The Experts below are selected from a list of 7821 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Henrik J Andersen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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water distribution and mobility in meat during the conversion of muscle to meat and ageing and the impacts on fresh meat quality attributes a review
Meat Science, 2011Co-Authors: K L Pearce, Henrik J Andersen, Katja Rosenvold, D L HopkinsAbstract:This paper reviews current knowledge on the distribution and mobility of water in muscle (myowater) ante- and post mortem and factors affecting these in relation to fresh meat quality parameters; water-holding capacity (WHC), tenderness and Juiciness. NMR transverse relaxometry (T2) using bench-top Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (LF-NMR) has characterised myowater distribution and mobility as well as structural features in meat which directly affect WHC. The current literature demonstrates that WHC is correlated to the water located outside the myofibrillar network (extra-myofibrillar). This review identifies the critical stages which affect the translocation of water into the extra-myofibrillar space and thus the potential for decreased WHC during proteolysis (the conversion of muscle to meat). This review discusses how the intrinsic properties of the water held within the meat could contribute to Juiciness and tenderness. Tenderness has been shown to correlate to T2, however breed and species differences made it difficult to draw firm conclusions. Further understanding of the inherent water properties of fresh meat and the factors affecting water distribution and mobility using NMR technologies will increase the understanding of WHC and tenderisation of fresh meat.
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cooking loss and Juiciness of pork in relation to raw meat quality and cooking procedure
Food Quality and Preference, 2003Co-Authors: Margit Dall Aaslyng, Camilla Bejerholm, Per Ertbjerg, Hanne Christine Bertram, Henrik J AndersenAbstract:The study comprised two experiments with the aim to investigate the influence of raw meat quality and cooking procedure on cooking loss and Juiciness of pork. The first experiment determined the cooking loss at 60, 70 and 80 °C centre temperature of 10 raw meat qualities (defined according to ultimate pH, drip loss, breed and rearing conditions) when cooked as steaks on a pan or as a roast in oven at a oven temperature of 90 or 190 °C. The differences in cooking loss between the raw meat qualities and the cooking procedures did decrease as the centre temperature increased and were almost negligble at 80 °C. Low water holding capacity (WHC) and low pH resulted in high cooking loss while no difference in cooking loss was observed between meat having medium or high WHC and pH. In the second experiment four raw meat qualities (standard, Duroc, low pH and heavy carcass weight) chosen from the first experiment to ensure a wide variation in cooking loss, were cooked in oven at 90 or 190 °C oven temperature. Juiciness was assessed three times during the chewing process. The results suggested that Juiciness experienced initially in the chewing process depended only on the water content of the meat, whereas Juiciness experienced later in the chewing process was determined by a combination of the water and intramuscular fat contents and the saliva production during chewing.
Hocquette Jean-francois - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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What are the drivers of beef sensory quality using metadata of intramuscular connective tissue, fatty acids and muscle fiber characteristics?
'Elsevier BV', 2021Co-Authors: Listrat Anne, Gagaoua Mohammed, Andueza Donato, Gruffat Dominique, Normand Jérome, Mairesse Guillaume, Picard Brigitte, Hocquette Jean-francoisAbstract:The aim of this integrative study was to investigate the relationships between biochemical traits (total, insoluble and soluble collagens (TCol, ICol, SCol), cross-links (CLs), proteoglycans (TPGs), proportion of fiber types, total lipids (TLips), main fatty acids (FAs) families, the n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated FA (n-6/n-3PUFA) ratio and the sensory attributes scores (tenderness, Juiciness, flavor) of two muscles from beef: Rectus abdominis (RA) and Longissimus thoracis (LT). For robust analysis, a database was prepared using samples from three studies from animals raised under different production systems. The analyses were performed either on each study separately or on pooled data per muscle after removing as many experimental effects as possible in each study. The CLs (across the muscles and studies) and, to a lower extent, type IIA muscle fibers (mainly for RA muscles), saturated FAs (SFAs), monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) (for the LT muscles) were the components the most frequently associated with tenderness. The CLs, type IIA muscle fibers (mainly for the RA muscles), TLips, SFAs, MUFAs, conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (mainly for the LT muscles) were the components the most associated with Juiciness. The TLips and CLAs (across the muscles and studies), SFAs, MUFAs (mainly for the LT muscles), CLs (mainly for the RA muscles) and TPGs (mainly for the LT muscles) were the components the most associated with flavor liking. The CLs, CLAs, TLips, SFAs, MUFAs, n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio, type IIA and I muscle fibers were the components the most frequently associated with the 3 sensory scores taken together. The SCol, TPGs and type IIX+B muscle fibers were little associated with the sensory scores taken together. The TCol, ICol and PUFAs were components the least associated with sensory scores. The data of this integrative study highlighted for the first time that the CLs were negatively involved in the determination of the three sensory traits mainly in the RA muscle. The muscle fibers in this integrative study had a weak impact on the variations in beef sensory traits. The type IIA and IIX+B muscle fibers were respectively negatively and positively associated with tenderness, negatively associated with Juiciness and flavor. The type I muscle fibers were overall positively associated with Juiciness and flavor and negatively or positively with tenderness and these associations were muscle and study-dependent. Overall, the TLips and FAs were positively associated with the sensory scores and the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was negatively associated with them.European Commissio
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What are the drivers of beef sensory quality using metadata of intramuscular connective tissue, fatty acids and muscle fiber characteristics?
'Elsevier BV', 2021Co-Authors: Listrat Anne, Gagaoua Mohammed, Andueza Donato, Gruffat Dominique, Normand Jérome, Mairesse Guillaume, Picard Brigitte, Hocquette Jean-francoisAbstract:The aim of this integrative study was to investigate the relationships between biochemical traits (total, insoluble and soluble collagens (TCol, ICol, SCol), cross-links (CLs), proteoglycans (TPGs), proportion of fiber types, total lipids (TLips), main fatty acids (FAs) families, the n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated FA (n-6/n-3PUFA) ratio and the sensory attributes scores (tenderness, Juiciness, flavor) of two muscles from beef: Rectus abdominis (RA) and Longissimus thoracis (LT). For robust analysis, a database was prepared using samples from three studies from animals raised under different production systems. The analyses were performed either on each study separately or on pooled data per muscle after removing as many experimental effects as possible in each study. The CLs (across the muscles and studies) and, to a lower extent, type IIA muscle fibers (mainly for RA muscles), saturated FAs (SFAs), monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) (for the LT muscles) were the components the most frequently associated with tenderness. The CLs, type IIA muscle fibers (mainly for the RA muscles), TLips, SFAs, MUFAs, conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (mainly for the LT muscles) were the components the most associated with Juiciness. The TLips and CLAs (across the muscles and studies), SFAs, MUFAs (mainly for the LT muscles), CLs (mainly for the RA muscles) and TPGs (mainly for the LT muscles) were the components the most associated with flavor liking. The CLs, CLAs, TLips, SFAs, MUFAs, n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio, type IIA and I muscle fibers were the components the most frequently associated with the 3 sensory scores taken together. The SCol, TPGs and type IIX+B muscle fibers were little associated with the sensory scores taken together. The TCol, ICol and PUFAs were components the least associated with sensory scores. The data of this integrative study highlighted for the first time that the CLs were negatively involved in the determination of the three sensory traits mainly in the RA muscle. The muscle fibers in this integrative study had a weak impact on the variations in beef sensory traits. The type IIA and IIX+B muscle fibers were respectively negatively and positively associated with tenderness, negatively associated with Juiciness and flavor. The type I muscle fibers were overall positively associated with Juiciness and flavor and negatively or positively with tenderness and these associations were muscle and study-dependent. Overall, the TLips and FAs were positively associated with the sensory scores and the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was negatively associated with them.ADEM
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Contributions of tenderness, Juiciness and flavor liking to overall liking of beef in Europe
'Elsevier BV', 2020Co-Authors: Liu Jingjing, Ellies-oury Marie-pierre, Chriki Sghaier, Legrand Isabelle, Pogorzelski Grzegorz, Wierzbicki Jerzy, Farmer, Linda J., Troy Declan, Polkinghorne Rod, Hocquette Jean-francoisAbstract:Publication history: Accepted - 19 May 2020; Published online- 19 May 2020.This study evaluated the contributions of sensory traits to overall liking in Europe. Perceptions by untrained consumers of tenderness, Juiciness, flavor liking and overall liking were determined using the Meat Standards Australia protocols. According to European consumer testing with European beef samples, flavor liking was the most important contributor (39%) to beef overall liking, followed by tenderness (31%) and Juiciness (24%) (P 0.94). The improvement in tenderness over the last decades may explain the highest contribution of flavor liking nowadays. Flavor liking is therefore the main driver of variability in overall liking. Juiciness is the least robust trait which could be influenced by other traits during consumer perception. For outstanding steaks, each sensory trait should have excellent scores and high contributions to overall liking. For medium cuts, one sensory trait with a low score has the potential to be compensated by other traits with higher scores and more emphasis will be placed on the trait with the lowest perception.The research work was sponsored by Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC). Data were obtained through the financial contributions of the European research project ProSafeBeef (Contract No. FOOD-CT-2006-36241), the Polish ProOptiBeef Farm to Fork project funded by the EU Innovative (POIG.01.03.01-00-204/09), the French ‘Direction Générale de l'Alimentation’ and FranceAgriMer, the Irish Department of Agriculture Food and The Marine under the FIRM programme, and the Northern Ireland Department of Agriculture and Rural Development ‘Vision’ program
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What are the drivers of beef sensory quality using metadata of intramuscular connective tissue, fatty acids and muscle fiber characteristics?
'Elsevier BV', 2020Co-Authors: Listrat Anne, Gagaoua Mohammed, Andueza Donato, Gruffat Dominique, Normand Jérome, Mairesse Guillaume, Picard Brigitte, Hocquette Jean-francoisAbstract:peer-reviewedThe aim of this integrative study was to investigate the relationships between biochemical traits (total, insoluble and soluble collagens (TCol, ICol, SCol), cross-links (CLs), proteoglycans (TPGs), proportion of fiber types, total lipids (TLips), main fatty acids (FAs) families, the n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated FA (n-6/n-3PUFA) ratio and the sensory attributes scores (tenderness, Juiciness, flavor) of two muscles from beef: Rectus abdominis (RA) and Longissimus thoracis (LT). For robust analysis, a database was prepared using samples from three studies from animals raised under different production systems. The analyses were performed either on each study separately or on pooled data per muscle after removing as many experimental effects as possible in each study. The CLs (across the muscles and studies) and, to a lower extent, type IIA muscle fibers (mainly for RA muscles), saturated FAs (SFAs), monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) (for the LT muscles) were the components the most frequently associated with tenderness. The CLs, type IIA muscle fibers (mainly for the RA muscles), TLips, SFAs, MUFAs, conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (mainly for the LT muscles) were the components the most associated with Juiciness. The TLips and CLAs (across the muscles and studies), SFAs, MUFAs (mainly for the LT muscles), CLs (mainly for the RA muscles) and TPGs (mainly for the LT muscles) were the components the most associated with flavor liking. The CLs, CLAs, TLips, SFAs, MUFAs, n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio, type IIA and I muscle fibers were the components the most frequently associated with the 3 sensory scores taken together. The SCol, TPGs and type IIX+B muscle fibers were little associated with the sensory scores taken together. The TCol, ICol and PUFAs were components the least associated with sensory scores. The data of this integrative study highlighted for the first time that the CLs were negatively involved in the determination of the three sensory traits mainly in the RA muscle. The muscle fibers in this integrative study had a weak impact on the variations in beef sensory traits. The type IIA and IIX+B muscle fibers were respectively negatively and positively associated with tenderness, negatively associated with Juiciness and flavor. The type I muscle fibers were overall positively associated with Juiciness and flavor and negatively or positively with tenderness and these associations were muscle and study-dependent. Overall, the TLips and FAs were positively associated with the sensory scores and the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was negatively associated with them.ADEM
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What are the drivers of beef sensory quality using metadata of intramuscular connective tissue, fatty acids and muscle fiber characteristics?
'Elsevier BV', 2020Co-Authors: Listrat Anne, Gagaoua Mohammed, Andueza Donato, Gruffat Dominique, Normand Jérome, Mairesse Guillaume, Picard Brigitte, Hocquette Jean-francoisAbstract:peer-reviewedThe aim of this integrative study was to investigate the relationships between biochemical traits (total, insoluble and soluble collagens (TCol, ICol, SCol), cross-links (CLs), proteoglycans (TPGs), proportion of fiber types, total lipids (TLips), main fatty acids (FAs) families, the n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated FA (n-6/n-3PUFA) ratio and the sensory attributes scores (tenderness, Juiciness, flavor) of two muscles from beef: Rectus abdominis (RA) and Longissimus thoracis (LT). For robust analysis, a database was prepared using samples from three studies from animals raised under different production systems. The analyses were performed either on each study separately or on pooled data per muscle after removing as many experimental effects as possible in each study. The CLs (across the muscles and studies) and, to a lower extent, type IIA muscle fibers (mainly for RA muscles), saturated FAs (SFAs), monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) (for the LT muscles) were the components the most frequently associated with tenderness. The CLs, type IIA muscle fibers (mainly for the RA muscles), TLips, SFAs, MUFAs, conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (mainly for the LT muscles) were the components the most associated with Juiciness. The TLips and CLAs (across the muscles and studies), SFAs, MUFAs (mainly for the LT muscles), CLs (mainly for the RA muscles) and TPGs (mainly for the LT muscles) were the components the most associated with flavor liking. The CLs, CLAs, TLips, SFAs, MUFAs, n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio, type IIA and I muscle fibers were the components the most frequently associated with the 3 sensory scores taken together. The SCol, TPGs and type IIX+B muscle fibers were little associated with the sensory scores taken together. The TCol, ICol and PUFAs were components the least associated with sensory scores. The data of this integrative study highlighted for the first time that the CLs were negatively involved in the determination of the three sensory traits mainly in the RA muscle. The muscle fibers in this integrative study had a weak impact on the variations in beef sensory traits. The type IIA and IIX+B muscle fibers were respectively negatively and positively associated with tenderness, negatively associated with Juiciness and flavor. The type I muscle fibers were overall positively associated with Juiciness and flavor and negatively or positively with tenderness and these associations were muscle and study-dependent. Overall, the TLips and FAs were positively associated with the sensory scores and the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was negatively associated with them.European Commissio
J F Legako - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sensory and Physical Characteristics of M. biceps femoris from Older Cows Using Ginger Powder (Zingibain) and Sous Vide Cooking
'MDPI AG', 2021Co-Authors: Zb Naqvi, J F Legako, Pc Thomson, Latif S, Dm Mcgill, Pc Wynn, Rd WarnerAbstract:This study aimed to evaluate the sensory and physical characteristics of zingibain-injected meat combined with sous vide cooking. M. biceps femoris (BF; n = 12) acquired from 6-7 year old Angus cows were cooked using the sous vide method at 65 °C, for 8 h or 12 h, either with ginger powder (GP) injected in a 2 g/L solution in water (treatment) or un-injected (control). The sensory attributes included flavour, Juiciness, tenderness, and physicochemical characteristics were Warner-Bratzler shear (WBSF), hardness, total water content (TWC), cooking loss (CL) and collagen content. A significant improvement in tenderness with injection treatment and cooking time was observed, as evaluated through trained sensory panellists, and reduced WBSF and hardness (p 0.05), but Juiciness and TWC were reduced with longer cooking times (p < 0.01 for both). Soluble collagen increased with injection treatment and cooking time (both p < 0.05). Moderate to high correlations were found between sensory and physical measurements for tenderness and Juiciness. The longer cooking time (12 h) with GP injection treatment caused over tenderization of the meat. The soft texture associated with over-tenderization may be suitable for some specialised consumer markets, for instance, the elderly population with chewing difficulties. Improving the eating quality of low-quality meat from old animals through sous vide cooking and the use of ginger proteases may increase the acceptability of lower value beef, potentially enhancing the commercial value of carcasses typically produced in the beef industry
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evaluation of the contribution of tenderness Juiciness and flavor to the overall consumer beef eating experience
Translational animal science, 2018Co-Authors: T G Oquinn, J F Legako, J.c. Brooks, Mark F MillerAbstract:The objectives of this study were to evaluate the contribution of tenderness, Juiciness, and flavor to the overall consumer beef eating experience and to evaluate the risk of overall palatability failure due to the unacceptable level of one or more of these traits. Data from 11 previously conducted studies representing a wide range of treatments and levels of eating quality that included more than 1,500 beef samples and 1,800 consumers were compiled and analyzed for this study. Results of a multivariate regression indicated that tenderness, flavor, and Juiciness accounted for 43.4%, 49.4%, and 7.4%, respectively, of overall palatability (P 0.99). Additionally, the odds of a steak being rated unacceptable overall when tenderness, Juiciness, or flavor were rated unacceptable were 2.2 to 1 (69%), 1.9 to 1 (66%), and 3.3 to 1 (77%), respectively. This indicated overall palatability was 7.2, 6.5, and 12.3 times more likely to be rated unacceptable if tenderness, Juiciness, or flavor, respectively, was also rated unacceptable. Additionally, the percentage of samples rated acceptable for each palatability trait increased (P < 0.05) as quality grade increased. More than 88% of USDA Prime samples were rated acceptable for each palatability trait, whereas only 74.8-77.3% of USDA Select samples were rated acceptable for each palatability trait. Marbling score accounted for 14-16% of the variation (P < 0.01) in consumer palatability scores for each trait and intramuscular fat percentage accounted for 17-21% of the variation in each trait (P < 0.01). Logistic equation models for the predicted probability of an acceptable rating for each palatability trait based on intramuscular fat percentage accounted for only a minimal amount of variation (P < 0.01; R 2 ≤ 0.09). Results of this study indicate the relative contribution of tenderness, Juiciness, and flavor to overall beef palatability. They provide evidence that the failure of even a single palatability trait dramatically increases the likelihood of overall palatability failure, indicating that no single palatability trait is most important, as beef palatability is dependent upon the acceptance of all three traits: tenderness, Juiciness, and flavor.
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assessment of objective measures of beef steak Juiciness and their relationships to sensory panel Juiciness ratings
Journal of Animal Science, 2017Co-Authors: L W Lucherk, T G Oquinn, J F Legako, R J Rathmann, J.c. Brooks, M. F. MillerAbstract:: The objective of this study was to evaluate multiple instrumental measures of beef Juiciness and determine their relationships with sensory panel Juiciness ratings. Treatments were selected to maximize variation in Juiciness and included 5 USDA quality grades (Prime, upper two-thirds Choice, lower one-third Choice, Select, and Standard) as well as 2 enhanced Select treatments (112 and 107% of the initial raw weight) and were prepared to 3 degrees of doneness (DOD; rare [66°C], medium [71°C], and well done [77°C]). A total of 21 objective measures of raw samples were evaluated and included marbling level, CIE color values, pH, water activity, proximate composition, and multiple measures of water-holding capacity. Also, 17 objective measures were evaluated for cooked beef samples and included cooking loss, drip loss, and compression-based methods used to quantify expressible moisture. These measures were compared with results from a previous sensory study to evaluate the relationship between the various objective measures and sensory panel Juiciness ratings. Differences ( < 0.05) were found among quality treatments for many of the measures evaluated, with the greatest differences occurring for many of the measures among samples cooked to different DOD. Of all the objective measures evaluated, protein percentage, cooking loss, and pressed juice percentage (PJP) were most closely associated ( < 0.05) with consumer Juiciness ratings ( = -0.55, = -0.51, and = 0.45, respectively). Additionally, cooking loss and PJP were more closely associated ( < 0.05) with trained sensory panel initial and sustained Juiciness ratings than all other measures evaluated. Regression analysis revealed that PJP explained ( < 0.05) 20, 48, and 45% of the variation in consumer, trained panel initial, and trained panel sustained Juiciness scores, respectively. This was a greater percentage of the variation than slice shear force explained ( < 0.05) in trained sensory panel initial (39%) and sustained tenderness ratings (40%) and similar to the amount explained (26%) in consumer tenderness ratings. These results indicate PJP was a better predictor of sensory panel Juiciness scores than all traits evaluated other than the cooking loss of steaks evaluated by sensory panelists. Pressed juice percentage explained a similar or greater amount of variation in sensory panel scores as slice shear force, indicating PJP as a potential industry standard for objective Juiciness evaluation.
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consumer and trained panel evaluation of beef strip steaks of varying marbling and enhancement levels cooked to three degrees of doneness
Meat Science, 2016Co-Authors: L W Lucherk, T G Oquinn, J F Legako, R J Rathmann, J.c. Brooks, M. F. MillerAbstract:Abstract The palatability of USDA graded beef strip loins of seven treatments [High Enhanced (HE: 112% of raw weight) Select, Low Enhanced (LE: 107% of raw weight) Select, Prime, upper 2/3 Choice (Top Choice), lower 1/3 Choice (Low Choice), Select, and Standard] cooked to three degrees of doneness [DOD; rare (60 °C), medium (71 °C), or well-done (77 °C)] was evaluated by consumer and trained sensory panelists. For consumers, Select HE steaks rated higher (P 0.05) were observed between Select LE and Prime samples for most traits evaluated. The effect of USDA grade and enhancement on trained panel palatability scores was independent of DOD for all traits other than Juiciness, with the role of marbling in Juiciness increasing as DOD increased from rare to well-done. These results indicate enhancement as an effective method to improve the palatability of lower grading beef.
Esthe Onega - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a comparison between two methods warner bratzler and texture profile analysis for testing either raw meat or cooked meat
Meat Science, 2005Co-Authors: Ruiz F De Huidobro, Eugenio Miguel, Esthe OnegaAbstract:Abstract Two methods for assessing texture characteristics of meat (Warner–Bratzler (WB) – and texture profile analysis (TPA)), both performed either on raw or on cooked meat, were tested in 96 samples of m. longissimus dorsi muscle of eight heifers and eight bulls, aged 1, 3 or 6 days post-mortem. A sensory analysis was also performed on 96 samples. Sensory variates were predicted by instrumental variates as follows: hardness was better predicted by TPA than by WB; springiness was only predicted by WB; Juiciness was only significantly predicted by TPA; greasiness was always poorly predicted, but the prediction was better with TPA, and the number of chewings was also better predicted with TPA. Results suggested the convenience of performing a TPA for assessing meat texture as, in cooked meat, only TPA furnished highly significant correlations for hardness, for Juiciness and for the number of chewings. Although WB could predict hardness and springiness, only the equation for the prediction of the number of chewings was useful ( r 2 = 0.171, P
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a comparison between two methods warner bratzler and texture profile analysis for testing either raw meat or cooked meat
Meat Science, 2005Co-Authors: Ruiz F De Huidobro, Eugenio Miguel, B Blazquez, Esthe OnegaAbstract:Two methods for assessing texture characteristics of meat (Warner-Bratzler (WB) - and texture profile analysis (TPA)), both performed either on raw or on cooked meat, were tested in 96 samples of m. longissimus dorsi muscle of eight heifers and eight bulls, aged 1, 3 or 6 days post-mortem. A sensory analysis was also performed on 96 samples. Sensory variates were predicted by instrumental variates as follows: hardness was better predicted by TPA than by WB; springiness was only predicted by WB; Juiciness was only significantly predicted by TPA; greasiness was always poorly predicted, but the prediction was better with TPA, and the number of chewings was also better predicted with TPA. Results suggested the convenience of performing a TPA for assessing meat texture as, in cooked meat, only TPA furnished highly significant correlations for hardness, for Juiciness and for the number of chewings. Although WB could predict hardness and springiness, only the equation for the prediction of the number of chewings was useful (r(2)=0.171, P<0.004). It seems that texture parameters, assessed by a TPA and performed on cooked meat, are the best predictors of sensory texture in bovine meat.
M. F. Miller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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assessment of objective measures of beef steak Juiciness and their relationships to sensory panel Juiciness ratings
Journal of Animal Science, 2017Co-Authors: L W Lucherk, T G Oquinn, J F Legako, R J Rathmann, J.c. Brooks, M. F. MillerAbstract:: The objective of this study was to evaluate multiple instrumental measures of beef Juiciness and determine their relationships with sensory panel Juiciness ratings. Treatments were selected to maximize variation in Juiciness and included 5 USDA quality grades (Prime, upper two-thirds Choice, lower one-third Choice, Select, and Standard) as well as 2 enhanced Select treatments (112 and 107% of the initial raw weight) and were prepared to 3 degrees of doneness (DOD; rare [66°C], medium [71°C], and well done [77°C]). A total of 21 objective measures of raw samples were evaluated and included marbling level, CIE color values, pH, water activity, proximate composition, and multiple measures of water-holding capacity. Also, 17 objective measures were evaluated for cooked beef samples and included cooking loss, drip loss, and compression-based methods used to quantify expressible moisture. These measures were compared with results from a previous sensory study to evaluate the relationship between the various objective measures and sensory panel Juiciness ratings. Differences ( < 0.05) were found among quality treatments for many of the measures evaluated, with the greatest differences occurring for many of the measures among samples cooked to different DOD. Of all the objective measures evaluated, protein percentage, cooking loss, and pressed juice percentage (PJP) were most closely associated ( < 0.05) with consumer Juiciness ratings ( = -0.55, = -0.51, and = 0.45, respectively). Additionally, cooking loss and PJP were more closely associated ( < 0.05) with trained sensory panel initial and sustained Juiciness ratings than all other measures evaluated. Regression analysis revealed that PJP explained ( < 0.05) 20, 48, and 45% of the variation in consumer, trained panel initial, and trained panel sustained Juiciness scores, respectively. This was a greater percentage of the variation than slice shear force explained ( < 0.05) in trained sensory panel initial (39%) and sustained tenderness ratings (40%) and similar to the amount explained (26%) in consumer tenderness ratings. These results indicate PJP was a better predictor of sensory panel Juiciness scores than all traits evaluated other than the cooking loss of steaks evaluated by sensory panelists. Pressed juice percentage explained a similar or greater amount of variation in sensory panel scores as slice shear force, indicating PJP as a potential industry standard for objective Juiciness evaluation.
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consumer and trained panel evaluation of beef strip steaks of varying marbling and enhancement levels cooked to three degrees of doneness
Meat Science, 2016Co-Authors: L W Lucherk, T G Oquinn, J F Legako, R J Rathmann, J.c. Brooks, M. F. MillerAbstract:Abstract The palatability of USDA graded beef strip loins of seven treatments [High Enhanced (HE: 112% of raw weight) Select, Low Enhanced (LE: 107% of raw weight) Select, Prime, upper 2/3 Choice (Top Choice), lower 1/3 Choice (Low Choice), Select, and Standard] cooked to three degrees of doneness [DOD; rare (60 °C), medium (71 °C), or well-done (77 °C)] was evaluated by consumer and trained sensory panelists. For consumers, Select HE steaks rated higher (P 0.05) were observed between Select LE and Prime samples for most traits evaluated. The effect of USDA grade and enhancement on trained panel palatability scores was independent of DOD for all traits other than Juiciness, with the role of marbling in Juiciness increasing as DOD increased from rare to well-done. These results indicate enhancement as an effective method to improve the palatability of lower grading beef.
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characterization of estrogen trenbolone acetate implants on tenderness and consumer acceptability of beef under the effect of 2 aging times
Journal of Animal Science, 2011Co-Authors: J L Igo, R J Rathmann, J.c. Brooks, B J Johnson, J D Starkey, A J Garmyn, W T Nichols, J P Hutcheson, M. F. MillerAbstract:Anabolic steroid implants are commonly used to increase growth performance and carcass leanness. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of various trenbolone acetate implants on Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), slice shear force, and consumer palatability ratings for USDA Choice and Select beef strip steaks aged for 14 and 21 d from cattle implanted before slaughter. Beef steers (n = 1,740) were subjected to the following treatments: 1) nonimplanted control (CON); 2) Revalor-IS on d 0 and Revalor-S on d 70 (IS/S); or 3) Revalor-XS (RXS) on d 0, and were randomly assigned to pens within blocks. A subsample of USDA Choice (n = 82) and USDA Select (n = 81) carcasses was selected. Strip loins from these carcasses were collected, and steaks measuring 2.54 cm were fabricated and aged for 14 or 21 d postmortem. Select steaks aged 14 d from RXS cattle had decreased (P 0.05) from USDA Choice steaks aged 14 and 21 d or from Select steaks aged 21 d. Consumer scores for flavor and overall liking for USDA Choice 14-d aged RXS steaks were less (P < 0.05) than CON steaks; however, there were no differences between RXS, IS/S, and CON for tenderness or Juiciness, or for tenderness and overall acceptability. Select steaks aged 14 d from IS/S cattle had less (P < 0.05) tenderness, tenderness acceptability, overall acceptability, overall liking, Juiciness, and flavor scores than RXS and CON steaks; however, consumers also rated RXS steaks less for tenderness, Juiciness, and tenderness acceptability when compared with CON steaks. Consumer scores for overall liking, flavor, and tenderness for USDA Choice steaks aged 21 d from RXS, IS/S, and CON did not differ. However, implant affected (P < 0.05) overall liking, flavor, Juiciness, and tenderness for USDA Select steaks aged 21 d. Even so, there were no differences between RXS, IS/S, and CON steaks for tenderness or overall acceptability for steaks aged 21 d, regardless of quality grade. Results indicated that tenderness differences exist among implant strategies when strip steaks were aged 14 d; however, tenderness and overall consumer acceptability were only influenced by implant in Select steaks aged 14 d. Furthermore, aging for 21 d can minimize and even eliminate implant differences in WBSF and slice shear force, as well as tenderness and overall consumer acceptability.
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effect of feeding zilpaterol hydrochloride to beef and calf fed holstein cattle on consumer palatability ratings
Journal of Animal Science, 2009Co-Authors: J M Mehaffey, R J Rathmann, J.c. Brooks, B J Johnson, W T Nichols, J P Hutcheson, E M Alsup, M N Streeter, D A Yates, M. F. MillerAbstract:The need to provide consumer data for beef steak tenderness, Juiciness, flavor, and overall palatability ratings from zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) beef to the processor, retailers, restaurants, and consumers is paramount. Consumer palatability responses were studied for 14- and 21-d aged USDA Choice and USDA Select quality grade beef and USDA Choice calf-fed Holstein New York Strip steaks from cattle that had been fed ZH for 0, 20, and 30 d before slaughter. Strip loins were cut into 2.54-cm-thick New York strip steaks and assigned to a 14- or 21-d aging treatment. The first and fourth steaks were assigned for 14- or 21-d WBSF analysis, and the second, third, fifth, and sixth steaks were reserved for consumer sensory panel evaluation. Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) analysis was conducted at Texas Tech University (TTU, Lubbock), Kansas State University (Manhattan), Oklahoma State University (Stillwater), and West Texas AM Chicago, IL; Los Angeles, CA; and Lubbock, TX) were asked to rate tenderness, Juiciness, flavor, and overall acceptability. Consumers were selected to represent a wide range of income, education, and ethnicity at each city. Steaks were cooked to a medium degree of doneness (71 degrees C), cut into 1 cm(3) pieces, and served warm to consumers. Consumers tasted samples from each of 3 separate steaks from each ZH treatment (0, 20, and 30 d) and within each USDA quality grade and within the 14- and 21-d aging treatments. Steaks were selected to represent the distribution of tenderness for the first, second, and third SD either side of the mean for each treatment. A second calf-fed Holstein consumer study (n = 240) was conducted with consumers eating USDA Choice 14- and 21-d aged steaks from Holstein cattle fed ZH for 0 or 20 d. Steaks from 0- and 20-d ZH treatments were different for tenderness for the 14-d aged USDA Choice and the calf-fed Holstein study groups. No differences were shown for all other 0- and 20-d ZH treatments for tenderness. The 21-d aged USDA Select steaks were improved with aging, which aided in removing the effects of ZH treatment. The ZH treatment of 30 d before slaughter resulted in increased WBSF values and decreased consumer tenderness, Juiciness, and overall palatability ratings for 14-d-aged USDA Choice. No differences were shown for tenderness, Juiciness, flavor, and overall palatability consumer ratings for 0- and 20-d steaks from 21-d Choice and 14- and 21-d Select quality and aging periods. Overall, USDA Choice Holstein steaks aged 14 and 21 d had differences in tenderness with ZH.
