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Ronald Szymusiak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the α2 adrenoreceptor agonist clonidine suppresses Seizures whereas the α2 adrenoreceptor antagonist idazoxan promotes Seizures pontine microinfusion studies of amygdala Kindled kittens
Brain Research, 1996Co-Authors: Margaret N Shouse, Paul R Farber, Michael Bier, James Langer, Oscar Alcalde, Melvyn Richkind, Robert Moghimi, Ronald SzymusiakAbstract:This is the first report showing that microinfusion of alpha 2 adrenoreceptor agonists and antagonists into the vicinity of the locus ceruleus (LC) have contrasting effects on evoked amygdala-Kindled Seizure susceptibility. Microinfusion (1 microliter) of the alpha 2 agonist clonidine (CLON) and of the alpha 2 antagonist idazoxan (IDA) were made over 1 min through cannulae in the LC ipsilateral to the Kindled amygdala in 6 kittens. Order of administered drugs (CLON vs. IDA) and dosages (n = 3 each) were partly counterbalanced. Focal and convulsive Seizure thresholds were evaluated 10-12 min post-infusion and compared to thresholds obtained during two, interspersed control conditions (vehicle control = 1 microliter microinfusion of sterile saline; sham control = needle insertion only). CLON significantly elevated focal and generalized Seizure thresholds, whereas IDA significantly reduced Seizure thresholds when compared to controls. Magnitude of effects was dose-dependent. These findings confirm that norepinephrine (NE) is a potent antiepileptic agent. Results also suggest that pontine microinfusions could eventually provide an alternative treatment option for medically refractory limbic epilepsy.
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the α2 adrenoreceptor agonist clonidine suppresses Seizures whereas the α2 adrenoreceptor antagonist idazoxan promotes Seizures in amygdala Kindled kittens a comparison of amygdala and pontine microinfusion effects
Epilepsia, 1996Co-Authors: Margaret N Shouse, Paul R Farber, Michael Bier, James Langer, Oscar Alcalde, Melvyn Richkind, Robert Moghimi, Ronald SzymusiakAbstract:Summary: Purpose: We sought to determine whether local, in vivo microinfusion of an α2-adrenoreceptor agonist and antagonist into either the amygdala or the pons (locus ceruleus, LC) would have contrasting effects on evoked amygdala-Kindled Seizure susceptibility. Methods: The study population consisted of 6 amygdala-Kindled kittens, each undergoing the same protocol, in which the amygdala microinfusion paradigm preceded the pontine microinfusion series. Microinfusions (1 μl) of the α2-agonist clonidine (CLON) and of the α2-antagonist idazoxan (IDA) were made over 1 min through cannulas adjacent to stimulating electrodes in the Kindled amygdala or through cannulas adjacent to recording electrodes in the ipsilateral LC. Order of administered drugs (CLON vs. IDA) and dosages (n = 3 each) was partly counterbalanced. Focal and convulsive Seizure thresholds were evaluated 10–12 min postinfusion and compared to thresholds obtained during two interspersed control control conditions (vehicle control = 1 μl microinfusion of sterile saline; sham control = needle insertion only). Results: CLON significantly increased focal and generalized Seizure thresholds, whereas IDA significantly reduced Seizure thresholds when compared to controls. Magnitude of effects was dose dependent and more potent after pontine than amygdala microinfusion. Conclusions: Our results confirm and extent findings of previous researchers who used unlocalized in vivo manipulations to show that norepinephrine (NE) is a highly antiepileptic agent in the amygdala kindling preparation. With further investigation, the results may ultimately lead to development of microinfusion techniques as an alternative treatment option for limbic epilepsy.
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the α2 agonist clonidine suppresses Seizures whereas the α2 antagonist idazoxan promotes Seizures a microinfusion study in amygdala Kindled kittens
Brain Research, 1994Co-Authors: Margaret N Shouse, Michael Bier, James Langer, Oscar Alcalde, Melvyn Richkind, Ronald SzymusiakAbstract:This is the first report showing that local, in vivo microinfusion of alpha 2-adrenoreceptor agonists and antagonists have contrasting effects on amygdala-Kindled Seizure susceptibility. Microinfusions (1 microliter) of the alpha 2-agonist clonidine (CLON) and of the alpha 2-antagonist idazoxan (IDA) were made over 1 min through cannulae adjacent to stimulating electrodes in five amygdala-Kindled kittens. Order of administered drugs (CLON vs. IDA) and dosages (n = 3 each) was partly counterbalanced. Focal and convulsive Seizure thresholds were evaluated 10-12 min post-infusion and compared to thresholds obtained during two, interspersed control conditions (vehicle control: 1 microliter microinfusion of sterile saline; sham control: needle insertion only). CLON significantly elevated focal and generalized Seizure thresholds, whereas IDA significantly reduced Seizure thresholds when compared to controls. Magnitude of effects was dose-dependent. Results confirm and extend previous findings which employed unlocalized, in vivo manipulations to show that norepinephrine is a potent antiepileptic agent in the amygdala kindling preparation.
Margaret N Shouse - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ontogeny of feline temporal lobe epilepsy in amygdala Kindled kittens an update
Brain Research, 2004Co-Authors: Margaret N Shouse, John C Scordato, Paul R FarberAbstract:Abstract This report describes amygdala-Kindled Seizure development and the post-kindling course in 58 cats (29 males and 29 females), including 40 preadolescents between 2.5 and 6.5 months of age and 18 adults >1 year of age at the beginning of kindling. The results extend previous findings, as follows: (1) Youngest animals ( 1 h after stimulus-evoked Seizures. (2) The youngest animals also exhibit accelerated kindling rates and rapid post-kindling onset of multifocal spontaneous epilepsy with a catastrophic clinical course. The profile includes a variety of EEG and/or clinical Seizure manifestations and a progressive increase in the number and density of convulsive Seizure clusters. Behavioral sequelae accompany Seizure clusters and can range from sensory or motor deficits (visual agnosia, sensory hypersensitivity, atonic episodes, restricted mobility) to social isolation and placidity. (3) Onset of spontaneous epilepsy with developmental deterioration is substantially enhanced by recurrent evoked Seizures early in the post-kindling course. The post-kindling progression can be stopped or minimized by suspension of evoked Seizure trials and/or by management of frequent spontaneous convulsions (>1 per hour) with anticonvulsants. (4) In older cats, many more evoked Seizures are required to generate fewer spontaneous Seizures with relatively innocuous behavioral disorders. The findings suggest a ‘critical period’ in Kindled kittens for onset of spontaneous temporal lobe epilepsy with severe behavioral consequences and a favorable prognosis for the young following early detection and intervention.
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the α2 adrenoreceptor agonist clonidine suppresses Seizures whereas the α2 adrenoreceptor antagonist idazoxan promotes Seizures pontine microinfusion studies of amygdala Kindled kittens
Brain Research, 1996Co-Authors: Margaret N Shouse, Paul R Farber, Michael Bier, James Langer, Oscar Alcalde, Melvyn Richkind, Robert Moghimi, Ronald SzymusiakAbstract:This is the first report showing that microinfusion of alpha 2 adrenoreceptor agonists and antagonists into the vicinity of the locus ceruleus (LC) have contrasting effects on evoked amygdala-Kindled Seizure susceptibility. Microinfusion (1 microliter) of the alpha 2 agonist clonidine (CLON) and of the alpha 2 antagonist idazoxan (IDA) were made over 1 min through cannulae in the LC ipsilateral to the Kindled amygdala in 6 kittens. Order of administered drugs (CLON vs. IDA) and dosages (n = 3 each) were partly counterbalanced. Focal and convulsive Seizure thresholds were evaluated 10-12 min post-infusion and compared to thresholds obtained during two, interspersed control conditions (vehicle control = 1 microliter microinfusion of sterile saline; sham control = needle insertion only). CLON significantly elevated focal and generalized Seizure thresholds, whereas IDA significantly reduced Seizure thresholds when compared to controls. Magnitude of effects was dose-dependent. These findings confirm that norepinephrine (NE) is a potent antiepileptic agent. Results also suggest that pontine microinfusions could eventually provide an alternative treatment option for medically refractory limbic epilepsy.
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the α2 adrenoreceptor agonist clonidine suppresses Seizures whereas the α2 adrenoreceptor antagonist idazoxan promotes Seizures in amygdala Kindled kittens a comparison of amygdala and pontine microinfusion effects
Epilepsia, 1996Co-Authors: Margaret N Shouse, Paul R Farber, Michael Bier, James Langer, Oscar Alcalde, Melvyn Richkind, Robert Moghimi, Ronald SzymusiakAbstract:Summary: Purpose: We sought to determine whether local, in vivo microinfusion of an α2-adrenoreceptor agonist and antagonist into either the amygdala or the pons (locus ceruleus, LC) would have contrasting effects on evoked amygdala-Kindled Seizure susceptibility. Methods: The study population consisted of 6 amygdala-Kindled kittens, each undergoing the same protocol, in which the amygdala microinfusion paradigm preceded the pontine microinfusion series. Microinfusions (1 μl) of the α2-agonist clonidine (CLON) and of the α2-antagonist idazoxan (IDA) were made over 1 min through cannulas adjacent to stimulating electrodes in the Kindled amygdala or through cannulas adjacent to recording electrodes in the ipsilateral LC. Order of administered drugs (CLON vs. IDA) and dosages (n = 3 each) was partly counterbalanced. Focal and convulsive Seizure thresholds were evaluated 10–12 min postinfusion and compared to thresholds obtained during two interspersed control control conditions (vehicle control = 1 μl microinfusion of sterile saline; sham control = needle insertion only). Results: CLON significantly increased focal and generalized Seizure thresholds, whereas IDA significantly reduced Seizure thresholds when compared to controls. Magnitude of effects was dose dependent and more potent after pontine than amygdala microinfusion. Conclusions: Our results confirm and extent findings of previous researchers who used unlocalized in vivo manipulations to show that norepinephrine (NE) is a highly antiepileptic agent in the amygdala kindling preparation. With further investigation, the results may ultimately lead to development of microinfusion techniques as an alternative treatment option for limbic epilepsy.
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the α2 agonist clonidine suppresses Seizures whereas the α2 antagonist idazoxan promotes Seizures a microinfusion study in amygdala Kindled kittens
Brain Research, 1994Co-Authors: Margaret N Shouse, Michael Bier, James Langer, Oscar Alcalde, Melvyn Richkind, Ronald SzymusiakAbstract:This is the first report showing that local, in vivo microinfusion of alpha 2-adrenoreceptor agonists and antagonists have contrasting effects on amygdala-Kindled Seizure susceptibility. Microinfusions (1 microliter) of the alpha 2-agonist clonidine (CLON) and of the alpha 2-antagonist idazoxan (IDA) were made over 1 min through cannulae adjacent to stimulating electrodes in five amygdala-Kindled kittens. Order of administered drugs (CLON vs. IDA) and dosages (n = 3 each) was partly counterbalanced. Focal and convulsive Seizure thresholds were evaluated 10-12 min post-infusion and compared to thresholds obtained during two, interspersed control conditions (vehicle control: 1 microliter microinfusion of sterile saline; sham control: needle insertion only). CLON significantly elevated focal and generalized Seizure thresholds, whereas IDA significantly reduced Seizure thresholds when compared to controls. Magnitude of effects was dose-dependent. Results confirm and extend previous findings which employed unlocalized, in vivo manipulations to show that norepinephrine is a potent antiepileptic agent in the amygdala kindling preparation.
Paul R Farber - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ontogeny of feline temporal lobe epilepsy in amygdala Kindled kittens an update
Brain Research, 2004Co-Authors: Margaret N Shouse, John C Scordato, Paul R FarberAbstract:Abstract This report describes amygdala-Kindled Seizure development and the post-kindling course in 58 cats (29 males and 29 females), including 40 preadolescents between 2.5 and 6.5 months of age and 18 adults >1 year of age at the beginning of kindling. The results extend previous findings, as follows: (1) Youngest animals ( 1 h after stimulus-evoked Seizures. (2) The youngest animals also exhibit accelerated kindling rates and rapid post-kindling onset of multifocal spontaneous epilepsy with a catastrophic clinical course. The profile includes a variety of EEG and/or clinical Seizure manifestations and a progressive increase in the number and density of convulsive Seizure clusters. Behavioral sequelae accompany Seizure clusters and can range from sensory or motor deficits (visual agnosia, sensory hypersensitivity, atonic episodes, restricted mobility) to social isolation and placidity. (3) Onset of spontaneous epilepsy with developmental deterioration is substantially enhanced by recurrent evoked Seizures early in the post-kindling course. The post-kindling progression can be stopped or minimized by suspension of evoked Seizure trials and/or by management of frequent spontaneous convulsions (>1 per hour) with anticonvulsants. (4) In older cats, many more evoked Seizures are required to generate fewer spontaneous Seizures with relatively innocuous behavioral disorders. The findings suggest a ‘critical period’ in Kindled kittens for onset of spontaneous temporal lobe epilepsy with severe behavioral consequences and a favorable prognosis for the young following early detection and intervention.
-
the α2 adrenoreceptor agonist clonidine suppresses Seizures whereas the α2 adrenoreceptor antagonist idazoxan promotes Seizures pontine microinfusion studies of amygdala Kindled kittens
Brain Research, 1996Co-Authors: Margaret N Shouse, Paul R Farber, Michael Bier, James Langer, Oscar Alcalde, Melvyn Richkind, Robert Moghimi, Ronald SzymusiakAbstract:This is the first report showing that microinfusion of alpha 2 adrenoreceptor agonists and antagonists into the vicinity of the locus ceruleus (LC) have contrasting effects on evoked amygdala-Kindled Seizure susceptibility. Microinfusion (1 microliter) of the alpha 2 agonist clonidine (CLON) and of the alpha 2 antagonist idazoxan (IDA) were made over 1 min through cannulae in the LC ipsilateral to the Kindled amygdala in 6 kittens. Order of administered drugs (CLON vs. IDA) and dosages (n = 3 each) were partly counterbalanced. Focal and convulsive Seizure thresholds were evaluated 10-12 min post-infusion and compared to thresholds obtained during two, interspersed control conditions (vehicle control = 1 microliter microinfusion of sterile saline; sham control = needle insertion only). CLON significantly elevated focal and generalized Seizure thresholds, whereas IDA significantly reduced Seizure thresholds when compared to controls. Magnitude of effects was dose-dependent. These findings confirm that norepinephrine (NE) is a potent antiepileptic agent. Results also suggest that pontine microinfusions could eventually provide an alternative treatment option for medically refractory limbic epilepsy.
-
the α2 adrenoreceptor agonist clonidine suppresses Seizures whereas the α2 adrenoreceptor antagonist idazoxan promotes Seizures in amygdala Kindled kittens a comparison of amygdala and pontine microinfusion effects
Epilepsia, 1996Co-Authors: Margaret N Shouse, Paul R Farber, Michael Bier, James Langer, Oscar Alcalde, Melvyn Richkind, Robert Moghimi, Ronald SzymusiakAbstract:Summary: Purpose: We sought to determine whether local, in vivo microinfusion of an α2-adrenoreceptor agonist and antagonist into either the amygdala or the pons (locus ceruleus, LC) would have contrasting effects on evoked amygdala-Kindled Seizure susceptibility. Methods: The study population consisted of 6 amygdala-Kindled kittens, each undergoing the same protocol, in which the amygdala microinfusion paradigm preceded the pontine microinfusion series. Microinfusions (1 μl) of the α2-agonist clonidine (CLON) and of the α2-antagonist idazoxan (IDA) were made over 1 min through cannulas adjacent to stimulating electrodes in the Kindled amygdala or through cannulas adjacent to recording electrodes in the ipsilateral LC. Order of administered drugs (CLON vs. IDA) and dosages (n = 3 each) was partly counterbalanced. Focal and convulsive Seizure thresholds were evaluated 10–12 min postinfusion and compared to thresholds obtained during two interspersed control control conditions (vehicle control = 1 μl microinfusion of sterile saline; sham control = needle insertion only). Results: CLON significantly increased focal and generalized Seizure thresholds, whereas IDA significantly reduced Seizure thresholds when compared to controls. Magnitude of effects was dose dependent and more potent after pontine than amygdala microinfusion. Conclusions: Our results confirm and extent findings of previous researchers who used unlocalized in vivo manipulations to show that norepinephrine (NE) is a highly antiepileptic agent in the amygdala kindling preparation. With further investigation, the results may ultimately lead to development of microinfusion techniques as an alternative treatment option for limbic epilepsy.
Oscar Alcalde - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the α2 adrenoreceptor agonist clonidine suppresses Seizures whereas the α2 adrenoreceptor antagonist idazoxan promotes Seizures pontine microinfusion studies of amygdala Kindled kittens
Brain Research, 1996Co-Authors: Margaret N Shouse, Paul R Farber, Michael Bier, James Langer, Oscar Alcalde, Melvyn Richkind, Robert Moghimi, Ronald SzymusiakAbstract:This is the first report showing that microinfusion of alpha 2 adrenoreceptor agonists and antagonists into the vicinity of the locus ceruleus (LC) have contrasting effects on evoked amygdala-Kindled Seizure susceptibility. Microinfusion (1 microliter) of the alpha 2 agonist clonidine (CLON) and of the alpha 2 antagonist idazoxan (IDA) were made over 1 min through cannulae in the LC ipsilateral to the Kindled amygdala in 6 kittens. Order of administered drugs (CLON vs. IDA) and dosages (n = 3 each) were partly counterbalanced. Focal and convulsive Seizure thresholds were evaluated 10-12 min post-infusion and compared to thresholds obtained during two, interspersed control conditions (vehicle control = 1 microliter microinfusion of sterile saline; sham control = needle insertion only). CLON significantly elevated focal and generalized Seizure thresholds, whereas IDA significantly reduced Seizure thresholds when compared to controls. Magnitude of effects was dose-dependent. These findings confirm that norepinephrine (NE) is a potent antiepileptic agent. Results also suggest that pontine microinfusions could eventually provide an alternative treatment option for medically refractory limbic epilepsy.
-
the α2 adrenoreceptor agonist clonidine suppresses Seizures whereas the α2 adrenoreceptor antagonist idazoxan promotes Seizures in amygdala Kindled kittens a comparison of amygdala and pontine microinfusion effects
Epilepsia, 1996Co-Authors: Margaret N Shouse, Paul R Farber, Michael Bier, James Langer, Oscar Alcalde, Melvyn Richkind, Robert Moghimi, Ronald SzymusiakAbstract:Summary: Purpose: We sought to determine whether local, in vivo microinfusion of an α2-adrenoreceptor agonist and antagonist into either the amygdala or the pons (locus ceruleus, LC) would have contrasting effects on evoked amygdala-Kindled Seizure susceptibility. Methods: The study population consisted of 6 amygdala-Kindled kittens, each undergoing the same protocol, in which the amygdala microinfusion paradigm preceded the pontine microinfusion series. Microinfusions (1 μl) of the α2-agonist clonidine (CLON) and of the α2-antagonist idazoxan (IDA) were made over 1 min through cannulas adjacent to stimulating electrodes in the Kindled amygdala or through cannulas adjacent to recording electrodes in the ipsilateral LC. Order of administered drugs (CLON vs. IDA) and dosages (n = 3 each) was partly counterbalanced. Focal and convulsive Seizure thresholds were evaluated 10–12 min postinfusion and compared to thresholds obtained during two interspersed control control conditions (vehicle control = 1 μl microinfusion of sterile saline; sham control = needle insertion only). Results: CLON significantly increased focal and generalized Seizure thresholds, whereas IDA significantly reduced Seizure thresholds when compared to controls. Magnitude of effects was dose dependent and more potent after pontine than amygdala microinfusion. Conclusions: Our results confirm and extent findings of previous researchers who used unlocalized in vivo manipulations to show that norepinephrine (NE) is a highly antiepileptic agent in the amygdala kindling preparation. With further investigation, the results may ultimately lead to development of microinfusion techniques as an alternative treatment option for limbic epilepsy.
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the α2 agonist clonidine suppresses Seizures whereas the α2 antagonist idazoxan promotes Seizures a microinfusion study in amygdala Kindled kittens
Brain Research, 1994Co-Authors: Margaret N Shouse, Michael Bier, James Langer, Oscar Alcalde, Melvyn Richkind, Ronald SzymusiakAbstract:This is the first report showing that local, in vivo microinfusion of alpha 2-adrenoreceptor agonists and antagonists have contrasting effects on amygdala-Kindled Seizure susceptibility. Microinfusions (1 microliter) of the alpha 2-agonist clonidine (CLON) and of the alpha 2-antagonist idazoxan (IDA) were made over 1 min through cannulae adjacent to stimulating electrodes in five amygdala-Kindled kittens. Order of administered drugs (CLON vs. IDA) and dosages (n = 3 each) was partly counterbalanced. Focal and convulsive Seizure thresholds were evaluated 10-12 min post-infusion and compared to thresholds obtained during two, interspersed control conditions (vehicle control: 1 microliter microinfusion of sterile saline; sham control: needle insertion only). CLON significantly elevated focal and generalized Seizure thresholds, whereas IDA significantly reduced Seizure thresholds when compared to controls. Magnitude of effects was dose-dependent. Results confirm and extend previous findings which employed unlocalized, in vivo manipulations to show that norepinephrine is a potent antiepileptic agent in the amygdala kindling preparation.
Michael Bier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the α2 adrenoreceptor agonist clonidine suppresses Seizures whereas the α2 adrenoreceptor antagonist idazoxan promotes Seizures pontine microinfusion studies of amygdala Kindled kittens
Brain Research, 1996Co-Authors: Margaret N Shouse, Paul R Farber, Michael Bier, James Langer, Oscar Alcalde, Melvyn Richkind, Robert Moghimi, Ronald SzymusiakAbstract:This is the first report showing that microinfusion of alpha 2 adrenoreceptor agonists and antagonists into the vicinity of the locus ceruleus (LC) have contrasting effects on evoked amygdala-Kindled Seizure susceptibility. Microinfusion (1 microliter) of the alpha 2 agonist clonidine (CLON) and of the alpha 2 antagonist idazoxan (IDA) were made over 1 min through cannulae in the LC ipsilateral to the Kindled amygdala in 6 kittens. Order of administered drugs (CLON vs. IDA) and dosages (n = 3 each) were partly counterbalanced. Focal and convulsive Seizure thresholds were evaluated 10-12 min post-infusion and compared to thresholds obtained during two, interspersed control conditions (vehicle control = 1 microliter microinfusion of sterile saline; sham control = needle insertion only). CLON significantly elevated focal and generalized Seizure thresholds, whereas IDA significantly reduced Seizure thresholds when compared to controls. Magnitude of effects was dose-dependent. These findings confirm that norepinephrine (NE) is a potent antiepileptic agent. Results also suggest that pontine microinfusions could eventually provide an alternative treatment option for medically refractory limbic epilepsy.
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the α2 adrenoreceptor agonist clonidine suppresses Seizures whereas the α2 adrenoreceptor antagonist idazoxan promotes Seizures in amygdala Kindled kittens a comparison of amygdala and pontine microinfusion effects
Epilepsia, 1996Co-Authors: Margaret N Shouse, Paul R Farber, Michael Bier, James Langer, Oscar Alcalde, Melvyn Richkind, Robert Moghimi, Ronald SzymusiakAbstract:Summary: Purpose: We sought to determine whether local, in vivo microinfusion of an α2-adrenoreceptor agonist and antagonist into either the amygdala or the pons (locus ceruleus, LC) would have contrasting effects on evoked amygdala-Kindled Seizure susceptibility. Methods: The study population consisted of 6 amygdala-Kindled kittens, each undergoing the same protocol, in which the amygdala microinfusion paradigm preceded the pontine microinfusion series. Microinfusions (1 μl) of the α2-agonist clonidine (CLON) and of the α2-antagonist idazoxan (IDA) were made over 1 min through cannulas adjacent to stimulating electrodes in the Kindled amygdala or through cannulas adjacent to recording electrodes in the ipsilateral LC. Order of administered drugs (CLON vs. IDA) and dosages (n = 3 each) was partly counterbalanced. Focal and convulsive Seizure thresholds were evaluated 10–12 min postinfusion and compared to thresholds obtained during two interspersed control control conditions (vehicle control = 1 μl microinfusion of sterile saline; sham control = needle insertion only). Results: CLON significantly increased focal and generalized Seizure thresholds, whereas IDA significantly reduced Seizure thresholds when compared to controls. Magnitude of effects was dose dependent and more potent after pontine than amygdala microinfusion. Conclusions: Our results confirm and extent findings of previous researchers who used unlocalized in vivo manipulations to show that norepinephrine (NE) is a highly antiepileptic agent in the amygdala kindling preparation. With further investigation, the results may ultimately lead to development of microinfusion techniques as an alternative treatment option for limbic epilepsy.
-
the α2 agonist clonidine suppresses Seizures whereas the α2 antagonist idazoxan promotes Seizures a microinfusion study in amygdala Kindled kittens
Brain Research, 1994Co-Authors: Margaret N Shouse, Michael Bier, James Langer, Oscar Alcalde, Melvyn Richkind, Ronald SzymusiakAbstract:This is the first report showing that local, in vivo microinfusion of alpha 2-adrenoreceptor agonists and antagonists have contrasting effects on amygdala-Kindled Seizure susceptibility. Microinfusions (1 microliter) of the alpha 2-agonist clonidine (CLON) and of the alpha 2-antagonist idazoxan (IDA) were made over 1 min through cannulae adjacent to stimulating electrodes in five amygdala-Kindled kittens. Order of administered drugs (CLON vs. IDA) and dosages (n = 3 each) was partly counterbalanced. Focal and convulsive Seizure thresholds were evaluated 10-12 min post-infusion and compared to thresholds obtained during two, interspersed control conditions (vehicle control: 1 microliter microinfusion of sterile saline; sham control: needle insertion only). CLON significantly elevated focal and generalized Seizure thresholds, whereas IDA significantly reduced Seizure thresholds when compared to controls. Magnitude of effects was dose-dependent. Results confirm and extend previous findings which employed unlocalized, in vivo manipulations to show that norepinephrine is a potent antiepileptic agent in the amygdala kindling preparation.
