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Matthieu Tubino - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a simple fast and green titrimetric method for the determination of the Iodine Value of vegetable oils without wijs solution icl
Food Analytical Methods, 2016Co-Authors: Gustavo G Shimamoto, Juliana A Aricetti, Matthieu TubinoAbstract:A simple titrimetric method for the determination of the Iodine Value of vegetable oils is proposed. Water is used as the principal solvent, and ethanol is employed to dissolve the oil samples and to prepare a standard Iodine solution. The determinations made by the proposed method were compared with the procedure described in the American Oil Chemists’ Society Cd-1-25 method, which is essentially the Wijs method and uses Wijs solution (ICl). Vegetable oils from 15 different sources were analyzed using the two methods, and a statistical comparison between them showed that both methods offer equivalent results and precision. As advantages, the proposed procedure is simpler, faster, greener (with significantly less toxic chemicals), and of lower cost (ten times cheaper) compared with the Wijs method.
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simple methods via mid ir or 1 h nmr spectroscopy for the determination of the Iodine Value of vegetable oils
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2015Co-Authors: Gustavo G Shimamoto, Martha Maria Andreotti Favaro, Matthieu TubinoAbstract:Two methods for determining the Iodine Value in vegetable oils are described. One employs mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectroscopy and the other uses hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). The determination of the Iodine Value is based on either the transmittance intensity of mid-IR signals or on the 1H NMR signal integration and multivariate calibration. Both of the methods showed adequate coefficients of determination (r2 = 0.9974 and 0.9978, respectively) when compared to Wijs method, which is recommended by the norm EN 14111. A statistical comparison between the results from the proposed methods and from Wijs method shows that both instrumental methods offer equivalent results and greater precisions compared to Wijs method. The regressions obtained from the constructed models were considered statistically significant and useful for making predictions. The proposed methods present several advantages compared to Wijs method because they significantly reduce analysis time, reagent consumption and waste generation. Furthermore, an analyst can choose between the mid-IR or 1H NMR to determine the Iodine Value.
Gustavo G Shimamoto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a simple fast and green titrimetric method for the determination of the Iodine Value of vegetable oils without wijs solution icl
Food Analytical Methods, 2016Co-Authors: Gustavo G Shimamoto, Juliana A Aricetti, Matthieu TubinoAbstract:A simple titrimetric method for the determination of the Iodine Value of vegetable oils is proposed. Water is used as the principal solvent, and ethanol is employed to dissolve the oil samples and to prepare a standard Iodine solution. The determinations made by the proposed method were compared with the procedure described in the American Oil Chemists’ Society Cd-1-25 method, which is essentially the Wijs method and uses Wijs solution (ICl). Vegetable oils from 15 different sources were analyzed using the two methods, and a statistical comparison between them showed that both methods offer equivalent results and precision. As advantages, the proposed procedure is simpler, faster, greener (with significantly less toxic chemicals), and of lower cost (ten times cheaper) compared with the Wijs method.
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simple methods via mid ir or 1 h nmr spectroscopy for the determination of the Iodine Value of vegetable oils
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2015Co-Authors: Gustavo G Shimamoto, Martha Maria Andreotti Favaro, Matthieu TubinoAbstract:Two methods for determining the Iodine Value in vegetable oils are described. One employs mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectroscopy and the other uses hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). The determination of the Iodine Value is based on either the transmittance intensity of mid-IR signals or on the 1H NMR signal integration and multivariate calibration. Both of the methods showed adequate coefficients of determination (r2 = 0.9974 and 0.9978, respectively) when compared to Wijs method, which is recommended by the norm EN 14111. A statistical comparison between the results from the proposed methods and from Wijs method shows that both instrumental methods offer equivalent results and greater precisions compared to Wijs method. The regressions obtained from the constructed models were considered statistically significant and useful for making predictions. The proposed methods present several advantages compared to Wijs method because they significantly reduce analysis time, reagent consumption and waste generation. Furthermore, an analyst can choose between the mid-IR or 1H NMR to determine the Iodine Value.
Nuria Prieto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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using portable near infrared spectroscopy to predict pig subcutaneous fat composition and Iodine Value
Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 2017Co-Authors: Nuria Prieto, M E R Dugan, M Juarez, O Lopezcampos, R T Zijlstra, J L AalhusAbstract:This study tested the potential of portable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict fatty acids (FA) composition and Iodine Value (IV) of pig subcutaneous fat. Following carcass splitting, the inner layer of subcutaneous fat at the shoulder from the left carcass side was scanned using a hand-held NIRS probe (350–2500 nm) and analysed for FA composition using gas chromatography. The NIRS successfully predicted the total polysaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and n-3 FA proportions, polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids (PUFA/SFA) ratio, and IV (R2 = 0.90–0.95; root-mean-square error of prediction, RMSEP = 0.019%–1.03% total FA). This portable technology also met the requirements for a quick screening of the proportions of total SFA, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and n-6 FA, n-6/n-3 ratio, and some individual FA such as C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 (R2 = 0.80–0.89; RMSEP = 0.37%–1.11% total FA). However, unreliable predictions were found for other individual FA with low variability (coefficient of variation = ...
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real time prediction of backfat composition and Iodine Value by portable near infrared spectroscopy in a diverse population of pigs
Meat and Muscle Biology, 2017Co-Authors: Nuria Prieto, M E R Dugan, M Juarez, O Lopezcampos, R T Zijlstra, J L AalhusAbstract:ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to test the potential of portable near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict the fatty acid (FA) composition and Iodine Value (IV) of backfat in real time at the abattoir using a large and variable population of pigs.Materials and MethodsIn total, 357 pigs from various genetic backgrounds (Duroc, Lacombe, Iberian crossbreds), genders, diets (commercial, high oleic acid, high ɑ-linolenic acid), and slaughter weights (either 120 or 140 kg) were raised at the Lacombe Research and Development Centre (LaRDC-Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada). At slaughter, pigs were stunned, exsanguinated, dressed, pasteurized and eviscerated at the LaRDC federally-inspected abattoir. Following carcass splitting, at 45 min post mortem a clean cut surface of the inner layer of backfat from the left side was transversely scanned (350 to 2,500 nm) at the shoulder, using a hand-held ASD fiber-optics pro-reflectance probe attached to a portable LabSpec 4 Standard-Res spectrometer (Analytical Spectral Device-ASD Inc.). Following collection of NIR spectra, a representative 5-g sample of the inner backfat layer was collected from each pig and stored at -80°C until FA profiles were analyzed by gas chromatography (Turner et al., 2014). Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to estimate FA proportions, ratios and IV, using spectra as independent variables.ResultsNIRS successfully predicted the total polyunsaturated and n-3 FA proportions, polyunsaturated/saturated ratio and IV (R2 > 0.90; ratio performance deviation, RPD > 3.0). This portable technology also met the requirements for a quick screening of the proportions of total saturated, monounsaturated and n-6 FA, n-6/n-3 ratio, and some individual FA such as C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 (0.80 < R2 < 0.89; 2.10 < RPD < 2.63). Conversely, unreliable estimations were observed for other individual FA such as C16:0, C18:0 and C18:1 (R2 = 0.60 to 0.77; RPD < 1.80), probably due to their low variability (coefficient of variation = 4 to 8%).ConclusionPortable NIR spectroscopy can be used as a fast, online tool to successfully predict fatty acid composition and Iodine Value of backfat from pig carcasses. The abattoir implementation of this technology, to collect spectra directly on the carcass, opens new possibilities for early sorting of carcasses based on fat composition or hardness for marketing purposes. Application of this technology may provide benefits including development of quality standards and payment grids for different fat qualities, use by specialty pork producers for product development and quality control, and use by pig breeding companies to assist in selection for desirable fat quality. Further testing of this technology on fast-moving abattoir processing lines is still required.
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predicting fat quality from pigs fed reduced oil corn dried distillers grains with solubles by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy fatty acid composition and Iodine Value
Meat Science, 2014Co-Authors: Malachy Gabriel Young, Bethany Uttaro, V. Zamora, Cletos Mapiye, Michael E R Dugan, Nuria Prieto, T D Turner, Eduardo BeltranenaAbstract:Abstract This study tested the ability of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to estimate the fatty acid (FA) composition and Iodine Value (IV) of backfat from carcasses of pigs fed reduced-oil corn dried distillers grains with solubles. NIRS was suitable for screening purposes for the proportions of total saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, n − 3 and n − 6 FAs and some individual FAs such as C16:0, C18:1, C18:2n − 6 and C18:3n − 3 ( R 2 = 0.80–0.89; RMSECVs, root mean square errors of cross-validation = 0.21–1.37% total FA) in both cold and warm intact backfat samples. This technology also met the requirements for a quick screening for the backfat IV in both cold and warm intact samples ( R 2 = 0.90 and 0.87; RMSECVs = 1.66 and 1.80% total FA, respectively), which would help provide differential feed-back to pig producers and the feed industry and may provide the opportunity for breeding pigs for a desirable fat quality.
Fábio R.p. Rocha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A spot test for Iodine Value determination in biodiesel based on digital images exploiting a smartphone
Microchemical Journal, 2017Co-Authors: Samara Soares, Manoel J.a. Lima, Fábio R.p. RochaAbstract:Abstract A spot test was developed for indirect determination of Iodine Value in biodiesel by using digital images taken by a smartphone. The procedure is based on the Iodine consumption in the halogenation reaction of unsaturated compounds in biodiesel. The remaining reagent was determined after complex formation with starch, thus circumventing the background absorption inherent to biodiesel samples. The images were captured using the cell phone camera in a paper support and converted to RGB Values using free application software (PhotoMetrix® 1.1.1). The reflectance Values from the red channel were inversely proportional to the color intensity because of the complementary color of the Iodine-starch complex. Hexane was used for diluting a biodiesel reference sample, whose Iodine Value was predetermined by the Friedman method for constructing the calibration curves. A linear response was observed in the range 10–106 g I2/100 g of biodiesel, as described by the equation S = 155 + 0.722C (g I2/100 g), r = 0.990. Coefficient of variation and the detection limit were estimated as 4.9% (n = 10) and 8 g I2/100 g, respectively. The spot test consumed only 49 μg of I2 and generated 64 μL of effluent per determination. Analytical responses for biodiesel derived from different sources were in agreement, thus demonstrating the absence of matrix effects. These results agreed with those of the iodometric reference procedure at the 95% confidence level. The proposed procedure, which is the first application of a spot test for biodiesel analysis, is practical, inexpensive, and robust. Moreover, it uses less toxic chemicals and minimizes reagent amount and waste generation in relation to the usual methods for Iodine Value determination.
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liquid liquid microextraction in a multicommuted flow system for direct spectrophotometric determination of Iodine Value in biodiesel
Analytica Chimica Acta, 2014Co-Authors: Andréia C. Pereira, Fábio R.p. RochaAbstract:Abstract A flow-based procedure was developed for the direct spectrophotometric determination of the Iodine Value (IV) in biodiesel. The procedure was based on the microextraction/reaction of unsaturated compounds with triiodide ions in an aqueous medium by inserting the reagent solution between the aliquots of biodiesel without any pretreatment. The interaction occurred through the biodiesel film formed on the inner walls of the hydrophobic tube used as the reactor and at the aqueous/biodiesel interfaces. The spectrophotometric detection was based on the discoloration of the I 3 − reagent in the aqueous phase by using a glass tube coupled to a fiber-optic spectrophotometer as the detection cell. Reference solutions were prepared by dilution of biodiesel samples with previously determined IV in hexane. The analytical response was linear for IV from 13 to 135 g I 2 /100 g with a detection limit of 5 g I 2 /100 g. A coefficient of variation of 1.7% ( n = 10) and a sampling rate of 108 determinations per hour were achieved by consuming 224 μL of the sample and 200 μg of I 2 per determination. The slopes of analytical curves obtained with three different biodiesel samples were in agreement (variations in slopes lower than 3.1%), thus indicating an absence of any matrix effects. Results for biodiesel samples from different sources agreed with the volumetric official procedure at the 95% confidence level. The proposed procedure is therefore a simple, fast, and reliable alternative for estimating the Iodine Value of biodiesel.
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Liquid–liquid microextraction in a multicommuted flow system for direct spectrophotometric determination of Iodine Value in biodiesel
Analytica Chimica Acta, 2014Co-Authors: Andréia C. Pereira, Fábio R.p. RochaAbstract:Abstract A flow-based procedure was developed for the direct spectrophotometric determination of the Iodine Value (IV) in biodiesel. The procedure was based on the microextraction/reaction of unsaturated compounds with triiodide ions in an aqueous medium by inserting the reagent solution between the aliquots of biodiesel without any pretreatment. The interaction occurred through the biodiesel film formed on the inner walls of the hydrophobic tube used as the reactor and at the aqueous/biodiesel interfaces. The spectrophotometric detection was based on the discoloration of the I 3 − reagent in the aqueous phase by using a glass tube coupled to a fiber-optic spectrophotometer as the detection cell. Reference solutions were prepared by dilution of biodiesel samples with previously determined IV in hexane. The analytical response was linear for IV from 13 to 135 g I 2 /100 g with a detection limit of 5 g I 2 /100 g. A coefficient of variation of 1.7% ( n = 10) and a sampling rate of 108 determinations per hour were achieved by consuming 224 μL of the sample and 200 μg of I 2 per determination. The slopes of analytical curves obtained with three different biodiesel samples were in agreement (variations in slopes lower than 3.1%), thus indicating an absence of any matrix effects. Results for biodiesel samples from different sources agreed with the volumetric official procedure at the 95% confidence level. The proposed procedure is therefore a simple, fast, and reliable alternative for estimating the Iodine Value of biodiesel.
J F Patience - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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prediction of porcine carcass Iodine Value based on diet composition and fatty acid intake1
Journal of Animal Science, 2016Co-Authors: T A Kellner, G Gourley, S Wisdom, J F PatienceAbstract:The pig industry uses a variety of fat sources (FS) and fat levels (FL) in diets to increase energy content. The objective was to investigate the impact of FS and FL on rate and efficiency of gain, apparent total tract digestibility of dietary fat, and pork fat composition and test dietary predictors of carcass Iodine Value (IV). A total of 1,213 pigs (PIC 280 × PIC Camborough 42; PIC, Inc., Hendersonville, TN) with an initial BW of 32.0 ± 0.4 kg were randomly allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments on d 0. Treatments were arranged as a 2 × 3 factorial, with 2 FS, choice white grease (CWG; IV = 66.8) and corn oil (COIL; IV = 123.2), and 3 FL, 2, 4, or 6%. Ten pens of approximately 20 pigs each (0.70 m/pig) were randomly assigned to each of the 6 treatments. All pigs were on trial for 105 d. Pigs were harvested in 1 of 3 marketing pulls, to achieve an ideal market BW across differing rates of gain, at which time belly fat samples were collected (d 105 [457 pigs], 117 [309 pigs], or 134 [432 pigs]). Diet and belly fat samples were analyzed for fatty acid profile. Daily rate of gain was not impacted by FS or FL ( ≤ 0.325). Increasing FL and dietary energy concentration increased G:F ( < 0.001). No difference was evident for G:F between FS ( = 0.107). Increasing FL of CWG resulted in greater daily intake of SFA and MUFA than increasing FL of COIL ( < 0.001). Increasing levels of COIL resulted in greater daily intake of PUFA than increasing levels of CWG ( ≤ 0.012). Feeding CWG tended to result in great caloric efficiency adjusted for carcass yield than feeding COIL ( = 0.074). The inclusion of COIL instead of CWG tended to increase true total tract digestion of acid hydrolyzed ether extract on d 39 ( = 0.066) but not on d 104 ( = 0.402). Increasing COIL increased carcass IV at a greater magnitude than increasing CWG, resulting in a FS × FL interaction on d 105, 117, and 134 ( < 0.001). Dietary linoleic acid concentration and daily intake had a stronger linear relationship than IV product (IVP; = 0.95 vs. = 0.94 vs. = 0.85, respectively). In conclusion, limiting linoleic acid dietary concentration and intake is key to lowering carcass IV. To meet a carcass IV standard of 74 g/100 g, linoleic acid concentration had to be <3.4% and intake had to be <88 g/d. Dietary linoleic acid is a superior predictor of carcass IV compared with IVP, especially when high-fat diets are used.
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comparison among gilts physical castrates entire males and immunological castrates in terms of growth performance nitrogen and phosphorus retention and carcass fat Iodine Value
Journal of Animal Science, 2015Co-Authors: A J Elsbernd, Kenneth J Stalder, Locke A Karriker, J F PatienceAbstract:The main objective was to determine the nitrogen and P retention and energy digestibility of immunological castrates (IC), entire males (EM), physical castrates (PC), and gilts (G) during 3 growth phases. A second objective was to compare growth performance among the sexes. The final objective was to determine the carcass Iodine Value (IV) among the sexes. Twelve individually housed pigs (PIC 337 × C22/29) of each sex with an initial mean BW of 35.7 ± 0.6 kg and a final BW of 145.0 ± 1.3 kg were evaluated. Anti-gonadotropin-releasing factor injections were administered at d 23 and 15 for groups 1 and 2, respectively. The second injection was given on d 56 of the 98-d experiment. Nitrogen, P, and energy digestibility were measured the last 3 d of the 10-d metabolism period starting at mean BW of 39.5 ± 0.6, 73.7 ± 0.8, and 105.5 ± 0.9 kg for periods 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The third collection started 14 d after the second injection. Entire males and IC had superior overall ADG compared to PC and G ( 0.05). In the third collection period, nitrogen retention of IC was similar to that of both EM and PC ( 0.05). However, G retained less P than EM or IC ( 0.05). The jowl IV was the lowest in IC and PC and highest in EM, with G being similar to all sexes ( < 0.05). For the belly, EM had the highest IV, with the other 3 sexes being similar. In conclusion, 2 wk after the second injection, IC transition to become more similar to PC in terms of nitrogen utilization but are still similar to EM in P utilization. These data suggest a feeding program for IC that is intermediate between EM and PC is required to meet their nutritional requirements.
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the impact of dietary fat withdrawal on carcass Iodine Value belly characteristics and changes in body fat over time
Journal of Animal Science, 2015Co-Authors: T A Kellner, K J Prusa, J F PatienceAbstract:The inclusion of unsaturated fats in pig diets has raised issues related to pork carcass fat qual- ity. The objective of this experiment was to understand how withdrawal from the diet of unsaturated dietary fat before slaughter impacts the composition of jowl fat during the growth cycle and at market. Fifty individu- ally housed pigs (PIC 337 × C22/29; initial BW = 59.3 ± 0.55 kg) were allotted based on sex and initial BW to 10 treatments for an 82-d experiment as follows: 3 dietary fat withdrawal times before slaughter (21, 42, or 63 d) by 3 dietary fat unsaturation loads (DFUL), which includea high intake of unsaturated fatty acids supplied through an inclusion of 5% corn oil (HIGH), a high intake of a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids supplied through an inclusion of 5% animal-vegetable blend (MED), and a moderate intake of unsaturated fatty acids supplied through an inclusion of 2.5% corn oil (LOW). Pigs were weighed and jowl adipose samples were col- lected on d 0, 21, 42, and 63 and at harvest on d 82. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED with treatment and sex as fixed effects. At market (d 82), increasing the with- drawal of dietary fat further away from market increased 18:1 (P = 0.045) and tended to increase 14:0 concen- trations (P = 0.054). It also significantly decreased 18:2 (P < 0.001) and tended to decrease 18:3 concentrations (P = 0.081). A HIGH DFUL resulted in the greatest 18:2 concentrations in jowl fat followed by LOW; MED resulted in the lowest 18:2 levels (P < 0.001). Dietary fat withdrawal before market significantly reduced carcass Iodine Value (IV) measured at d 82 (P = 0.006). In con- clusion, elevated 18:2 intake makes lowering carcass IV in the depot fat very difficult and may take as long as 61 d. The withdrawal of unsaturated dietary fat appar- ently altered the fat depot to be more reflective of fat synthesized de novo, resulting in a more saturated depot fat. Importantly, this alteration of deposited fat compo- sition did not translate into improved belly firmness, depth, weight, or fat color.
