The Experts below are selected from a list of 8499 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
D. J. Rankin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Kin Selection and the evolution of social information use in animal conflict
PLoS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Christopher C.m. Baker, Sasha R. X. Dall, D. J. RankinAbstract:Animals often use social information about conspecifics in maKing decisions about cooperation and conflict. While the importance of Kin Selection in the evolution of intraspecific cooperation and conflict is widely acknowledged, few studies have examined how relatedness influences the evolution of social information use. Here we specifically examine how relatedness affects the evolution of a stylised form of social information use known as eavesdropping. Eavesdropping involves individuals escalating conflicts with rivals observed to have lost their last encounter and avoiding fights with those seen to have won. We use a game theoretical model to examine how relatedness affects the evolution of eavesdropping, both when strategies are discrete and when they are continuous or mixed. We show that relatedness influences the evolution of eavesdropping, such that information use peaks at intermediate relatedness. Our study highlights the importance of considering Kin Selection when exploring the evolution of complex forms of information use.
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bacterial cooperation controlled by mobile elements Kin Selection and infectivity are part of the same process
Heredity, 2011Co-Authors: D. J. Rankin, S Mc E Ginty, Teresa Nogueira, Marie Touchon, Francois Taddei, Eduardo P C RochaAbstract:Bacterial cooperation controlled by mobile elements: Kin Selection and infectivity are part of the same process
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Kin Selection and the evolution of sexual conflict
Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2011Co-Authors: D. J. RankinAbstract:Males and females do not always share the same evolutionary interests. This is particularly true in the case of multiple mating, where male-male competition can often lead to adaptations that are harmful to the female, and females can evolve counter adaptations to reduce the benefits males gain from such traits. Although social evolution has made substantial progress from Kin Selection theory, most studies of sexual conflict have ignored the effects of genetic relatedness. Here, I use a model of male harm and female resistance to investigate how Kin Selection affects the evolution of sexual conflict. Building on models of social evolution, I show that relatedness inhibits sexual conflict, in terms of male harm, whereas it has no effect on the evolution female resistance. This study examines a previously neglected mechanism that can potentially help to resolve sexual conflict over mating and highlights the potential importance of considering relatedness in empirical studies of sexual conflict.
Andy Gardner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sex biased dispersal Kin Selection and the evolution of sexual conflict
Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2015Co-Authors: Goncalo S Faria, Susana A M Varela, Andy GardnerAbstract:There is growing interest in resolving the curious disconnect between the fields of Kin Selection and sexual Selection. RanKin's (2011, J. Evol. Biol. 24, 71-81) theoretical study of the impact of Kin Selection on the evolution of sexual conflict in viscous populations has been particularly valuable in stimulating empirical research in this area. An important goal of that study was to understand the impact of sex-specific rates of dispersal upon the coevolution of male-harm and female-resistance behaviours. But the fitness functions derived in RanKin's study do not flow from his model's assumptions and, in particular, are not consistent with sex-biased dispersal. Here, we develop new fitness functions that do logically flow from the model's assumptions, to determine the impact of sex-specific patterns of dispersal on the evolution of sexual conflict. Although RanKin's study suggested that increasing male dispersal always promotes the evolution of male harm and that increasing female dispersal always inhibits the evolution of male harm, we find that the opposite can also be true, depending upon parameter values.
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Kin Selection under blending inheritance
Journal of Theoretical Biology, 2011Co-Authors: Andy GardnerAbstract:Why did Darwin fail to develop his insights on Kin Selection into a proper theory of social adaptation? One suggestion has been that his inadequate understanding of heredity kept the problem out of focus. Here, I determine whether it is possible to develop a quantitative theory of Kin Selection upon the assumption of blending inheritance. I find that, whilst Hamilton's rule of Kin Selection can be readily derived under the assumption of blending inheritance, this mechanism complicates the computation of relatedness coefficients, and can even cause them to fluctuate over generations. Nevertheless, I show that the ultimate criterion for Selection to favour any social trait - i.e. a time-average of Hamilton's rule - remains the same as under particulate inheritance. By eliminating the gene from the theory of Kin Selection, I clarify the role that it plays in the theory of social adaptation.
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the genetical theory of Kin Selection
Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2011Co-Authors: Andy Gardner, Stuart A West, Geoff WildAbstract:Natural Selection operates both directly, via the impact of a trait upon the individual’s own fitness, and indirectly, via the impact of the trait upon the fitness of the individual’s genetically related social partners. These effects are often framed in terms of Hamilton’s rule, rb ) c > 0, which provides the central result of social-evolution theory. However, a number of studies have questioned the generality of Hamilton’s rule, suggesting that it requires restrictive assumptions. Here, we use Fisher’s genetical paradigm to demonstrate the generality of Hamilton’s rule and to clarify links between different studies. We show that confusion has arisen owing to researchers misidentifying model parameters with the b and c terms in Hamilton’s rule, and misidentifying measures of genotypic similarity or genealogical relationship with the coefficient of genetic relatedness, r. More generally, we emphasize the need to distinguish between general Kin-Selection theory that forms the foundations of social evolution, and streamlined Kin-Selection methodology that is used to solve specific problems.
Marian Y. L. Wong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genetic relatedness in social groups of the emerald coral goby Paragobiodon xanthosoma creates potential for weak Kin Selection.
Molecular ecology, 2021Co-Authors: Theresa Rueger, Peter M. Buston, Steven M. Bogdanowicz, Marian Y. L. WongAbstract:Animals forming social groups that include breeders and non-breeders present evolutionary paradoxes; why do breeders tolerate non-breeders? And why do non-breeders tolerate their situation? Both paradoxes are often explained with Kin Selection. Kin Selection is, however, assumed to play little or no role in social group formation of marine organisms with dispersive larval phases. Yet, in some marine organisms, recent evidence suggests small-scale patterns of relatedness, meaning that this assumption must always be tested. Here, we investigated the genetic relatedness of social groups of the emerald coral goby, Paragobiodon xanthosoma. We genotyped 73 individuals, from 16 groups in Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea, at 20 microsatellite loci and estimated pairwise relatedness among all individuals. We found that estimated pairwise relatedness among individuals within groups was significantly higher than the pairwise relatedness among individuals from the same reef, and pairwise relatedness among individuals from the same reef was significantly higher than the pairwise relatedness among individuals from different reefs. This spatial signature suggests that there may be very limited dispersal in this species. The slightly positive relatedness within groups creates the potential for weak Kin Selection, which may help to resolve the paradox of why breeders tolerate subordinates in P. xanthosoma. The other paradox, why non-breeders tolerate their situation, is better explained by alternative hypotheses such as territory inheritance, and ecological and social constraints. We show that even in marine animals with dispersive larval phases, Kin Selection needs to be considered to explain the evolution of complex social groups.
Jacqui A Shykoff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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bacterial cooperation controlled by mobile elements Kin Selection versus infectivity
Heredity, 2011Co-Authors: Tatiana Giraud, Jacqui A ShykoffAbstract:In a recent paper, RanKin et al. (2010) review which traits are carried on mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and why. Much of the review is dedicated to a recent paper (Nogueira et al., 2009) exploring the mechanisms that can maintain cooperative traits coded by MGEs in pathogenic bacteria, for example, the secretion of toxins into the environment, which are costly to individuals that bear them but benefit the local population at large, because they allow host infection. They argue that horizontal transfer of MGEs in bacteria promotes cooperation by a Kin Selection mechanism because transmission increases genetic relatedness at MGEs encoding costly toxins. Here we outline three reasons why their evidence is not sufficient to support Kin Selection maintaining altruism in bacteria carrying cooperative MGEs over the mere property of infectivity of these plasmids (Smith, 2001).
Jan O. Murie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Kin Selection in Columbian ground squirrels: direct and indirect fitness benefits
Molecular Ecology, 2012Co-Authors: F. Stephen Dobson, Vincent A. Viblanc, Coline M. Arnaud, Jan O. MurieAbstract:Empirical and theoretical studies have supported Kin Selection by demonstrating nepotism or modelling its conditions and consequences. As an alternative, we previously found that female Columbian ground squirrels had greater direct fitness when more close Kin were present. Extending those results, we used population matrix methods to calculate minimum estimates of individual fitness, estimated direct and indirect components of fitness, estimated inclusive fitness by adding the direct fitness (stripped of estimated influences of the social environment) and indirect fitness components together, and finally looked for inclusive fitness benefits of associations with close Kin who seem to be 'genial neighbours'. We examined the estimated fitness of a sample of 35 females for which complete lifetimes were known for themselves, their mothers and their littermate sisters. Six of these females had no cosurviving adult close Kin, and their direct fitness was significantly lower than 29 females with such Kin (k = 0.66 vs. k = 1.23). The net fitness benefit of the presence of close Kin was thus 0.57. The estimated indirect component of fitness through benefits to the direct fitness of close Kin was 0.43. Thus, estimated inclusive fitness for females with cosurviving close Kin (k = 1.09) was significantly greater than that for females without surviving close Kin (viz., k = 0.66). The presence of closely related and philopatric female Kin appeared to result in considerable fitness benefits for female ground squirrels, perhaps through the behavioural mechanisms of lowered aggression and other forms of behavioural cooperation.
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Kin Selection in Columbian ground squirrels (Urocitellus columbianus): littermate Kin provide individual fitness benefits.
Biology Letters, 2009Co-Authors: Vincent A. Viblanc, Coline M Arnaud, F Stephen Dobson, Jan O. MurieAbstract:Since W. D. Hamilton's seminal work on the evolution of sociality, a large body of research has accumulated on how Kin Selection might explain the evolution of cooperation in many group-living species. Our study examined the evolutionary basis of philopatry and cooperation; specifically, whether individuals benefit from the presence of close Kin. We applied an individual fitness approach to a 16-year study of Columbian ground squirrels (Urocitellus columbianus) to investigate potential causal paths by which the presence of Kin might act on individual fitness. Our results indicate that individual fitness benefits resulted from associations of philopatric female Kin, and support the hypothesis that increased tolerance of proximity of Kin is a proximate mechanism for these benefits. The major life-history influence of Kin on individual fitness was through improved reproductive success, and this benefit may have been owing to philopatric settlement of Kin that were recognized through familiarization in the natal burrow. Thus, we demonstrated an evolutionary basis necessary for ongoing Kin-selected cooperation in Columbian ground squirrels, though the mechanism of familiarity may determine which Kin individuals benefit from cooperative behaviours.
