surface (Type-3). In each experiment, one operator placed the catheter/pacing lead at the target location, while another used the ISGA system to manipulate the RF ablation catheter starting from a random ventricular location to locate the target. RESULTS The average localization error of the RF ablation catheter tip was 0.31 ± 0.08 cm. After analyzing approximately 35 cardiac cycles of simulated VT, the ISGA system's accuracy in locating the target was 0.4 cm after four catheter movements in the Type-1 experiment, 0.48 cm after six movements in the Type-2 experiment, and 0.67 cm after seven movements in the Type-3 experiment. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the feasibility of using the ISGA method to guide an ablation catheter to the origin of a VT focus by analyzing a few beats of body surface potentials without electro-anatomic mapping.
-
use of the Inverse Solution guidance algorithm method for rf ablation catheter guidance
Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 2021Co-Authors: Conor D Barrett, Tatsuya J Arai, Aneesh Bapat, Antonis A Armoundas, Richard A Cohen, Kichang LeeAbstract:We previously introduced the Inverse Solution Guidance Algorithm (ISGA) methodology using a Single Equivalent Moving Dipole model of cardiac electrical activity to localize both the exit site of a re-entrant circuit and the tip of a radiofrequency (RF) ablation catheter. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of ISGA for ablation catheter guidance in an animal model. Ventricular tachycardia (VT) was simulated by rapid ventricular pacing at a target site in eleven Yorkshire swine. The ablation target was established using three different techniques: a pacing lead placed into the ventricular wall at the mid-myocardial level (Type-1), an intracardiac mapping catheter (Type-2), and an RF ablation catheter placed at a random position on the endocardial surface (Type-3). In each experiment, one operator placed the catheter/pacing lead at the target location, while another used the ISGA system to manipulate the RF ablation catheter starting from a random ventricular location to locate the target. The average localization error of the RF ablation catheter tip was 0.31 ± 0.08 cm. After analyzing ~35 cardiac cycles of simulated VT, the ISGA system's accuracy in locating the target was 0.4 cm after 4 catheter movements in the Type-1 experiment, 0.48 cm after 6 movements in the Type-2 experiment, and 0.67 cm after 7 movements in the Type-3 experiment. We demonstrated the feasibility of using the ISGA method to guide an ablation catheter to the origin of a VT focus by analyzing a few beats of body surface potentials without electro-anatomic mapping. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
-
use of the Inverse Solution guidance algorithm method for rf ablation catheter guidance
Authorea Preprints, 2020Co-Authors: Conor D Barrett, Tatsuya J Arai, Aneesh Bapat, Antonis A Armoundas, Richard A Cohen, Kichang LeeAbstract:We previously introduced the Inverse Solution Guidance Algorithm (ISGA) methodology using a Single Equivalent Moving Dipole model of cardiac electrical activity to localize both the exit site of a re-entrant circuit and the tip of a radiofrequency (RF) ablation catheter. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of ISGA for ablation catheter guidance in an animal model. Ventricular tachycardia (VT) was simulated by rapid ventricular pacing at a target site in eleven Yorkshire swine. The ablation target was established using three different techniques: a pacing lead placed into the ventricular wall at the mid-myocardial level (Type-1), an intracardiac mapping catheter (Type-2), and an RF ablation catheter placed at a random position on the endocardial surface (Type-3). In each experiment, one operator placed the catheter/pacing lead at the target location, while another used the ISGA system to manipulate the RF ablation catheter starting from a random ventricular location to locate the target. The average localization error of the RF ablation catheter tip was 0.31 ± 0.08 cm. After analyzing ~35 cardiac cycles of simulated VT, the ISGA system’s accuracy in locating the target was 0.4 cm after 4 catheter movements in the Type-1 experiment, 0.48 cm after 6 movements in the Type-2 experiment, and 0.67 cm after 7 movements in the Type-3 experiment. We demonstrated the feasibility of using the ISGA method to guide an ablation catheter to the origin of a VT focus by analyzing a few beats of body surface potentials without electro-anatomic mapping.
Conor D Barrett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
use of the Inverse Solution guidance algorithm method for rf ablation catheter guidance
Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 2021Co-Authors: Conor D Barrett, Tatsuya J Arai, Aneesh Bapat, Antonis A Armoundas, Richard A Cohen, Kichang LeeAbstract:INTRODUCTION We previously introduced the Inverse Solution guidance algorithm (ISGA) methodology using a Single Equivalent Moving Dipole model of cardiac electrical activity to localize both the exit site of a re-entrant circuit and the tip of a radiofrequency (RF) ablation catheter. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of ISGA for ablation catheter guidance in an animal model. METHODS Ventricular tachycardia (VT) was simulated by rapid ventricular pacing at a target site in eleven Yorkshire swine. The ablation target was established using three different techniques: a pacing lead placed into the ventricular wall at the mid-myocardial level (Type-1), an intracardiac mapping catheter (Type-2), and an RF ablation catheter placed at a random position on the endocardial surface (Type-3). In each experiment, one operator placed the catheter/pacing lead at the target location, while another used the ISGA system to manipulate the RF ablation catheter starting from a random ventricular location to locate the target. RESULTS The average localization error of the RF ablation catheter tip was 0.31 ± 0.08 cm. After analyzing approximately 35 cardiac cycles of simulated VT, the ISGA system's accuracy in locating the target was 0.4 cm after four catheter movements in the Type-1 experiment, 0.48 cm after six movements in the Type-2 experiment, and 0.67 cm after seven movements in the Type-3 experiment. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the feasibility of using the ISGA method to guide an ablation catheter to the origin of a VT focus by analyzing a few beats of body surface potentials without electro-anatomic mapping.
-
use of the Inverse Solution guidance algorithm method for rf ablation catheter guidance
Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 2021Co-Authors: Conor D Barrett, Tatsuya J Arai, Aneesh Bapat, Antonis A Armoundas, Richard A Cohen, Kichang LeeAbstract:We previously introduced the Inverse Solution Guidance Algorithm (ISGA) methodology using a Single Equivalent Moving Dipole model of cardiac electrical activity to localize both the exit site of a re-entrant circuit and the tip of a radiofrequency (RF) ablation catheter. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of ISGA for ablation catheter guidance in an animal model. Ventricular tachycardia (VT) was simulated by rapid ventricular pacing at a target site in eleven Yorkshire swine. The ablation target was established using three different techniques: a pacing lead placed into the ventricular wall at the mid-myocardial level (Type-1), an intracardiac mapping catheter (Type-2), and an RF ablation catheter placed at a random position on the endocardial surface (Type-3). In each experiment, one operator placed the catheter/pacing lead at the target location, while another used the ISGA system to manipulate the RF ablation catheter starting from a random ventricular location to locate the target. The average localization error of the RF ablation catheter tip was 0.31 ± 0.08 cm. After analyzing ~35 cardiac cycles of simulated VT, the ISGA system's accuracy in locating the target was 0.4 cm after 4 catheter movements in the Type-1 experiment, 0.48 cm after 6 movements in the Type-2 experiment, and 0.67 cm after 7 movements in the Type-3 experiment. We demonstrated the feasibility of using the ISGA method to guide an ablation catheter to the origin of a VT focus by analyzing a few beats of body surface potentials without electro-anatomic mapping. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
-
use of the Inverse Solution guidance algorithm method for rf ablation catheter guidance
Authorea Preprints, 2020Co-Authors: Conor D Barrett, Tatsuya J Arai, Aneesh Bapat, Antonis A Armoundas, Richard A Cohen, Kichang LeeAbstract:We previously introduced the Inverse Solution Guidance Algorithm (ISGA) methodology using a Single Equivalent Moving Dipole model of cardiac electrical activity to localize both the exit site of a re-entrant circuit and the tip of a radiofrequency (RF) ablation catheter. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of ISGA for ablation catheter guidance in an animal model. Ventricular tachycardia (VT) was simulated by rapid ventricular pacing at a target site in eleven Yorkshire swine. The ablation target was established using three different techniques: a pacing lead placed into the ventricular wall at the mid-myocardial level (Type-1), an intracardiac mapping catheter (Type-2), and an RF ablation catheter placed at a random position on the endocardial surface (Type-3). In each experiment, one operator placed the catheter/pacing lead at the target location, while another used the ISGA system to manipulate the RF ablation catheter starting from a random ventricular location to locate the target. The average localization error of the RF ablation catheter tip was 0.31 ± 0.08 cm. After analyzing ~35 cardiac cycles of simulated VT, the ISGA system’s accuracy in locating the target was 0.4 cm after 4 catheter movements in the Type-1 experiment, 0.48 cm after 6 movements in the Type-2 experiment, and 0.67 cm after 7 movements in the Type-3 experiment. We demonstrated the feasibility of using the ISGA method to guide an ablation catheter to the origin of a VT focus by analyzing a few beats of body surface potentials without electro-anatomic mapping.
Aneesh Bapat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
use of the Inverse Solution guidance algorithm method for rf ablation catheter guidance
Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 2021Co-Authors: Conor D Barrett, Tatsuya J Arai, Aneesh Bapat, Antonis A Armoundas, Richard A Cohen, Kichang LeeAbstract:INTRODUCTION We previously introduced the Inverse Solution guidance algorithm (ISGA) methodology using a Single Equivalent Moving Dipole model of cardiac electrical activity to localize both the exit site of a re-entrant circuit and the tip of a radiofrequency (RF) ablation catheter. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of ISGA for ablation catheter guidance in an animal model. METHODS Ventricular tachycardia (VT) was simulated by rapid ventricular pacing at a target site in eleven Yorkshire swine. The ablation target was established using three different techniques: a pacing lead placed into the ventricular wall at the mid-myocardial level (Type-1), an intracardiac mapping catheter (Type-2), and an RF ablation catheter placed at a random position on the endocardial surface (Type-3). In each experiment, one operator placed the catheter/pacing lead at the target location, while another used the ISGA system to manipulate the RF ablation catheter starting from a random ventricular location to locate the target. RESULTS The average localization error of the RF ablation catheter tip was 0.31 ± 0.08 cm. After analyzing approximately 35 cardiac cycles of simulated VT, the ISGA system's accuracy in locating the target was 0.4 cm after four catheter movements in the Type-1 experiment, 0.48 cm after six movements in the Type-2 experiment, and 0.67 cm after seven movements in the Type-3 experiment. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the feasibility of using the ISGA method to guide an ablation catheter to the origin of a VT focus by analyzing a few beats of body surface potentials without electro-anatomic mapping.
-
use of the Inverse Solution guidance algorithm method for rf ablation catheter guidance
Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 2021Co-Authors: Conor D Barrett, Tatsuya J Arai, Aneesh Bapat, Antonis A Armoundas, Richard A Cohen, Kichang LeeAbstract:We previously introduced the Inverse Solution Guidance Algorithm (ISGA) methodology using a Single Equivalent Moving Dipole model of cardiac electrical activity to localize both the exit site of a re-entrant circuit and the tip of a radiofrequency (RF) ablation catheter. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of ISGA for ablation catheter guidance in an animal model. Ventricular tachycardia (VT) was simulated by rapid ventricular pacing at a target site in eleven Yorkshire swine. The ablation target was established using three different techniques: a pacing lead placed into the ventricular wall at the mid-myocardial level (Type-1), an intracardiac mapping catheter (Type-2), and an RF ablation catheter placed at a random position on the endocardial surface (Type-3). In each experiment, one operator placed the catheter/pacing lead at the target location, while another used the ISGA system to manipulate the RF ablation catheter starting from a random ventricular location to locate the target. The average localization error of the RF ablation catheter tip was 0.31 ± 0.08 cm. After analyzing ~35 cardiac cycles of simulated VT, the ISGA system's accuracy in locating the target was 0.4 cm after 4 catheter movements in the Type-1 experiment, 0.48 cm after 6 movements in the Type-2 experiment, and 0.67 cm after 7 movements in the Type-3 experiment. We demonstrated the feasibility of using the ISGA method to guide an ablation catheter to the origin of a VT focus by analyzing a few beats of body surface potentials without electro-anatomic mapping. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
-
use of the Inverse Solution guidance algorithm method for rf ablation catheter guidance
Authorea Preprints, 2020Co-Authors: Conor D Barrett, Tatsuya J Arai, Aneesh Bapat, Antonis A Armoundas, Richard A Cohen, Kichang LeeAbstract:We previously introduced the Inverse Solution Guidance Algorithm (ISGA) methodology using a Single Equivalent Moving Dipole model of cardiac electrical activity to localize both the exit site of a re-entrant circuit and the tip of a radiofrequency (RF) ablation catheter. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of ISGA for ablation catheter guidance in an animal model. Ventricular tachycardia (VT) was simulated by rapid ventricular pacing at a target site in eleven Yorkshire swine. The ablation target was established using three different techniques: a pacing lead placed into the ventricular wall at the mid-myocardial level (Type-1), an intracardiac mapping catheter (Type-2), and an RF ablation catheter placed at a random position on the endocardial surface (Type-3). In each experiment, one operator placed the catheter/pacing lead at the target location, while another used the ISGA system to manipulate the RF ablation catheter starting from a random ventricular location to locate the target. The average localization error of the RF ablation catheter tip was 0.31 ± 0.08 cm. After analyzing ~35 cardiac cycles of simulated VT, the ISGA system’s accuracy in locating the target was 0.4 cm after 4 catheter movements in the Type-1 experiment, 0.48 cm after 6 movements in the Type-2 experiment, and 0.67 cm after 7 movements in the Type-3 experiment. We demonstrated the feasibility of using the ISGA method to guide an ablation catheter to the origin of a VT focus by analyzing a few beats of body surface potentials without electro-anatomic mapping.
Tatsuya J Arai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
use of the Inverse Solution guidance algorithm method for rf ablation catheter guidance
Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 2021Co-Authors: Conor D Barrett, Tatsuya J Arai, Aneesh Bapat, Antonis A Armoundas, Richard A Cohen, Kichang LeeAbstract:INTRODUCTION We previously introduced the Inverse Solution guidance algorithm (ISGA) methodology using a Single Equivalent Moving Dipole model of cardiac electrical activity to localize both the exit site of a re-entrant circuit and the tip of a radiofrequency (RF) ablation catheter. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of ISGA for ablation catheter guidance in an animal model. METHODS Ventricular tachycardia (VT) was simulated by rapid ventricular pacing at a target site in eleven Yorkshire swine. The ablation target was established using three different techniques: a pacing lead placed into the ventricular wall at the mid-myocardial level (Type-1), an intracardiac mapping catheter (Type-2), and an RF ablation catheter placed at a random position on the endocardial surface (Type-3). In each experiment, one operator placed the catheter/pacing lead at the target location, while another used the ISGA system to manipulate the RF ablation catheter starting from a random ventricular location to locate the target. RESULTS The average localization error of the RF ablation catheter tip was 0.31 ± 0.08 cm. After analyzing approximately 35 cardiac cycles of simulated VT, the ISGA system's accuracy in locating the target was 0.4 cm after four catheter movements in the Type-1 experiment, 0.48 cm after six movements in the Type-2 experiment, and 0.67 cm after seven movements in the Type-3 experiment. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the feasibility of using the ISGA method to guide an ablation catheter to the origin of a VT focus by analyzing a few beats of body surface potentials without electro-anatomic mapping.
-
use of the Inverse Solution guidance algorithm method for rf ablation catheter guidance
Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 2021Co-Authors: Conor D Barrett, Tatsuya J Arai, Aneesh Bapat, Antonis A Armoundas, Richard A Cohen, Kichang LeeAbstract:We previously introduced the Inverse Solution Guidance Algorithm (ISGA) methodology using a Single Equivalent Moving Dipole model of cardiac electrical activity to localize both the exit site of a re-entrant circuit and the tip of a radiofrequency (RF) ablation catheter. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of ISGA for ablation catheter guidance in an animal model. Ventricular tachycardia (VT) was simulated by rapid ventricular pacing at a target site in eleven Yorkshire swine. The ablation target was established using three different techniques: a pacing lead placed into the ventricular wall at the mid-myocardial level (Type-1), an intracardiac mapping catheter (Type-2), and an RF ablation catheter placed at a random position on the endocardial surface (Type-3). In each experiment, one operator placed the catheter/pacing lead at the target location, while another used the ISGA system to manipulate the RF ablation catheter starting from a random ventricular location to locate the target. The average localization error of the RF ablation catheter tip was 0.31 ± 0.08 cm. After analyzing ~35 cardiac cycles of simulated VT, the ISGA system's accuracy in locating the target was 0.4 cm after 4 catheter movements in the Type-1 experiment, 0.48 cm after 6 movements in the Type-2 experiment, and 0.67 cm after 7 movements in the Type-3 experiment. We demonstrated the feasibility of using the ISGA method to guide an ablation catheter to the origin of a VT focus by analyzing a few beats of body surface potentials without electro-anatomic mapping. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
-
use of the Inverse Solution guidance algorithm method for rf ablation catheter guidance
Authorea Preprints, 2020Co-Authors: Conor D Barrett, Tatsuya J Arai, Aneesh Bapat, Antonis A Armoundas, Richard A Cohen, Kichang LeeAbstract:We previously introduced the Inverse Solution Guidance Algorithm (ISGA) methodology using a Single Equivalent Moving Dipole model of cardiac electrical activity to localize both the exit site of a re-entrant circuit and the tip of a radiofrequency (RF) ablation catheter. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of ISGA for ablation catheter guidance in an animal model. Ventricular tachycardia (VT) was simulated by rapid ventricular pacing at a target site in eleven Yorkshire swine. The ablation target was established using three different techniques: a pacing lead placed into the ventricular wall at the mid-myocardial level (Type-1), an intracardiac mapping catheter (Type-2), and an RF ablation catheter placed at a random position on the endocardial surface (Type-3). In each experiment, one operator placed the catheter/pacing lead at the target location, while another used the ISGA system to manipulate the RF ablation catheter starting from a random ventricular location to locate the target. The average localization error of the RF ablation catheter tip was 0.31 ± 0.08 cm. After analyzing ~35 cardiac cycles of simulated VT, the ISGA system’s accuracy in locating the target was 0.4 cm after 4 catheter movements in the Type-1 experiment, 0.48 cm after 6 movements in the Type-2 experiment, and 0.67 cm after 7 movements in the Type-3 experiment. We demonstrated the feasibility of using the ISGA method to guide an ablation catheter to the origin of a VT focus by analyzing a few beats of body surface potentials without electro-anatomic mapping.
Antonis A Armoundas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
use of the Inverse Solution guidance algorithm method for rf ablation catheter guidance
Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 2021Co-Authors: Conor D Barrett, Tatsuya J Arai, Aneesh Bapat, Antonis A Armoundas, Richard A Cohen, Kichang LeeAbstract:INTRODUCTION We previously introduced the Inverse Solution guidance algorithm (ISGA) methodology using a Single Equivalent Moving Dipole model of cardiac electrical activity to localize both the exit site of a re-entrant circuit and the tip of a radiofrequency (RF) ablation catheter. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of ISGA for ablation catheter guidance in an animal model. METHODS Ventricular tachycardia (VT) was simulated by rapid ventricular pacing at a target site in eleven Yorkshire swine. The ablation target was established using three different techniques: a pacing lead placed into the ventricular wall at the mid-myocardial level (Type-1), an intracardiac mapping catheter (Type-2), and an RF ablation catheter placed at a random position on the endocardial surface (Type-3). In each experiment, one operator placed the catheter/pacing lead at the target location, while another used the ISGA system to manipulate the RF ablation catheter starting from a random ventricular location to locate the target. RESULTS The average localization error of the RF ablation catheter tip was 0.31 ± 0.08 cm. After analyzing approximately 35 cardiac cycles of simulated VT, the ISGA system's accuracy in locating the target was 0.4 cm after four catheter movements in the Type-1 experiment, 0.48 cm after six movements in the Type-2 experiment, and 0.67 cm after seven movements in the Type-3 experiment. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the feasibility of using the ISGA method to guide an ablation catheter to the origin of a VT focus by analyzing a few beats of body surface potentials without electro-anatomic mapping.
-
use of the Inverse Solution guidance algorithm method for rf ablation catheter guidance
Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 2021Co-Authors: Conor D Barrett, Tatsuya J Arai, Aneesh Bapat, Antonis A Armoundas, Richard A Cohen, Kichang LeeAbstract:We previously introduced the Inverse Solution Guidance Algorithm (ISGA) methodology using a Single Equivalent Moving Dipole model of cardiac electrical activity to localize both the exit site of a re-entrant circuit and the tip of a radiofrequency (RF) ablation catheter. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of ISGA for ablation catheter guidance in an animal model. Ventricular tachycardia (VT) was simulated by rapid ventricular pacing at a target site in eleven Yorkshire swine. The ablation target was established using three different techniques: a pacing lead placed into the ventricular wall at the mid-myocardial level (Type-1), an intracardiac mapping catheter (Type-2), and an RF ablation catheter placed at a random position on the endocardial surface (Type-3). In each experiment, one operator placed the catheter/pacing lead at the target location, while another used the ISGA system to manipulate the RF ablation catheter starting from a random ventricular location to locate the target. The average localization error of the RF ablation catheter tip was 0.31 ± 0.08 cm. After analyzing ~35 cardiac cycles of simulated VT, the ISGA system's accuracy in locating the target was 0.4 cm after 4 catheter movements in the Type-1 experiment, 0.48 cm after 6 movements in the Type-2 experiment, and 0.67 cm after 7 movements in the Type-3 experiment. We demonstrated the feasibility of using the ISGA method to guide an ablation catheter to the origin of a VT focus by analyzing a few beats of body surface potentials without electro-anatomic mapping. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
-
use of the Inverse Solution guidance algorithm method for rf ablation catheter guidance
Authorea Preprints, 2020Co-Authors: Conor D Barrett, Tatsuya J Arai, Aneesh Bapat, Antonis A Armoundas, Richard A Cohen, Kichang LeeAbstract:We previously introduced the Inverse Solution Guidance Algorithm (ISGA) methodology using a Single Equivalent Moving Dipole model of cardiac electrical activity to localize both the exit site of a re-entrant circuit and the tip of a radiofrequency (RF) ablation catheter. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of ISGA for ablation catheter guidance in an animal model. Ventricular tachycardia (VT) was simulated by rapid ventricular pacing at a target site in eleven Yorkshire swine. The ablation target was established using three different techniques: a pacing lead placed into the ventricular wall at the mid-myocardial level (Type-1), an intracardiac mapping catheter (Type-2), and an RF ablation catheter placed at a random position on the endocardial surface (Type-3). In each experiment, one operator placed the catheter/pacing lead at the target location, while another used the ISGA system to manipulate the RF ablation catheter starting from a random ventricular location to locate the target. The average localization error of the RF ablation catheter tip was 0.31 ± 0.08 cm. After analyzing ~35 cardiac cycles of simulated VT, the ISGA system’s accuracy in locating the target was 0.4 cm after 4 catheter movements in the Type-1 experiment, 0.48 cm after 6 movements in the Type-2 experiment, and 0.67 cm after 7 movements in the Type-3 experiment. We demonstrated the feasibility of using the ISGA method to guide an ablation catheter to the origin of a VT focus by analyzing a few beats of body surface potentials without electro-anatomic mapping.
