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John P Giesy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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spatial distribution and hazard of halogenated flame retardants and polychlorinated biphenyls to common Kingfisher alcedo atthis from a region of south china affected by electronic waste recycling
Environment International, 2019Co-Authors: Ying Peng, Xiaojun Luo, John P Giesy, Xiaowei Zhang, Bixian MaiAbstract:Abstract Numerous studies have reported bioaccumulation of halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in wildlife from electronic waste (e-waste) recycling sites. However, the concentrations and hazards of HFRs and PCBs in wildlife from non–e-waste sites which were not involved in any known e-waste recycling activities in the e-waste–impacted region are still unclear. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), alternative HFRs (AHFRs; including dechlorane plus, decabromodiphenyl ethane, and 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane), and PCBs were quantified in common Kingfishers (Alcedo atthis) from a region affected by e-waste recycling in South China, and potential adverse effects were evaluated. Concentrations of ∑PBDEs and ∑PCBs in Kingfishers ranged from 2.1 × 103–1.3 × 105 ng/g lipid mass (lm) and 2.1 × 103–1.5 × 106 ng/g lm, respectively. At e-waste recycling sites, these concentrations were 100- to 1000-fold greater than those in Kingfishers from non–e-waste areas, where concentrations of ∑PBDEs and ∑PCBs were 16–1.2 × 103 and 39–3.0 × 103 ng/g lm, respectively. Concentrations of ∑AHFRs in Kingfishers from e-waste sites and non–e-waste sites ranged from 8.5 to 3.6 × 102 and 0.8–2.9 × 102 ng/g lm, respectively. The greatest concentrations of PCBs in Kingfishers were measured from the e-waste sites. Additionally, Kingfishers from four non–e-waste sites in the vicinity of e-waste sites had greater PCB concentrations compared to the other six non-e-waste sites. Concentrations of AHFRs were negatively and significantly correlated with distance from an e-waste site, which indicated that AHFRs from non–e-waste sites might be influenced by point sources. Further, a significant (r2 = 0.53, p = 0.02) positive correlation between human population density and concentrations of ∑PBDEs in Kingfishers from non–e-waste sites was observed. Concentrations of either PBDEs or PCBs from e-waste sites might pose severe, adverse reproductive effects to Kingfishers, while the potential for adverse effects of PBDEs and PCBs to Kingfishers from most non–e-waste sites seemed minimal.
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dietary and tissue based exposure of belted Kingfisher to pcdfs and pcdds in the tittabawassee river floodplain midland mi usa
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2012Co-Authors: Rita M Seston, John P Giesy, Timothy B Fredricks, Dustin L Tazelaar, Sarah J Coefield, Patrick W Bradley, Shaun A Roark, John L NewstedAbstract:Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and other dioxin-like compounds in soils and sediments of the Tittabawassee River and associated floodplains downstream of Midland, Michigan, USA, are greater than upstream sites. As a result of these concentrations, which are some of the greatest ever reported, a site-specific exposure assessment of belted Kingfisher breeding in the assessment area was conducted. To reduce the uncertainty associated with predicting exposure from abiotic matrices, concentrations of residues were quantified in site-specific prey items and in eggs and nestlings of belted Kingfisher. Dietary exposure, expressed as the potential average daily dose, based on site-specific concentrations of PCDFs, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TEQWHO-Avian) in prey items was consistently greater along the Tittabawassee River than in associated reference areas and further downstream sites in the Saginaw River. Concentrations of PCDD/DFs in eggs and nestlings of belted Kingfisher varied among sampling areas, being greater in both eggs and nestlings nesting along the Tittabawassee River compared to those of belted Kingfisher from upstream reference areas. Geometric mean concentrations of PCDD/DFs were 130 and 200 ng/kg wet weight in eggs and nestlings of belted Kingfisher, respectively. These concentrations are the equivalent of 84 and 95 ng TEQWHO-Avian/ kg. Site-specific biomagnification factors for select PCDD/DF congeners ranged from <1.0 to 1.8 in belted Kingfisher. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:1158-1168. # 2012 SETAC
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Dietary- and tissue-based exposure of belted Kingfisher to PCDFs and PCDDs in the Tittabawassee River floodplain, Midland, MI, USA.
Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 2012Co-Authors: Rita M Seston, John P Giesy, Timothy B Fredricks, Dustin L Tazelaar, Sarah J Coefield, Patrick W Bradley, Shaun A Roark, John L Newsted, Denise P. Kay, Matthew J. ZwiernikAbstract:Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and other dioxin-like compounds in soils and sediments of the Tittabawassee River and associated floodplains downstream of Midland, Michigan, USA, are greater than upstream sites. As a result of these concentrations, which are some of the greatest ever reported, a site-specific exposure assessment of belted Kingfisher breeding in the assessment area was conducted. To reduce the uncertainty associated with predicting exposure from abiotic matrices, concentrations of residues were quantified in site-specific prey items and in eggs and nestlings of belted Kingfisher. Dietary exposure, expressed as the potential average daily dose, based on site-specific concentrations of PCDFs, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TEQWHO-Avian) in prey items was consistently greater along the Tittabawassee River than in associated reference areas and further downstream sites in the Saginaw River. Concentrations of PCDD/DFs in eggs and nestlings of belted Kingfisher varied among sampling areas, being greater in both eggs and nestlings nesting along the Tittabawassee River compared to those of belted Kingfisher from upstream reference areas. Geometric mean concentrations of PCDD/DFs were 130 and 200 ng/kg wet weight in eggs and nestlings of belted Kingfisher, respectively. These concentrations are the equivalent of 84 and 95 ng TEQWHO-Avian/ kg. Site-specific biomagnification factors for select PCDD/DF congeners ranged from
Ying Peng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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contaminant related oxidative distress in common Kingfisher alcedo atthis breeding at an e waste site in south china
Environmental Research, 2020Co-Authors: Jiang-ping Wu, Ying Peng, Sikang Wu, Xiaoyun Chen, Yanhong ZengAbstract:The crude electronic waste (e-waste) recycling has caused severe contamination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the local environment, begging the question of whether wildlife like birds living at e-waste sites are suffering from adverse effects. We examined several oxidative status markers and their relationships with hepatic concentrations of PCBs and PBDEs in common Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) that inhabit an e-waste site in South China. The results showed that the mean concentrations of ∑PCBs (19100 ng/g) and ∑PBDEs (507 ng/g) in Kingfishers from e-waste site were several orders of magnitude higher than those in the species from a reference site. Correspondingly, hepatic concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Kingfishers from the e-waste site were significantly higher than those detected in the reference population, suggesting oxidative distress in the birds breeding at the e-waste site. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the liver from the exposed group were significantly lower compared with the reference group, while the opposite trend was observed for glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Significantly positive correlations were observed between PCB or PBDE concentrations and the levels of MDA and ROS; while negative correlations were found for enzymatic activities of SOD and CAT. Overall, our results may suggest a potential linkage between exposure to e-waste-derived pollutants and elevated oxidative stress, thereby indicating a potential oxidative stress-related health effects in common Kingfisher breeding at the e-waste site.
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spatial distribution and hazard of halogenated flame retardants and polychlorinated biphenyls to common Kingfisher alcedo atthis from a region of south china affected by electronic waste recycling
Environment International, 2019Co-Authors: Ying Peng, Xiaojun Luo, John P Giesy, Xiaowei Zhang, Bixian MaiAbstract:Abstract Numerous studies have reported bioaccumulation of halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in wildlife from electronic waste (e-waste) recycling sites. However, the concentrations and hazards of HFRs and PCBs in wildlife from non–e-waste sites which were not involved in any known e-waste recycling activities in the e-waste–impacted region are still unclear. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), alternative HFRs (AHFRs; including dechlorane plus, decabromodiphenyl ethane, and 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane), and PCBs were quantified in common Kingfishers (Alcedo atthis) from a region affected by e-waste recycling in South China, and potential adverse effects were evaluated. Concentrations of ∑PBDEs and ∑PCBs in Kingfishers ranged from 2.1 × 103–1.3 × 105 ng/g lipid mass (lm) and 2.1 × 103–1.5 × 106 ng/g lm, respectively. At e-waste recycling sites, these concentrations were 100- to 1000-fold greater than those in Kingfishers from non–e-waste areas, where concentrations of ∑PBDEs and ∑PCBs were 16–1.2 × 103 and 39–3.0 × 103 ng/g lm, respectively. Concentrations of ∑AHFRs in Kingfishers from e-waste sites and non–e-waste sites ranged from 8.5 to 3.6 × 102 and 0.8–2.9 × 102 ng/g lm, respectively. The greatest concentrations of PCBs in Kingfishers were measured from the e-waste sites. Additionally, Kingfishers from four non–e-waste sites in the vicinity of e-waste sites had greater PCB concentrations compared to the other six non-e-waste sites. Concentrations of AHFRs were negatively and significantly correlated with distance from an e-waste site, which indicated that AHFRs from non–e-waste sites might be influenced by point sources. Further, a significant (r2 = 0.53, p = 0.02) positive correlation between human population density and concentrations of ∑PBDEs in Kingfishers from non–e-waste sites was observed. Concentrations of either PBDEs or PCBs from e-waste sites might pose severe, adverse reproductive effects to Kingfishers, while the potential for adverse effects of PBDEs and PCBs to Kingfishers from most non–e-waste sites seemed minimal.
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contamination of organohalogen chemicals and hepatic steatosis in common Kingfisher alcedo atthis breeding at a nature reserve near e waste recycling sites in south china
Science of The Total Environment, 2019Co-Authors: Ying Peng, Xiaoyun Chen, Yanhong Zeng, Hui Zhi, Lin Tao, Xiaojun Luo, Bixian MaiAbstract:Abstract Severe pollution of organohalogen compounds (OHCs) including PBDEs, PCBs and DDTs is demonstrated in e-waste recycling sites and metropolis in South China, but relatively little is known of their impacts on wildlife that inhabits nature reserves in this region, especially those located at the neighborhood areas of e-waste recycling sites. In the present study, PBDEs, PCBs and DDTs as well as liver histological changes were examined in common Kingfisher breeding at a nature reserve (Shimentai National Nature Reserve, SNNR) near a notorious e-waste recycling site in South China. Mean ∑PBDEs (84.9 ng/g lipid weight), ∑PCBs (397 ng/g) and ∑TEQs (total toxic equivalent of coplanar PCBs, 2.68 ng/g) concentrations in Kingfishers from SNNR were approximately 2-, 5-, and 4-fold higher than those detected in a reference population, respectively; suggesting contamination of the e-waste-derived OHCs in SNNR. Mean ∑DDTs concentration (2150 ng/g) in Kingfishers from SNNR was also higher (~2-fold) than that from the reference samples. While ∑DDTs dominated the composition of the OHCs at both sampling sites, ∑PCBs was also important in Kingfishers from SNNR, averaging 15% of ∑OHCs. Histological examination of the liver showed steatosis occurred in 60% of the Kingfishers from SNNR. Birds with hepatic steatosis had significantly (p = 0.03) higher ∑TEQs than those without steatosis. Similar trends were also found for ∑PCBs and ∑DDTs, although it is not statistically significant. It therefore seems likely that the hepatic steatosis were associated with the relatively high body-burden of OHCs, although the possibility of other factors resulting in hepatic steatosis cannot be ruled out.
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hepatic ethoxyresorufin o deethylase induction in the common Kingfisher from an electronic waste recycling site
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2016Co-Authors: Jiang-ping Wu, Ling Mo, Ying PengAbstract:The health effects of exposure to electronic waste (e-waste)-derived pollutants are an important issue. The authors explored the association between the hepatic levels of e-waste-derived halogenated contaminants (including polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], polybrominated diphenyl ethers [PBDEs], and polybrominated biphenyls [PBBs]) and hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity of the common Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) from an e-waste site and 2 reference sites in South China. The summed concentrations of PCBs, PBDEs, and PBBs ranged from 620 ng/g to 15 000 ng/g, 25 ng/g to 900 ng/g, and 14 ng/g to 49 ng/g wet weight, respectively, in the Kingfishers from the e-waste site, and these values were significantly greater (2-3 orders of magnitude) than those obtained at the 2 reference sites. Correspondingly, significant hepatic EROD induction was observed in the Kingfishers from the e-waste site compared with the reference sites. The EROD activity was significantly correlated to the levels of most of the PCB and PBDE congeners examined as well as PBB 153, suggesting that EROD induction may be evoked by these e-waste-derived pollutants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1594-1599. © 2015 SETAC.
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Hepatic EROD induction in the common Kingfisher from an e‐waste recycling site
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2016Co-Authors: Jiang-ping Wu, Ling Mo, Ying PengAbstract:The health effects of exposure to electronic waste (e-waste) derived pollutants are an important issue. We explored the association between the hepatic levels of e-waste derived halogenated contaminants, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), and hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity of the common Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) from an e-waste site and two reference sites in South China. The summed concentrations of PCBs, PBDEs, and PBBs ranged from 620–15000, 25–900, and 14–49 ng/g wet weight, respectively, in the Kingfishers from the e-waste site, and these values were significantly greater (2–3 orders of magnitude) than those obtained at the two reference sites. Correspondingly, significant hepatic EROD induction was observed in the Kingfishers from the e-waste site compared with the reference sites. EROD activity was significantly correlated to the levels of most of the PCB and PBDE congeners examined as well as PBB 153, suggesting that EROD induction may be evoked by these e-waste derived pollutants. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
John L Newsted - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dietary and tissue based exposure of belted Kingfisher to pcdfs and pcdds in the tittabawassee river floodplain midland mi usa
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2012Co-Authors: Rita M Seston, John P Giesy, Timothy B Fredricks, Dustin L Tazelaar, Sarah J Coefield, Patrick W Bradley, Shaun A Roark, John L NewstedAbstract:Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and other dioxin-like compounds in soils and sediments of the Tittabawassee River and associated floodplains downstream of Midland, Michigan, USA, are greater than upstream sites. As a result of these concentrations, which are some of the greatest ever reported, a site-specific exposure assessment of belted Kingfisher breeding in the assessment area was conducted. To reduce the uncertainty associated with predicting exposure from abiotic matrices, concentrations of residues were quantified in site-specific prey items and in eggs and nestlings of belted Kingfisher. Dietary exposure, expressed as the potential average daily dose, based on site-specific concentrations of PCDFs, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TEQWHO-Avian) in prey items was consistently greater along the Tittabawassee River than in associated reference areas and further downstream sites in the Saginaw River. Concentrations of PCDD/DFs in eggs and nestlings of belted Kingfisher varied among sampling areas, being greater in both eggs and nestlings nesting along the Tittabawassee River compared to those of belted Kingfisher from upstream reference areas. Geometric mean concentrations of PCDD/DFs were 130 and 200 ng/kg wet weight in eggs and nestlings of belted Kingfisher, respectively. These concentrations are the equivalent of 84 and 95 ng TEQWHO-Avian/ kg. Site-specific biomagnification factors for select PCDD/DF congeners ranged from <1.0 to 1.8 in belted Kingfisher. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:1158-1168. # 2012 SETAC
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Dietary- and tissue-based exposure of belted Kingfisher to PCDFs and PCDDs in the Tittabawassee River floodplain, Midland, MI, USA.
Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 2012Co-Authors: Rita M Seston, John P Giesy, Timothy B Fredricks, Dustin L Tazelaar, Sarah J Coefield, Patrick W Bradley, Shaun A Roark, John L Newsted, Denise P. Kay, Matthew J. ZwiernikAbstract:Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and other dioxin-like compounds in soils and sediments of the Tittabawassee River and associated floodplains downstream of Midland, Michigan, USA, are greater than upstream sites. As a result of these concentrations, which are some of the greatest ever reported, a site-specific exposure assessment of belted Kingfisher breeding in the assessment area was conducted. To reduce the uncertainty associated with predicting exposure from abiotic matrices, concentrations of residues were quantified in site-specific prey items and in eggs and nestlings of belted Kingfisher. Dietary exposure, expressed as the potential average daily dose, based on site-specific concentrations of PCDFs, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TEQWHO-Avian) in prey items was consistently greater along the Tittabawassee River than in associated reference areas and further downstream sites in the Saginaw River. Concentrations of PCDD/DFs in eggs and nestlings of belted Kingfisher varied among sampling areas, being greater in both eggs and nestlings nesting along the Tittabawassee River compared to those of belted Kingfisher from upstream reference areas. Geometric mean concentrations of PCDD/DFs were 130 and 200 ng/kg wet weight in eggs and nestlings of belted Kingfisher, respectively. These concentrations are the equivalent of 84 and 95 ng TEQWHO-Avian/ kg. Site-specific biomagnification factors for select PCDD/DF congeners ranged from
Rita M Seston - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dietary and tissue based exposure of belted Kingfisher to pcdfs and pcdds in the tittabawassee river floodplain midland mi usa
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2012Co-Authors: Rita M Seston, John P Giesy, Timothy B Fredricks, Dustin L Tazelaar, Sarah J Coefield, Patrick W Bradley, Shaun A Roark, John L NewstedAbstract:Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and other dioxin-like compounds in soils and sediments of the Tittabawassee River and associated floodplains downstream of Midland, Michigan, USA, are greater than upstream sites. As a result of these concentrations, which are some of the greatest ever reported, a site-specific exposure assessment of belted Kingfisher breeding in the assessment area was conducted. To reduce the uncertainty associated with predicting exposure from abiotic matrices, concentrations of residues were quantified in site-specific prey items and in eggs and nestlings of belted Kingfisher. Dietary exposure, expressed as the potential average daily dose, based on site-specific concentrations of PCDFs, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TEQWHO-Avian) in prey items was consistently greater along the Tittabawassee River than in associated reference areas and further downstream sites in the Saginaw River. Concentrations of PCDD/DFs in eggs and nestlings of belted Kingfisher varied among sampling areas, being greater in both eggs and nestlings nesting along the Tittabawassee River compared to those of belted Kingfisher from upstream reference areas. Geometric mean concentrations of PCDD/DFs were 130 and 200 ng/kg wet weight in eggs and nestlings of belted Kingfisher, respectively. These concentrations are the equivalent of 84 and 95 ng TEQWHO-Avian/ kg. Site-specific biomagnification factors for select PCDD/DF congeners ranged from <1.0 to 1.8 in belted Kingfisher. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:1158-1168. # 2012 SETAC
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Dietary- and tissue-based exposure of belted Kingfisher to PCDFs and PCDDs in the Tittabawassee River floodplain, Midland, MI, USA.
Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 2012Co-Authors: Rita M Seston, John P Giesy, Timothy B Fredricks, Dustin L Tazelaar, Sarah J Coefield, Patrick W Bradley, Shaun A Roark, John L Newsted, Denise P. Kay, Matthew J. ZwiernikAbstract:Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and other dioxin-like compounds in soils and sediments of the Tittabawassee River and associated floodplains downstream of Midland, Michigan, USA, are greater than upstream sites. As a result of these concentrations, which are some of the greatest ever reported, a site-specific exposure assessment of belted Kingfisher breeding in the assessment area was conducted. To reduce the uncertainty associated with predicting exposure from abiotic matrices, concentrations of residues were quantified in site-specific prey items and in eggs and nestlings of belted Kingfisher. Dietary exposure, expressed as the potential average daily dose, based on site-specific concentrations of PCDFs, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TEQWHO-Avian) in prey items was consistently greater along the Tittabawassee River than in associated reference areas and further downstream sites in the Saginaw River. Concentrations of PCDD/DFs in eggs and nestlings of belted Kingfisher varied among sampling areas, being greater in both eggs and nestlings nesting along the Tittabawassee River compared to those of belted Kingfisher from upstream reference areas. Geometric mean concentrations of PCDD/DFs were 130 and 200 ng/kg wet weight in eggs and nestlings of belted Kingfisher, respectively. These concentrations are the equivalent of 84 and 95 ng TEQWHO-Avian/ kg. Site-specific biomagnification factors for select PCDD/DF congeners ranged from
Jeffrey F. Kelly - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Reproductive success of belted Kingfishers on the upper Hudson River
Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Eli S. Bridge, Jeffrey F. KellyAbstract:Belted Kingfishers (Megaceryle alcyon) are predators in many North American aquatic ecosystems; as such, they are prone to bioaccumulation of certain environmental contaminants. In 2002 and 2004, Kingfisher eggs collected near the upper Hudson River in New York had elevated concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and the Kingfisher population in this area was reported to be at risk because of PCB exposure. From 2007 to 2009, the authors monitored 69 Kingfisher nests on the Hudson River to track both nest success and survival of individual nestlings. The study site consisted of 2 adjacent sections of the Hudson River, 1 upstream and 1 downstream of a historic PCB source. The authors compared models of nest success that differentially incorporated the following 4 variables that they deemed most likely to affect reproductive output: 1) river section (upstream vs downstream of PCB source), 2) year, 3) hatch date, and 4) abandonment by 1 parent. After ranking models according to Akaike's information criterion for small sample sizes, it was clear that parental abandonment was the most important of the factors examined. River section was not an important parameter, and overall nesting success was slightly higher in the PCB-contaminated section than in the upstream area. These findings support the conclusion that Kingfisher productivity is not adversely impacted by PCB contamination in the upper Hudson River.
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Effects of scale‐dependent variation in ice cover on the distribution of wintering belted Kingfishers Ceryle alcyon
Ecography, 1997Co-Authors: Jeffrey F. Kelly, Beatrice Van HomeAbstract:understanding of the factors that regulate distributions within current ranges. These types of investigations require spatially and temporally explicit examination of the scales at which a species responds to environmental factors. To obtain this type of information, we analyzed the relationship between ice cover and abundance, distribution, and spacing of belted Kingfishers Ceryle alcyon during the autumn/winters of 1993-1994 and 1994-1995. Our results indicate that the effects of ice cover on Kingfisher populations are complex and scale dependent. At a small spatial scale (0.5 km) the abundance of Kingfishers was negatively correlated with ice cover, as we expected. At a large spatial scale (15.5 km), however, there was no relationship between these variables. We argue this contradiction in our results is due to differences in the patchiness of ice cover at these scales. In a year with average winter temperatures (1993-1994) the spatial and temporal autocorrelation of ice cover and Kingfisher distribution were similar. In a warm year (1994-1995), however, we found no such similarity. Neighbor distances were shorter during the cold year than during the warm year and shorter during censuses with extensive ice cover than censuses with sparse ice cover. We conclude that ice cover is a key factor regulating the distribution and abundance of belted Kingfishers in our study area during cold to average years, but that during warm years other factors are likely to be more important. Based on these patterns we think that patterns of ice cover may be important in mediating the response of Kingfishers to changes in climate.
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Effects of substrate on prey use by belted Kingfishers (Ceryle alcyon): a test of the prey abundance – availability assumption
Canadian Journal of Zoology, 1996Co-Authors: Jeffrey F. KellyAbstract:Foraging trials were conducted using belted Kingfishers (Ceryle alcyon) to examine relationships among prey abundance, availability, and use. Because these relationships are affected by the preference of the predator, I also determined the prey preference of belted Kingfishers. Fish (Pimephales promelas and Catostomus commersoni) and crayfish (Orconectes spp.) were exposed to predation by 12 wild belted Kingfishers under 4 treatments in which prey availability was manipulated by altering habitat structure. The preferred prey of belted Kingfishers were relatively large fish (11–13 cm long). In structurally simple habitats, prey use by belted Kingfishers reflected this preference. Complex habitat structure reduced the availability of preferred prey items and resulted in prey use that did not differ from the initial prey abundance distribution. These experiments demonstrated that prey abundance was not equivalent to availability and that habitat structure and prey preference had important effects on the rela...
