The Experts below are selected from a list of 1353 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Masatoshi Mita - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Relaxin-like gonad-stimulating Peptide is highly conserved in starfish Asterina pectinifera
Invertebrate Reproduction & Development, 2015Co-Authors: Narumi Ikeda, Haruka Uzawa, Misaki Daiya, Shogo Haraguchi, Kazuyoshi Tsutsui, Masatoshi MitaAbstract:Relaxin-like gonad-stimulating Peptide (RGP) in starfish is the only known Invertebrate Peptide hormone responsible for final gamete maturation, rendering it functionally analogous to gonadotropins in vertebrates. Recently, RGP was purified from the radial nerves of starfish Asterina pectinifera, which belongs to the Order Valvatida in the Class Asteroidea. A. pectinifera is an endemic Japanese species, inhabiting rocky shores from northern to southern Japanese waters. This study examined whether genetic variation or polymorphism is found in RGP. Comparing cDNA sequences of RGP in A. pectinifera from 10 local populations in Japanese waters, we found that the coding DNA sequences (CDSs) were exactly the same. This result indicated that RGP is a highly conserved Peptide in A. pectinifera. Furthermore, the CDS of RGP identified in Certonardoa semiregularis, which also belongs to Order Valvatida, was completely consistent with that of A. pectinifera. Thus, this also suggested that the chemical structure of A....
-
Nucleotide sequence and expression of relaxin-like gonad-stimulating Peptide gene in starfish Asterina pectinifera.
General and comparative endocrinology, 2015Co-Authors: Shogo Haraguchi, Narumi Ikeda, Kazuyoshi Tsutsui, Michiko Abe, Masatoshi MitaAbstract:Abstract Starfish gonad-stimulating substance (GSS) is the only known Invertebrate Peptide hormone responsible for final gamete maturation, rendering it functionally analogous to gonadotropins in vertebrates. Because GSS belongs to the relaxin-like Peptide family, we propose renaming for starfish gonadotropic hormone as relaxin-like gonad-stimulating Peptide (RGP). This study examined the primary structure and expression regulation of the RGP gene in starfish Asterina pectinifera. RGP consisted of 3896 base pairs (bp) divided over two exons, exon 1 of 208 bp and exon 2 of 2277 bp, and one intron of 1411 bp. Promoter sequences, CAAT and TATA boxes, were present in the 5′-upstream region of the coding DNA sequence of RGP. The transcript was 2485 bases (b) in length. The AAUAAA polyadenylation signal was found in 3′-untranslated region over 2 kb away from the stop codon. This showed that only 14% of the RGP mRNA was translated into the Peptide, because a size of the open-reading frame was 351 b. Furthermore, an analysis by using real-time quantitative PCR with specific primers for RGP showed that mRNA of RGP was expressed at high levels in the radial nerves. Expression was also observed in the cardiac stomachs, although the level was low, and trace levels were detected in the gonads, pyloric caeca and tube feet. This result suggests that the RGP gene is transcribed mainly in the radial nerves of A. pectinifera.
-
participation of gs proteins in the action of relaxin like gonad stimulating substance gss for 1 methyladenine production in starfish ovarian follicle cells
General and Comparative Endocrinology, 2012Co-Authors: Masatoshi Mita, Miho Watanabe, Yuki Takeshige, Kazutoshi Yamamoto, Masaru Nakamura, Yoshitaka NagahamaAbstract:Gonad-stimulating substance (GSS) in starfish is the only known Invertebrate Peptide hormone responsible for final gamete maturation, rendering it functionally analogous to gonadotropins in vertebrates. Recently, we purified GSS from radial nerves in the starfish Asterina pectinifera and identified the chemical structure as a heterodimer composed of two different Peptides (A- and B-chain) with disulfide cross-linkages. This study examined the hormonal action of GSS on ovarian follicle cells obtained from ovaries in growing (stage IV) and fully grown (stage V) stages, and particularly the mode of signal transduction. The action of GSS on 1-MeAde production by follicle cells in stage V was mediated through the production of cAMP. In contrast, GSS failed to induce 1-MeAde and cAMP production by follicle cells in stage IV. According to competitive experiments using radioiodinated and radioinert GSS, highly specific binding was observed in follicle cells, though their affinities and numbers in stage IV were inferior to those in stage V. Interestingly, Gsα was not detected immunologically in follicle cell membranes of stage IV. Gβ was also faint in stage IV. Although adenylyl cyclase activity in stage V was dose-dependently activated by GSS in the presence of GTP, neither GSS in the presence of GTP nor nonhydrolyzable GTP analogs were effective on the activity in stage IV. These findings strongly suggest that the failure of GSS to produce 1-MeAde is because of a lack of Gs-proteins in follicle cells at stage IV.
-
a relaxin like Peptide purified from radial nerves induces oocyte maturation and ovulation in the starfish asterina pectinifera
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009Co-Authors: Masatoshi Mita, Michiyasu Yoshikuni, Kaoru Ohno, Yasushi Shibata, Bindhu Paulprasanth, Suthasinee Pitchayawasin, Minoru Isobe, Yoshitaka NagahamaAbstract:Gonad-stimulating substance (GSS) of starfish is the only known Invertebrate Peptide hormone responsible for final gamete maturation, rendering it functionally analogous to the vertebrate luteinizing hormone (LH). Here, we purified GSS of starfish, Asterina pectinifera, from radial nerves and determined its amino acid sequence. The purified GSS was a heterodimer composed of 2 different Peptides, A and B chains, with disulfide cross-linkages. Based on its cysteine motif, starfish GSS was classified as a member of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)/relaxin superfamily. The cDNA of GSS encodes a preprohormone sequence with a C Peptide between the A and B chains. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that starfish GSS was a relaxin-like Peptide. Chemically synthesized GSS induced not only oocyte maturation and ovulation in isolated ovarian fragments, but also unique spawning behavior, followed by release of gametes shortly after the injection. Importantly, the action of the synthetic GSS on oocyte maturation and ovulation was mediated through the production of cAMP by isolated ovarian follicle cells, thereby producing the maturation-inducing hormone of this species, 1-methyladenine. In situ hybridization showed the transcription of GSS to occur in the periphery of radial nerves at the side of tube feet. Together, the structure, sequence, and mode of signal transduction strongly suggest that GSS is closely related to the vertebrate relaxin.
Yoshitaka Nagahama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
participation of gs proteins in the action of relaxin like gonad stimulating substance gss for 1 methyladenine production in starfish ovarian follicle cells
General and Comparative Endocrinology, 2012Co-Authors: Masatoshi Mita, Miho Watanabe, Yuki Takeshige, Kazutoshi Yamamoto, Masaru Nakamura, Yoshitaka NagahamaAbstract:Gonad-stimulating substance (GSS) in starfish is the only known Invertebrate Peptide hormone responsible for final gamete maturation, rendering it functionally analogous to gonadotropins in vertebrates. Recently, we purified GSS from radial nerves in the starfish Asterina pectinifera and identified the chemical structure as a heterodimer composed of two different Peptides (A- and B-chain) with disulfide cross-linkages. This study examined the hormonal action of GSS on ovarian follicle cells obtained from ovaries in growing (stage IV) and fully grown (stage V) stages, and particularly the mode of signal transduction. The action of GSS on 1-MeAde production by follicle cells in stage V was mediated through the production of cAMP. In contrast, GSS failed to induce 1-MeAde and cAMP production by follicle cells in stage IV. According to competitive experiments using radioiodinated and radioinert GSS, highly specific binding was observed in follicle cells, though their affinities and numbers in stage IV were inferior to those in stage V. Interestingly, Gsα was not detected immunologically in follicle cell membranes of stage IV. Gβ was also faint in stage IV. Although adenylyl cyclase activity in stage V was dose-dependently activated by GSS in the presence of GTP, neither GSS in the presence of GTP nor nonhydrolyzable GTP analogs were effective on the activity in stage IV. These findings strongly suggest that the failure of GSS to produce 1-MeAde is because of a lack of Gs-proteins in follicle cells at stage IV.
-
a relaxin like Peptide purified from radial nerves induces oocyte maturation and ovulation in the starfish asterina pectinifera
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009Co-Authors: Masatoshi Mita, Michiyasu Yoshikuni, Kaoru Ohno, Yasushi Shibata, Bindhu Paulprasanth, Suthasinee Pitchayawasin, Minoru Isobe, Yoshitaka NagahamaAbstract:Gonad-stimulating substance (GSS) of starfish is the only known Invertebrate Peptide hormone responsible for final gamete maturation, rendering it functionally analogous to the vertebrate luteinizing hormone (LH). Here, we purified GSS of starfish, Asterina pectinifera, from radial nerves and determined its amino acid sequence. The purified GSS was a heterodimer composed of 2 different Peptides, A and B chains, with disulfide cross-linkages. Based on its cysteine motif, starfish GSS was classified as a member of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)/relaxin superfamily. The cDNA of GSS encodes a preprohormone sequence with a C Peptide between the A and B chains. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that starfish GSS was a relaxin-like Peptide. Chemically synthesized GSS induced not only oocyte maturation and ovulation in isolated ovarian fragments, but also unique spawning behavior, followed by release of gametes shortly after the injection. Importantly, the action of the synthetic GSS on oocyte maturation and ovulation was mediated through the production of cAMP by isolated ovarian follicle cells, thereby producing the maturation-inducing hormone of this species, 1-methyladenine. In situ hybridization showed the transcription of GSS to occur in the periphery of radial nerves at the side of tube feet. Together, the structure, sequence, and mode of signal transduction strongly suggest that GSS is closely related to the vertebrate relaxin.
Shogo Haraguchi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Relaxin-like gonad-stimulating Peptide is highly conserved in starfish Asterina pectinifera
Invertebrate Reproduction & Development, 2015Co-Authors: Narumi Ikeda, Haruka Uzawa, Misaki Daiya, Shogo Haraguchi, Kazuyoshi Tsutsui, Masatoshi MitaAbstract:Relaxin-like gonad-stimulating Peptide (RGP) in starfish is the only known Invertebrate Peptide hormone responsible for final gamete maturation, rendering it functionally analogous to gonadotropins in vertebrates. Recently, RGP was purified from the radial nerves of starfish Asterina pectinifera, which belongs to the Order Valvatida in the Class Asteroidea. A. pectinifera is an endemic Japanese species, inhabiting rocky shores from northern to southern Japanese waters. This study examined whether genetic variation or polymorphism is found in RGP. Comparing cDNA sequences of RGP in A. pectinifera from 10 local populations in Japanese waters, we found that the coding DNA sequences (CDSs) were exactly the same. This result indicated that RGP is a highly conserved Peptide in A. pectinifera. Furthermore, the CDS of RGP identified in Certonardoa semiregularis, which also belongs to Order Valvatida, was completely consistent with that of A. pectinifera. Thus, this also suggested that the chemical structure of A....
-
Nucleotide sequence and expression of relaxin-like gonad-stimulating Peptide gene in starfish Asterina pectinifera.
General and comparative endocrinology, 2015Co-Authors: Shogo Haraguchi, Narumi Ikeda, Kazuyoshi Tsutsui, Michiko Abe, Masatoshi MitaAbstract:Abstract Starfish gonad-stimulating substance (GSS) is the only known Invertebrate Peptide hormone responsible for final gamete maturation, rendering it functionally analogous to gonadotropins in vertebrates. Because GSS belongs to the relaxin-like Peptide family, we propose renaming for starfish gonadotropic hormone as relaxin-like gonad-stimulating Peptide (RGP). This study examined the primary structure and expression regulation of the RGP gene in starfish Asterina pectinifera. RGP consisted of 3896 base pairs (bp) divided over two exons, exon 1 of 208 bp and exon 2 of 2277 bp, and one intron of 1411 bp. Promoter sequences, CAAT and TATA boxes, were present in the 5′-upstream region of the coding DNA sequence of RGP. The transcript was 2485 bases (b) in length. The AAUAAA polyadenylation signal was found in 3′-untranslated region over 2 kb away from the stop codon. This showed that only 14% of the RGP mRNA was translated into the Peptide, because a size of the open-reading frame was 351 b. Furthermore, an analysis by using real-time quantitative PCR with specific primers for RGP showed that mRNA of RGP was expressed at high levels in the radial nerves. Expression was also observed in the cardiac stomachs, although the level was low, and trace levels were detected in the gonads, pyloric caeca and tube feet. This result suggests that the RGP gene is transcribed mainly in the radial nerves of A. pectinifera.
Colin F. Johnston - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
A cytochemical study of the nervous system of the proteocephalidean cestode, Proteocephalus pollanicola
International journal for parasitology, 1993Co-Authors: Nicola Marks, David W. Halton, Christopher Shaw, Colin F. JohnstonAbstract:Abstract Marks N. J. , Halton D. W. , Shaw C. and Johnston C. F. 1993. A cytochemical study of the nervous system of the proteocephalidean cestode, Proteocephalus pollanicola. International Journal for Parasitology 23 : 617–625. The localization and distribution of cholinergic, serotoninergic and Peptidergic nerve elements in the proteocephalidean tapeworm, Proteocephalus pollanicola , have been investigated by enzyme histochemistry, and by an indirect immunofluorescence technique interfaced with confocal scanning laser microscopy. Cholinesterase (ChE) activity was localized in the major components of the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), including the innervation of the reproductive structures of the worm. Serotoninergic (5-HT) nerves were found in the paired cerebral ganglia, transverse commissure and in the 10 longitudinal nerve cords. Antisera to 17 mammalian regulatory Peptides and the Invertebrate Peptide FMRFamide have been used to explore the Peptidergic nervous system of the worm. The most extensive immunostaining occurred with antisera raised to members of the neuroPeptide Y superfamily, namely neuroPeptide Y (NPY), Peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polyPeptide (PP). In all cases, intense immunoreactivity was found in numerous cell bodies and fibres of both the CNS and PNS, including the innervation of the reproductive apparatus. FMRFamide antisera stained the same structures to a comparable degree as those raised to the NPY superfamily. Cholinergic and Peptidergic elements were much more prevalent within the CNS, while the serotoninergic nerve fibres tended to dominate in the PNS. The overlap obtained in staining patterns for the Peptidergic and cholinergic components suggests that there may be a certain amount of co-localization of Peptides with small-molecule transmitter substances in the same neurone. Weak staining for the tachykinin, substance P and for calcitonin gene-related Peptide (CGRP) was confined to the major longitudinal nerve cords.
Narumi Ikeda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Relaxin-like gonad-stimulating Peptide is highly conserved in starfish Asterina pectinifera
Invertebrate Reproduction & Development, 2015Co-Authors: Narumi Ikeda, Haruka Uzawa, Misaki Daiya, Shogo Haraguchi, Kazuyoshi Tsutsui, Masatoshi MitaAbstract:Relaxin-like gonad-stimulating Peptide (RGP) in starfish is the only known Invertebrate Peptide hormone responsible for final gamete maturation, rendering it functionally analogous to gonadotropins in vertebrates. Recently, RGP was purified from the radial nerves of starfish Asterina pectinifera, which belongs to the Order Valvatida in the Class Asteroidea. A. pectinifera is an endemic Japanese species, inhabiting rocky shores from northern to southern Japanese waters. This study examined whether genetic variation or polymorphism is found in RGP. Comparing cDNA sequences of RGP in A. pectinifera from 10 local populations in Japanese waters, we found that the coding DNA sequences (CDSs) were exactly the same. This result indicated that RGP is a highly conserved Peptide in A. pectinifera. Furthermore, the CDS of RGP identified in Certonardoa semiregularis, which also belongs to Order Valvatida, was completely consistent with that of A. pectinifera. Thus, this also suggested that the chemical structure of A....
-
Nucleotide sequence and expression of relaxin-like gonad-stimulating Peptide gene in starfish Asterina pectinifera.
General and comparative endocrinology, 2015Co-Authors: Shogo Haraguchi, Narumi Ikeda, Kazuyoshi Tsutsui, Michiko Abe, Masatoshi MitaAbstract:Abstract Starfish gonad-stimulating substance (GSS) is the only known Invertebrate Peptide hormone responsible for final gamete maturation, rendering it functionally analogous to gonadotropins in vertebrates. Because GSS belongs to the relaxin-like Peptide family, we propose renaming for starfish gonadotropic hormone as relaxin-like gonad-stimulating Peptide (RGP). This study examined the primary structure and expression regulation of the RGP gene in starfish Asterina pectinifera. RGP consisted of 3896 base pairs (bp) divided over two exons, exon 1 of 208 bp and exon 2 of 2277 bp, and one intron of 1411 bp. Promoter sequences, CAAT and TATA boxes, were present in the 5′-upstream region of the coding DNA sequence of RGP. The transcript was 2485 bases (b) in length. The AAUAAA polyadenylation signal was found in 3′-untranslated region over 2 kb away from the stop codon. This showed that only 14% of the RGP mRNA was translated into the Peptide, because a size of the open-reading frame was 351 b. Furthermore, an analysis by using real-time quantitative PCR with specific primers for RGP showed that mRNA of RGP was expressed at high levels in the radial nerves. Expression was also observed in the cardiac stomachs, although the level was low, and trace levels were detected in the gonads, pyloric caeca and tube feet. This result suggests that the RGP gene is transcribed mainly in the radial nerves of A. pectinifera.
