Kharasch Addition

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Alfred F Noels - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Gerard Van Koten - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • mechanistic aspects of the Kharasch Addition reaction catalyzed by organonickel ii complexes containing the monoanionic terdentate aryldiamine ligand system c6h2 ch2nme2 2 2 6 r 4
    Organometallics, 1997
    Co-Authors: Lucia A Van De Kuil, D M Grove, J W Zwikker, Leonardus W Jenneskens, Robert A Gossage, And Wiendelt Drenth, Gerard Van Koten
    Abstract:

    The Addition reaction of polyhalogenated alkanes to alkenes (Kharasch Addition reaction) is homogeneously catalyzed in the absence of O2 under mild reaction conditions (25 °C) by the arylnickel complexes [NiII{C6H2(CH2NMe2)2-2,6-R-4}Br] (R = H, MeC(O), Cl, MeO, NH2) and shows a high selectivity for the 1:1 adduct. Kinetic data on the catalytic system with [Ni{C6H3(CH2NMe2)2-2,6}Br] (R = H; abbreviated as [Ni(NCN)Br]), methyl methacrylate, and CCl4 reveal a rate of reaction that is first order in nickel complex and in alkene. In our series of para-substituted arylnickel catalysts, the rate of catalysis increases with the electron donating character of the para substituents on the aryl ligand and this rate correlates directly with the NiII/NiIII redox potential. These data, together with separate spectroscopic studies and results from individual experiments employing other solvents, other polyhalogenated alkanes such as CBr4 and CF3CCl3 and other alkene substrates such as styrene, 1-octene, and cyclohexene,...

  • homogeneous catalysts based on silane dendrimers functionalized with arylnickel ii complexes
    Nature, 1994
    Co-Authors: Joan W J Knapen, D M Grove, Alexander Van Der Made, Janine C De Wilde, Piet W N M Van Leeuwen, Peter Wijkens, Gerard Van Koten
    Abstract:

    AT the interface between heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis there is great scope for the development of new materials that combine the advantages and/or minimize disadvantages associated with each of these classes. In particular there is a need for homogeneous catalysts with properties that allow their ready removal from a product-containing solution. One approach to such materials is to anchor homogeneous catalysts to soluble polymer supports1; we have recently prepared such catalytic materials in which the active centre is an organometallic species2,3. One disadvantage encountered when anchoring catalytic metal sites to polymers is the difficulty of accurate control of the number and location of these sites. Here we report an alternative approach—the synthesis of polysilane dendrimers (highly branched macromolecules4–6) which are functionalized at their periphery with metal-containing catalytically active sites. These dendrimers show regiospecific catalytic activity for the Kharasch Addition of polyhalogenoalkanes to carbon–carbon double bonds. It should be possible to remove the nanoscale catalytic macromolecules of this type from the solution of products using filtration methods.

  • organonickel ii complexes containing aryl ligands with chiral pyrrolidinyl ring systems syntheses and use as homogeneous catalysts for the Kharasch Addition reaction
    Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas, 1994
    Co-Authors: Lucia A Van De Kuil, Anthony L Spek, Yvonne S J Veldhuizen, D M Grove, J W Zwikker, Leonardus W Jenneskens, W Drenth, Wilberth J J Smeets, Gerard Van Koten
    Abstract:

    New chiral organonickel(II) complexes 3a-d have been synthesized containing monoanionic terdentate ligands of the type 2,6-bis[(1-pyrrolidinyl)methyl]phenyl. Chirality is introduced at the nitrogen donor atoms, which are part of the pyrrolidinyl ring systems, by placing substituents on the 2 or 5 positions of the rings. The complexes have been characterized variously by 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Crystals of 3b are monoclinic, space group P21, with a = 11.572(2), b = 11.804(2), c = 13.249(3) A, β = 107.00(2)°, Z = 4, final R = 0.043 for 3043 observed reflections. Crystals of 3c are tetragonal, space group P412121, with a = b = 12.2957(14) A, c = 26.418(3) A, Z = 8, final R = 0.052 for 1479 observed reflections. Crystals of 3d are tetragonal, space group P412121, with a = b = 11.0869(5), c = 21.718(2) A, Z = 4, final R = 0.046 for 1469 observed reflections. The catalytic ability of the nickel complexes in the Addition reaction of polyhalogenated compounds with alkenes (Kharasch Addition) is markedly influenced by the geometry around the nickel atom and only 3a and 3b prove to be effective catalysts. The highest enantiomeric excesses of 16-17% obtained with 3b and L-menthyl methacrylate in this catalytic reaction indicate that the C2 chiral fence produced by the Me-substituted pyrrolidinyl rings is not very effective for the transfer of chiral information.

Yasuhiro Iwasawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Francois Simal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Albert Demonceau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.