The Experts below are selected from a list of 16065 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Linda D Rhodes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • stable isotope based trophic structure of pelagic fish and Jellyfish across natural and anthropogenic landscape gradients in a fjord estuary
    Ecology and Evolution, 2016
    Co-Authors: Sean M Naman, Correigh M Greene, Casimir A Rice, Joshua Chamberlin, Letitia L Conwaycranos, Jeffery R Cordell, Jason E Hall, Linda D Rhodes
    Abstract:

    : Identifying causes of structural ecosystem shifts often requires understanding trophic structure, an important determinant of energy flow in ecological communities. In coastal pelagic ecosystems worldwide, increasing Jellyfish (Cnidaria and Ctenophora) at the expense of small fish has been linked to anthropogenic alteration of basal trophic pathways. However, this hypothesis remains untested in part because baseline description of fish-Jellyfish trophic dynamics, and the environmental features that influence them are lacking. Using stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N), we examined spatiotemporal patterns of fish and Jellyfish trophic structure in greater Puget Sound, an urbanizing fjord estuary in the NW United States. We quantified niche positions of constituent species, niche widths and trophic overlap between fish and Jellyfish assemblages, and several community-level trophic diversity metrics (resource diversity, trophic length, and niche widths) of fish and Jellyfish combined. We then related assemblage- and community-level measures to landscape gradients of terrestrial-marine connectivity and anthropogenic influence in adjacent catchments. Relative niche positions among species varied considerably and displayed no clear pattern except that fish generally had higher δ15N and lower δ13C relative to Jellyfish, which resulted in low assemblage-level trophic overlap. Fish assemblages had larger niche widths than Jellyfish in most cases and, along with whole community trophic diversity, exhibited contrasting seasonal patterns across oceanographic basins, which was positively correlated to landscape variation in terrestrial connectivity. In contrast, Jellyfish niche widths were unrelated to terrestrial connectivity, but weakly negatively correlated to urban land use in adjacent catchments. Our results indicate that fish-Jellyfish trophic structure is highly heterogeneous and that disparate processes may underlie the trophic ecology of these taxa; consequently, they may respond divergently to environmental change. In addition, spatiotemporal variation in ecosystem connectivity, in this case through freshwater influence, may influence trophic structure across heterogeneous landscapes.

  • Stable isotope‐based trophic structure of pelagic fish and Jellyfish across natural and anthropogenic landscape gradients in a fjord estuary
    Ecology and Evolution, 2016
    Co-Authors: Sean M Naman, Correigh M Greene, Casimir A Rice, Joshua Chamberlin, Jeffery R Cordell, Jason E Hall, Letitia L. Conway-cranos, Linda D Rhodes
    Abstract:

    Identifying causes of structural ecosystem shifts often requires understanding trophic structure, an important determinant of energy flow in ecological communities. In coastal pelagic ecosystems worldwide, increasing Jellyfish (Cnidaria and Ctenophora) at the expense of small fish has been linked to anthropogenic alteration of basal trophic pathways. However, this hypothesis remains untested in part because baseline description of fish–Jellyfish trophic dynamics, and the environmental features that influence them are lacking. Using stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N), we examined spatiotemporal patterns of fish and Jellyfish trophic structure in greater Puget Sound, an urbanizing fjord estuary in the NW United States. We quantified niche positions of constituent species, niche widths and trophic overlap between fish and Jellyfish assemblages, and several community-level trophic diversity metrics (resource diversity, trophic length, and niche widths) of fish and Jellyfish combined. We then related assemblage- and community-level measures to landscape gradients of terrestrial–marine connectivity and anthropogenic influence in adjacent catchments. Relative niche positions among species varied considerably and displayed no clear pattern except that fish generally had higher δ15N and lower δ13C relative to Jellyfish, which resulted in low assemblage-level trophic overlap. Fish assemblages had larger niche widths than Jellyfish in most cases and, along with whole community trophic diversity, exhibited contrasting seasonal patterns across oceanographic basins, which was positively correlated to landscape variation in terrestrial connectivity. In contrast, Jellyfish niche widths were unrelated to terrestrial connectivity, but weakly negatively correlated to urban land use in adjacent catchments. Our results indicate that fish–Jellyfish trophic structure is highly heterogeneous and that disparate processes may underlie the trophic ecology of these taxa; consequently, they may respond divergently to environmental change. In addition, spatiotemporal variation in ecosystem connectivity, in this case through freshwater influence, may influence trophic structure across heterogeneous landscapes.

Jennifer E Purcell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Jellyfish blooms: advances and challenges
    Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2018
    Co-Authors: Veronica Fuentes, Robert H. Condon, Jennifer E Purcell, Fabien Lombard, Cathy H. Lucas
    Abstract:

    As Jellyfish interactions with humans increase in coastal waters, there is an urgent need to provide science-based management strategies to mitigate the negative socioeconomic impacts of Jellyfish blooms and to exploit potential benefits of their ecosystem services. This Theme Section presents the latest advances in Jellyfish research, from new sampling methods to food-web and life-cycle studies. The methodological advances presented will help to overcome difficulties in sampling due to the fluctuations in abundance and irregular distributions of Jellyfish. The ecology of gelatinous species in marine food webs is explored through studying interactions between Jellyfish and fish. Aspects of Jellyfish life cycles, which often include both attached polyps and swimming medusae, are elucidated by locating the polyps and determining the factors that contribute to their success. Knowledge on all of these factors will be essential to understand the bloom dynamics of specific Jellyfish groups.

  • linking human well being and Jellyfish ecosystem services impacts and societal responses
    Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 2014
    Co-Authors: William M. Graham, Jennifer E Purcell, Carlos M. Duarte, Kelly L. Robinson, Hermes Mianzan, Lucas Brotz, Stefan Gelcich, Laurence P Madin, Kelly R. Sutherland
    Abstract:

    Jellyfish are usually perceived as harmful to humans and are seen as “pests”. This negative perception has hindered knowledge regarding their value in terms of ecosystem services. As humans increasingly modify and interact with coastal ecosystems, it is important to evaluate the benefits and costs of Jellyfish, given that Jellyfish bloom size, frequency, duration, and extent are apparently increasing in some regions of the world. Here we explore those benefits and costs as categorized by regulating, supporting, cultural, and provisioning ecosystem services. A geographical perspective of human vulnerability to Jellyfish over four categories of human well-being (health care, food, energy, and freshwater production) is also discussed in the context of thresholds and trade-offs to enable social adaptation. Whereas beneficial services provided by Jellyfish likely scale linearly with biomass (perhaps peaking at a saturation point), non-linear thresholds exist for negative impacts to ecosystem services. We sugge...

  • Jellyfish as prey frequency of predation and selective foraging of boops boops vertebrata actinopterygii on the mauve stinger pelagia noctiluca cnidaria scyphozoa
    PLOS ONE, 2014
    Co-Authors: Giacomo Milisenda, Jennifer E Purcell, Veronica Fuentes, Sara Rosa, Ferdinando Boero, Letterio Guglielmo, Stefano Piraino
    Abstract:

    In recent years, Jellyfish blooms have attracted considerable scientific interest for their potential impacts on human activities and ecosystem functioning, with much attention paid to Jellyfish as predators and to gelatinous biomass as a carbon sink. Other than qualitative data and observations, few studies have quantified direct predation of fish on Jellyfish to clarify whether they may represent a seasonally abundant food source. Here we estimate predation frequency by the commercially valuable Mediterranean bogue, Boops boops on the mauve stinger Jellyfish, Pelagia noctiluca, in the Strait of Messina (NE Sicily). A total of 1054 Jellyfish were sampled throughout one year to quantify predation by B. boops from bite marks on partially eaten Jellyfish and energy density of the Jellyfish. Predation by B. boops in summer was almost twice that in winter, and they selectively fed according to medusa gender and body part. Calorimetric analysis and biochemical composition showed that female Jellyfish gonads had significantly higher energy content than male gonads due to more lipids and that gonads had six-fold higher energy content than the somatic tissues due to higher lipid and protein concentrations. Energetically, Jellyfish gonads represent a highly rewarding food source, largely available to B. boops throughout spring and summer. During the remainder of the year, when gonads were not very evident, fish predation switched towards less-selective foraging on the somatic gelatinous biomass. P. noctiluca, the most abundant Jellyfish species in the Mediterranean Sea and a key planktonic predator, may represent not only a nuisance for human leisure activities and a source of mortality for fish eggs and larvae, but also an important resource for fish species of commercial value, such as B. boops.

  • Jellyfish as products and problems of aquaculture
    Advances in Aquaculture Hatchery Technology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Jennifer E Purcell, E. J. Baxter, Veronica Fuentes
    Abstract:

    Abstract: This chapter begins by reviewing the fisheries and culture of Jellyfish for human food, multi-million-dollar industries with markets currently centered in Asia. Second, we present guidelines for culture conditions and tank construction for display or study of 27 Jellyfish species. Most types of Jellyfish (scyphomedusae, hydromedusae, siphonophores and ctenophores) also damage the aquaculture industry by causing fish gill disorders and by fouling net pens. We review the lifecycles of these groups and the damage they cause. Finally, we offer recommendations on how to minimize this damage. Ironically, aquaculture may be inadvertently exacerbating the problems with Jellyfish blooms.

  • Is global ocean sprawl a cause of Jellyfish blooms
    Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 2013
    Co-Authors: Carlos M. Duarte, Cathy H. Lucas, Kylie A. Pitt, Jennifer E Purcell, Kelly L. Robinson, Kelly R. Sutherland, Mary Beth Decker, Shin-ich Uye, Lucas Brotz, Alenk Malej
    Abstract:

    Jellyfish (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) blooms appear to be increasing in both intensity and frequency in many coastal areas worldwide, due to multiple hypothesized anthropogenic stressors. Here, we propose that the proliferation of artificial structures – associated with (1) the exponential growth in shipping, aquaculture, and other coastal industries, and (2) coastal protection (collectively, “ocean sprawl”) – provides habitat for Jellyfish polyps and may be an important driver of the global increase in Jellyfish blooms. However, the habitat of the benthic polyps that commonly result in coastal Jellyfish blooms has remained elusive, limiting our understanding of the drivers of these blooms. Support for the hypothesized role of ocean sprawl in promoting Jellyfish blooms is provided by observations and experimental evidence demonstrating that Jellyfish larvae settle in large numbers on artificial structures in coastal waters and develop into dense concentrations of Jellyfish-producing polyps.

Sean M Naman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • stable isotope based trophic structure of pelagic fish and Jellyfish across natural and anthropogenic landscape gradients in a fjord estuary
    Ecology and Evolution, 2016
    Co-Authors: Sean M Naman, Correigh M Greene, Casimir A Rice, Joshua Chamberlin, Letitia L Conwaycranos, Jeffery R Cordell, Jason E Hall, Linda D Rhodes
    Abstract:

    : Identifying causes of structural ecosystem shifts often requires understanding trophic structure, an important determinant of energy flow in ecological communities. In coastal pelagic ecosystems worldwide, increasing Jellyfish (Cnidaria and Ctenophora) at the expense of small fish has been linked to anthropogenic alteration of basal trophic pathways. However, this hypothesis remains untested in part because baseline description of fish-Jellyfish trophic dynamics, and the environmental features that influence them are lacking. Using stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N), we examined spatiotemporal patterns of fish and Jellyfish trophic structure in greater Puget Sound, an urbanizing fjord estuary in the NW United States. We quantified niche positions of constituent species, niche widths and trophic overlap between fish and Jellyfish assemblages, and several community-level trophic diversity metrics (resource diversity, trophic length, and niche widths) of fish and Jellyfish combined. We then related assemblage- and community-level measures to landscape gradients of terrestrial-marine connectivity and anthropogenic influence in adjacent catchments. Relative niche positions among species varied considerably and displayed no clear pattern except that fish generally had higher δ15N and lower δ13C relative to Jellyfish, which resulted in low assemblage-level trophic overlap. Fish assemblages had larger niche widths than Jellyfish in most cases and, along with whole community trophic diversity, exhibited contrasting seasonal patterns across oceanographic basins, which was positively correlated to landscape variation in terrestrial connectivity. In contrast, Jellyfish niche widths were unrelated to terrestrial connectivity, but weakly negatively correlated to urban land use in adjacent catchments. Our results indicate that fish-Jellyfish trophic structure is highly heterogeneous and that disparate processes may underlie the trophic ecology of these taxa; consequently, they may respond divergently to environmental change. In addition, spatiotemporal variation in ecosystem connectivity, in this case through freshwater influence, may influence trophic structure across heterogeneous landscapes.

  • Stable isotope‐based trophic structure of pelagic fish and Jellyfish across natural and anthropogenic landscape gradients in a fjord estuary
    Ecology and Evolution, 2016
    Co-Authors: Sean M Naman, Correigh M Greene, Casimir A Rice, Joshua Chamberlin, Jeffery R Cordell, Jason E Hall, Letitia L. Conway-cranos, Linda D Rhodes
    Abstract:

    Identifying causes of structural ecosystem shifts often requires understanding trophic structure, an important determinant of energy flow in ecological communities. In coastal pelagic ecosystems worldwide, increasing Jellyfish (Cnidaria and Ctenophora) at the expense of small fish has been linked to anthropogenic alteration of basal trophic pathways. However, this hypothesis remains untested in part because baseline description of fish–Jellyfish trophic dynamics, and the environmental features that influence them are lacking. Using stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N), we examined spatiotemporal patterns of fish and Jellyfish trophic structure in greater Puget Sound, an urbanizing fjord estuary in the NW United States. We quantified niche positions of constituent species, niche widths and trophic overlap between fish and Jellyfish assemblages, and several community-level trophic diversity metrics (resource diversity, trophic length, and niche widths) of fish and Jellyfish combined. We then related assemblage- and community-level measures to landscape gradients of terrestrial–marine connectivity and anthropogenic influence in adjacent catchments. Relative niche positions among species varied considerably and displayed no clear pattern except that fish generally had higher δ15N and lower δ13C relative to Jellyfish, which resulted in low assemblage-level trophic overlap. Fish assemblages had larger niche widths than Jellyfish in most cases and, along with whole community trophic diversity, exhibited contrasting seasonal patterns across oceanographic basins, which was positively correlated to landscape variation in terrestrial connectivity. In contrast, Jellyfish niche widths were unrelated to terrestrial connectivity, but weakly negatively correlated to urban land use in adjacent catchments. Our results indicate that fish–Jellyfish trophic structure is highly heterogeneous and that disparate processes may underlie the trophic ecology of these taxa; consequently, they may respond divergently to environmental change. In addition, spatiotemporal variation in ecosystem connectivity, in this case through freshwater influence, may influence trophic structure across heterogeneous landscapes.

Keren Goodblatt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Jason E Hall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • stable isotope based trophic structure of pelagic fish and Jellyfish across natural and anthropogenic landscape gradients in a fjord estuary
    Ecology and Evolution, 2016
    Co-Authors: Sean M Naman, Correigh M Greene, Casimir A Rice, Joshua Chamberlin, Letitia L Conwaycranos, Jeffery R Cordell, Jason E Hall, Linda D Rhodes
    Abstract:

    : Identifying causes of structural ecosystem shifts often requires understanding trophic structure, an important determinant of energy flow in ecological communities. In coastal pelagic ecosystems worldwide, increasing Jellyfish (Cnidaria and Ctenophora) at the expense of small fish has been linked to anthropogenic alteration of basal trophic pathways. However, this hypothesis remains untested in part because baseline description of fish-Jellyfish trophic dynamics, and the environmental features that influence them are lacking. Using stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N), we examined spatiotemporal patterns of fish and Jellyfish trophic structure in greater Puget Sound, an urbanizing fjord estuary in the NW United States. We quantified niche positions of constituent species, niche widths and trophic overlap between fish and Jellyfish assemblages, and several community-level trophic diversity metrics (resource diversity, trophic length, and niche widths) of fish and Jellyfish combined. We then related assemblage- and community-level measures to landscape gradients of terrestrial-marine connectivity and anthropogenic influence in adjacent catchments. Relative niche positions among species varied considerably and displayed no clear pattern except that fish generally had higher δ15N and lower δ13C relative to Jellyfish, which resulted in low assemblage-level trophic overlap. Fish assemblages had larger niche widths than Jellyfish in most cases and, along with whole community trophic diversity, exhibited contrasting seasonal patterns across oceanographic basins, which was positively correlated to landscape variation in terrestrial connectivity. In contrast, Jellyfish niche widths were unrelated to terrestrial connectivity, but weakly negatively correlated to urban land use in adjacent catchments. Our results indicate that fish-Jellyfish trophic structure is highly heterogeneous and that disparate processes may underlie the trophic ecology of these taxa; consequently, they may respond divergently to environmental change. In addition, spatiotemporal variation in ecosystem connectivity, in this case through freshwater influence, may influence trophic structure across heterogeneous landscapes.

  • Stable isotope‐based trophic structure of pelagic fish and Jellyfish across natural and anthropogenic landscape gradients in a fjord estuary
    Ecology and Evolution, 2016
    Co-Authors: Sean M Naman, Correigh M Greene, Casimir A Rice, Joshua Chamberlin, Jeffery R Cordell, Jason E Hall, Letitia L. Conway-cranos, Linda D Rhodes
    Abstract:

    Identifying causes of structural ecosystem shifts often requires understanding trophic structure, an important determinant of energy flow in ecological communities. In coastal pelagic ecosystems worldwide, increasing Jellyfish (Cnidaria and Ctenophora) at the expense of small fish has been linked to anthropogenic alteration of basal trophic pathways. However, this hypothesis remains untested in part because baseline description of fish–Jellyfish trophic dynamics, and the environmental features that influence them are lacking. Using stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N), we examined spatiotemporal patterns of fish and Jellyfish trophic structure in greater Puget Sound, an urbanizing fjord estuary in the NW United States. We quantified niche positions of constituent species, niche widths and trophic overlap between fish and Jellyfish assemblages, and several community-level trophic diversity metrics (resource diversity, trophic length, and niche widths) of fish and Jellyfish combined. We then related assemblage- and community-level measures to landscape gradients of terrestrial–marine connectivity and anthropogenic influence in adjacent catchments. Relative niche positions among species varied considerably and displayed no clear pattern except that fish generally had higher δ15N and lower δ13C relative to Jellyfish, which resulted in low assemblage-level trophic overlap. Fish assemblages had larger niche widths than Jellyfish in most cases and, along with whole community trophic diversity, exhibited contrasting seasonal patterns across oceanographic basins, which was positively correlated to landscape variation in terrestrial connectivity. In contrast, Jellyfish niche widths were unrelated to terrestrial connectivity, but weakly negatively correlated to urban land use in adjacent catchments. Our results indicate that fish–Jellyfish trophic structure is highly heterogeneous and that disparate processes may underlie the trophic ecology of these taxa; consequently, they may respond divergently to environmental change. In addition, spatiotemporal variation in ecosystem connectivity, in this case through freshwater influence, may influence trophic structure across heterogeneous landscapes.