The Experts below are selected from a list of 84 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Karl Kordesch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cells and Stacks
Reference Module in Chemistry Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering, 2020Co-Authors: Viktor Hacker, S. D. Fraser, A. Schenk, Karl KordeschAbstract:Alkaline fuel cells (AFCs) were the technology of choice in the pioneering days of fuel cell technology, and were thus used in many well-known historical fuel cell applications. The 1959 Allis–Chalmers fuel cell tractor, the 1967 General Motors Electrovan, and the 1970 Kordesch Austin fuel cell/battery hybrid city car were brilliant displays of fuel cell technology for their time and provided scientists and engineers with an idea of what fuel cell technology would be capable of doing in the future. All three of the aforementioned vehicles were powered by AFCs. Alkaline fuel cell systems have also been developed for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Apollo spacecraft and the Space Shuttle Orbiter.
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Uninterrupted Power Source
2020Co-Authors: Robert R. Aronsson, Karl Kordesch, Viktor Hacker, Martin Cifrain, Gottfried Faleschini, Gerold Koscher, Fort Lauderdale, Chris BordeauxAbstract:Accomplishments • Since the inception of this project, testing of a 300-watt Apollo alkaline fuel cell coupled with a lead cobalt battery has been carried out. • In December, 2002, a 2.2-kW alkaline fuel cell and lead-acid battery were tested at Hydrolec Incorporated of Jacksonville, Florida, one of Apollo's customers. • From January to June, 2002, a 2.5-kW alkaline fuel cell was tested by Apollo at a fuel cell manufacturing plant in Cologne, Germany. • Preparations are being made in September, 2003, to test a 2-kW alkaline fuel cell and lead cobalt battery at the Florida Atlantic University. • An ammonia cracker was developed and tested at the Technical University of Graz in Austria under the direction of Dr. Karl Kordesch. This provides an excellent method of delivering hydrogen to the fuel cell. • The ammonia cracker has been in continuous operation at Apollo's laboratory in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. • A larger and more advanced version of the ammonia cracker was developed and tested at the Apollo Fuel Cell Laboratory in Austria and has been sent to Fort Lauderdale, Florida, for further testing and evaluation. Plans are to test it at the Florida Atlantic University.
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Fuel Cells – Alkaline Fuel Cells | Cells and Stacks
Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources, 2009Co-Authors: S. D. Fraser, Violaine Hacker, Karl KordeschAbstract:Alkaline fuel cells (AFCs) were the technology of choice in the pioneering days of fuel cell technology, and were thus used in many well-known historical fuel cell applications. The 1959 Allis-Chalmers fuel cell tractor, the 1967 General Motors Electrovan, and the 1970 Kordesch Austin fuel cell/battery hybrid city car were brilliant displays of fuel cell technology for their time and provided scientists and engineers with an idea of what fuel cell technology would be capable of doing in the future. All three of the aforementioned vehicles were powered by AFCs. Alkaline fuel cell systems have also been developed for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Apollo spacecraft and the Space Shuttle Orbiter. Despite all these successful demonstrations of {AFC} technology, many key players in the fuel cell industry nevertheless decided to shift their focus toward the emerging proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology in the 1980s and 1990s. But to date, {PEMFC} technology may not hold the promise of providing simple, cheap, and durable fuel cells. {AFC} technology has therefore witnessed a renewal of interest in the recent years, as some of the fundamental problems of {PEMFCs} can be avoided or solved using an {AFC} design. One of the keys to converting Alkaline fuel cell technology into a feasible option for commercial applications is the cell and stack design. This article provides an overview of the fundamental considerations in developing AFCs.
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Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources - FUEL CELLS – ALKALINE FUEL CELLS | Cells and Stacks
Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources, 2009Co-Authors: S. D. Fraser, Viktor Hacker, Karl KordeschAbstract:Alkaline fuel cells (AFCs) were the technology of choice in the pioneering days of fuel cell technology, and were thus used in many well-known historical fuel cell applications. The 1959 Allis-Chalmers fuel cell tractor, the 1967 General Motors Electrovan, and the 1970 Kordesch Austin fuel cell/battery hybrid city car were brilliant displays of fuel cell technology for their time and provided scientists and engineers with an idea of what fuel cell technology would be capable of doing in the future. All three of the aforementioned vehicles were powered by AFCs. Alkaline fuel cell systems have also been developed for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Apollo spacecraft and the Space Shuttle Orbiter. Despite all these successful demonstrations of AFC technology, many key players in the fuel cell industry nevertheless decided to shift their focus toward the emerging proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology in the 1980s and 1990s. But to date, PEMFC technology may not hold the promise of providing simple, cheap, and durable fuel cells. AFC technology has therefore witnessed a renewal of interest in the recent years, as some of the fundamental problems of PEMFCs can be avoided or solved using an AFC design. One of the keys to converting Alkaline fuel cell technology into a feasible option for commercial applications is the cell and stack design. This article provides an overview of the fundamental considerations in developing AFCs.
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The Safe and Economic Revival of Alkaline Hydrogen/Air Fuel Cells with Circulating Electrolytes, Recommended for Vehicles Using Battery Hybrid Systems and H2 from Ammonia Crackers
ECS Transactions, 2008Co-Authors: Karl Kordesch, Viktor Hacker, Martin Cifrain, Thomas Hejze, Klaus Reichmann, Robert R. AronssonAbstract:Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFCs): The Bacon Fuel Cell, the ApolloNASA Space Shuttle and the Russian Systems, the Allis-Chalmers H2/O2 Tractor, the Union Carbide Corp. H2-O2 GM-Electrovan, the Kordesch Austin-Fuel Cell Hybrid Car, the Eloflux and the Elenco system and the European Space (ESA) Power Plant for HERMES. Also: the Dornier-Siemens and the Swedish Navy systems, Olle Lindstrom s work in Stockholm and in India, The Fuel Cells by Hoechst and von ZeTeK. A Bipolar System was built in Graz and at Apollo Energy Systems, Inc., 2 kW AFCs were tested with NH3. Liquified ammonia, available in low pressure cylinders, can be converted to 75 % H2, 25 % N2 with high efficiency. The capacity per weight and volume of ammonia as fuel surpasses methanol. Ammonia is produced worldwide in amounts of several 100 million tons per year and is produced from natural gas. Ammonia is available on farms. Refrigerators worked safely with ammonia. Internal combustion engines operate on cracked ammonia (a 75 % H2 and 25 % N2 mix) with increased power and higher efficiency 1. Hydrogen/Oxygen (Air) Fuel Cells with Alkaline Electrolytes General Principles (1, 2, 3) Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFCs) operate well at room temperatures, yield the highest voltage at comparable current densities, but the use of KOH requires the removal of CO2 from reformed fuels and control of the CO2 in the air. The electrodes can be built from low-cost porous materials ( e.g. carbon, Ni-foam) with small amounts of catalysts. The components and accessories for a system with circulating electrolyte are fully developed. Alkaline Fuel Cells excel in operating at intermittent duty cycles, like in mobile service, but can also be used in stationary applications, like houses (Solar Power) and on Farms (with Ammonia Cracker). Military applications are looked for in sizes from 150 W to several kW for charging accumulators in the field. Alkaline fuel cells normally use an aqueous solution (30 to 45 wt.%) of potassium hydroxide (KOH) as electrolyte, either mobilized or immobilized. Also, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) would be possible, but has some disadvantages, especially the much lower solubility of sodium carbonate compared to potassium carbonate. Hydroxyl anions diffuse continuously from the cathode to the anode. Most of the reaction water leaves on the anode side through the pores, but a small amount of water vapor is also removed via
Robert R. Aronson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Alkaline fuel cells applications
Journal of Power Sources, 2000Co-Authors: Karl Kordesch, Josef Gsellmann, Mathias Ortner, Viktor Hacker, Martin Cifrain, Gottfried Faleschini, Peter Enzinger, Robert Fankhauser, Michael Muhr, Robert R. AronsonAbstract:Abstract On the world-wide automobile market technical developments are increasingly determined by the dramatic restriction on emissions as well as the regimentation of fuel consumption by legislation. Therefore there is an increasing chance of a completely new technology breakthrough if it offers new opportunities, meeting the requirements of resource preservation and emission restrictions. Fuel cell technology offers the possibility to excel in today's motive power techniques in terms of environmental compatibility, consumer's profit, costs of maintenance and efficiency. The key question is economy. This will be decided by the costs of fuel cell systems if they are to be used as power generators for future electric vehicles. The alkaline hydrogen–air fuel cell system with circulating KOH electrolyte and low-cost catalysed carbon electrodes could be a promising alternative. Based on the experiences of Kordesch [K. Kordesch, Brennstoffbatterien, Springer, Wien, 1984, ISBN 3-387-81819-7; K. Kordesch, City car with H2–air fuel cell and lead–battery, SAE Paper No. 719015, 6th IECEC, 1971], who operated a city car hybrid vehicle on public roads for 3 years in the early 1970s, improved air electrodes plus new variations of the bipolar stack assembly developed in Graz are investigated. Primary fuel choice will be a major issue until such time as cost-effective, on-board hydrogen storage is developed. Ammonia is an interesting option. The whole system, ammonia dissociator plus alkaline fuel cell (AFC), is characterised by a simple design and high efficiency.
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Alkaline fuel cells applications
Journal of Power Sources, 2000Co-Authors: Karl Kordesch, Violaine Hacker, Josef Gsellmann, Mathias Ortner, Martin Cifrain, Gottfried Faleschini, Peter Enzinger, Robert Fankhauser, Michael Muhr, Robert R. AronsonAbstract:On the world-wide automobile market technical developments are increasingly determined by the dramatic restriction on emissions as well as the regimentation of fuel consumption by legislation. Therefore there is an increasing chance of a completely new technology breakthrough if it offers new opportunities, meeting the requirements of resource preservation and emission restrictions. Fuel cell technology offers the possibility to excel in today's motive power techniques in terms of environmental compatibility, consumer's profit, costs of maintenance and efficiency. The key question is economy. This will be decided by the costs of fuel cell systems if they are to be used as power generators for future electric vehicles. The alkaline hydrogen-air fuel cell system with circulating KOH electrolyte and low-cost catalyzed carbon electrodes could be a promising alternative. Based on the experiences of Kordesch, who operated a city car hybrid vehicle on public roads for 3 years in the early 1970s, improved air electrodes plus new variations of the bipolar stack assembly developed in Graz are investigated. Primary fuel choice will be a major issue until such time as cost-effective, on-board hydrogen storage is developed. Ammonia is an interesting option. The whole system, ammonia dissociator plus alkaline fuel cell (AFC), is characterized by a simple design and high efficiency.
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Intermittent use of a low-cost alkaline fuel cell-hybrid system for electric vehicles
Journal of Power Sources, 1999Co-Authors: Karl Kordesch, Martin Cifrain, Robert R. Aronson, Josef Gsellmann, Susanne Voss, Victor Hacker, Christoph Fabjan, Thomas Hejze, Josef Daniel-ivadAbstract:Abstract Alkaline fuel cell (AFC) hybrids with the capability to shut down completely between uses (by draining the circulating KOH electrolyte) can expect an operating life of about 4000 h, which is equivalent to 200,000 km of driving, They should be able to compete on cost with heat engines (US$50 to US$100 per kW). An early model is the hydrogen/air fuel cell lead–acid hybrid car, built by K. Kordesch in the 1970s. Improved air electrodes plus new variations of the bipolar stack assembly developed in Graz, make success probable. In cooperation with Electric Auto (EAC), an ammonia cracker is also in development. A RAM™ battery–AFC hybrid combination has been optimized.
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New aspects for hybrid electric vehicles with alkaline fuel cells and RAM( ) - batteries
1999Co-Authors: Karl Kordesch, Martin Cifrain, Robert R. Aronson, Josef Gsellmann, S. Voss, Josef Daniel-ivadAbstract:Present efforts for Fuel Cell operated electric vehicles concentrate on the PEM-Fuel Cell System. The key question is the economy. The main objective is it to lower the fuel cell system cost on a mass production scale to the range of $ 100 to $ 150 per kW, which is then competitive with car engines, which cost only $ 50 to 75 per kW. An alternative solution is now suggested. The alkaline Hydrogen-Air fuel cell system with circulating KOH-electrolyte and low-cost catalyzed carbon electrodes has a simple design and a good efficiency (high voltage). Current densities of 200 to 300 mA/cm 2 are expected with operation on Air at 80 °C. The Austin A-40 City Car Hybrid vehicle which K. Kordesch operated on public roads for 3 years, demonstrated already in the early 1970's that the useful life of the alkaline system with circulating electrolyte can be increased by completely shutting down the fuel cell part of the hybrid system. In this way, only the operating hours during driving time of the vehicle are counted. As example: for an average combustion engine, 3000 - 4000 actual operating hours are sufficient for 200.000 km driving. In cooperation with EAC, a Propulsion Fuel, which is the product of thermal-catalytic cracking of ammonia, is developed.
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Long life expectancy of alkaline fuel cells in hybrid vehicles
1998Co-Authors: Karl Kordesch, Josef Gsellmann, Robert R. AronsonAbstract:The alkaline Hydrogen-Air fuel cell system with circulating KOH-electrolyte and low-cost catalyzed carbon electrodes has a simple design and a good efficiency (high voltage). With new electrodes current densities of 200 to 300 mA/cm 2 are expected with air operation at 80 o C. The Austin A-40 City Car Hybrid vehicle which K. Kordesch operated on public roads for 3 years, demonstrated already in the early 1970s that the useful life of the alkaline system with circulating electrolyte can be increased by completely shutting down the fuel cell part of an AFC-lead-acid battery hybrid system. In this way, only the operating hours during driving time of the vehicle are counting and the electrode deterioration processes going on at open circuit (e.g. carbon oxidation, deep wetting of the electrode interface, parasitic current phenomena, etc.) are reduced. Like with a combustion engine, 3000--4000 actual operating hours are what are required for 200.000 km driving. The stacks, which use low-cost modular cell units, could be replaced after that. Another objective is to lower the fuel cell system cost on a mass production scale to the range of $ 100 to 150 per kW, which is then competitive with car engines, which cost onlymore » $ 50 to 75 per kW. No other fuel cell system could even approach such cost estimates. For reasons demanded by space requirements the historic development of AFC's shifted to matrix AFC systems. However, for terrestrial applications the use of circulation systems is more advantageous for thermal and water management. Jet pumps are usable for providing a load-dependent gas circulation. The exchangeability of the KOH makes it possible to operate on air with a less than complete removal of the CO{sub 2}. Cell reversal of series-connected cells, a frequent failure mode during shut-down and starting, is one of the main causes for the short life of electrodes in a high voltage stack. It can be prevented by a parallel, potential providing circuit.« less
Martin Cifrain - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Uninterrupted Power Source
2020Co-Authors: Robert R. Aronsson, Karl Kordesch, Viktor Hacker, Martin Cifrain, Gottfried Faleschini, Gerold Koscher, Fort Lauderdale, Chris BordeauxAbstract:Accomplishments • Since the inception of this project, testing of a 300-watt Apollo alkaline fuel cell coupled with a lead cobalt battery has been carried out. • In December, 2002, a 2.2-kW alkaline fuel cell and lead-acid battery were tested at Hydrolec Incorporated of Jacksonville, Florida, one of Apollo's customers. • From January to June, 2002, a 2.5-kW alkaline fuel cell was tested by Apollo at a fuel cell manufacturing plant in Cologne, Germany. • Preparations are being made in September, 2003, to test a 2-kW alkaline fuel cell and lead cobalt battery at the Florida Atlantic University. • An ammonia cracker was developed and tested at the Technical University of Graz in Austria under the direction of Dr. Karl Kordesch. This provides an excellent method of delivering hydrogen to the fuel cell. • The ammonia cracker has been in continuous operation at Apollo's laboratory in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. • A larger and more advanced version of the ammonia cracker was developed and tested at the Apollo Fuel Cell Laboratory in Austria and has been sent to Fort Lauderdale, Florida, for further testing and evaluation. Plans are to test it at the Florida Atlantic University.
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The Safe and Economic Revival of Alkaline Hydrogen/Air Fuel Cells with Circulating Electrolytes, Recommended for Vehicles Using Battery Hybrid Systems and H2 from Ammonia Crackers
ECS Transactions, 2008Co-Authors: Karl Kordesch, Viktor Hacker, Martin Cifrain, Thomas Hejze, Klaus Reichmann, Robert R. AronssonAbstract:Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFCs): The Bacon Fuel Cell, the ApolloNASA Space Shuttle and the Russian Systems, the Allis-Chalmers H2/O2 Tractor, the Union Carbide Corp. H2-O2 GM-Electrovan, the Kordesch Austin-Fuel Cell Hybrid Car, the Eloflux and the Elenco system and the European Space (ESA) Power Plant for HERMES. Also: the Dornier-Siemens and the Swedish Navy systems, Olle Lindstrom s work in Stockholm and in India, The Fuel Cells by Hoechst and von ZeTeK. A Bipolar System was built in Graz and at Apollo Energy Systems, Inc., 2 kW AFCs were tested with NH3. Liquified ammonia, available in low pressure cylinders, can be converted to 75 % H2, 25 % N2 with high efficiency. The capacity per weight and volume of ammonia as fuel surpasses methanol. Ammonia is produced worldwide in amounts of several 100 million tons per year and is produced from natural gas. Ammonia is available on farms. Refrigerators worked safely with ammonia. Internal combustion engines operate on cracked ammonia (a 75 % H2 and 25 % N2 mix) with increased power and higher efficiency 1. Hydrogen/Oxygen (Air) Fuel Cells with Alkaline Electrolytes General Principles (1, 2, 3) Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFCs) operate well at room temperatures, yield the highest voltage at comparable current densities, but the use of KOH requires the removal of CO2 from reformed fuels and control of the CO2 in the air. The electrodes can be built from low-cost porous materials ( e.g. carbon, Ni-foam) with small amounts of catalysts. The components and accessories for a system with circulating electrolyte are fully developed. Alkaline Fuel Cells excel in operating at intermittent duty cycles, like in mobile service, but can also be used in stationary applications, like houses (Solar Power) and on Farms (with Ammonia Cracker). Military applications are looked for in sizes from 150 W to several kW for charging accumulators in the field. Alkaline fuel cells normally use an aqueous solution (30 to 45 wt.%) of potassium hydroxide (KOH) as electrolyte, either mobilized or immobilized. Also, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) would be possible, but has some disadvantages, especially the much lower solubility of sodium carbonate compared to potassium carbonate. Hydroxyl anions diffuse continuously from the cathode to the anode. Most of the reaction water leaves on the anode side through the pores, but a small amount of water vapor is also removed via
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Alkaline fuel cells applications
Journal of Power Sources, 2000Co-Authors: Karl Kordesch, Josef Gsellmann, Mathias Ortner, Viktor Hacker, Martin Cifrain, Gottfried Faleschini, Peter Enzinger, Robert Fankhauser, Michael Muhr, Robert R. AronsonAbstract:Abstract On the world-wide automobile market technical developments are increasingly determined by the dramatic restriction on emissions as well as the regimentation of fuel consumption by legislation. Therefore there is an increasing chance of a completely new technology breakthrough if it offers new opportunities, meeting the requirements of resource preservation and emission restrictions. Fuel cell technology offers the possibility to excel in today's motive power techniques in terms of environmental compatibility, consumer's profit, costs of maintenance and efficiency. The key question is economy. This will be decided by the costs of fuel cell systems if they are to be used as power generators for future electric vehicles. The alkaline hydrogen–air fuel cell system with circulating KOH electrolyte and low-cost catalysed carbon electrodes could be a promising alternative. Based on the experiences of Kordesch [K. Kordesch, Brennstoffbatterien, Springer, Wien, 1984, ISBN 3-387-81819-7; K. Kordesch, City car with H2–air fuel cell and lead–battery, SAE Paper No. 719015, 6th IECEC, 1971], who operated a city car hybrid vehicle on public roads for 3 years in the early 1970s, improved air electrodes plus new variations of the bipolar stack assembly developed in Graz are investigated. Primary fuel choice will be a major issue until such time as cost-effective, on-board hydrogen storage is developed. Ammonia is an interesting option. The whole system, ammonia dissociator plus alkaline fuel cell (AFC), is characterised by a simple design and high efficiency.
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Alkaline fuel cells applications
Journal of Power Sources, 2000Co-Authors: Karl Kordesch, Violaine Hacker, Josef Gsellmann, Mathias Ortner, Martin Cifrain, Gottfried Faleschini, Peter Enzinger, Robert Fankhauser, Michael Muhr, Robert R. AronsonAbstract:On the world-wide automobile market technical developments are increasingly determined by the dramatic restriction on emissions as well as the regimentation of fuel consumption by legislation. Therefore there is an increasing chance of a completely new technology breakthrough if it offers new opportunities, meeting the requirements of resource preservation and emission restrictions. Fuel cell technology offers the possibility to excel in today's motive power techniques in terms of environmental compatibility, consumer's profit, costs of maintenance and efficiency. The key question is economy. This will be decided by the costs of fuel cell systems if they are to be used as power generators for future electric vehicles. The alkaline hydrogen-air fuel cell system with circulating KOH electrolyte and low-cost catalyzed carbon electrodes could be a promising alternative. Based on the experiences of Kordesch, who operated a city car hybrid vehicle on public roads for 3 years in the early 1970s, improved air electrodes plus new variations of the bipolar stack assembly developed in Graz are investigated. Primary fuel choice will be a major issue until such time as cost-effective, on-board hydrogen storage is developed. Ammonia is an interesting option. The whole system, ammonia dissociator plus alkaline fuel cell (AFC), is characterized by a simple design and high efficiency.
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Intermittent use of a low-cost alkaline fuel cell-hybrid system for electric vehicles
Journal of Power Sources, 1999Co-Authors: Karl Kordesch, Martin Cifrain, Robert R. Aronson, Josef Gsellmann, Susanne Voss, Victor Hacker, Christoph Fabjan, Thomas Hejze, Josef Daniel-ivadAbstract:Abstract Alkaline fuel cell (AFC) hybrids with the capability to shut down completely between uses (by draining the circulating KOH electrolyte) can expect an operating life of about 4000 h, which is equivalent to 200,000 km of driving, They should be able to compete on cost with heat engines (US$50 to US$100 per kW). An early model is the hydrogen/air fuel cell lead–acid hybrid car, built by K. Kordesch in the 1970s. Improved air electrodes plus new variations of the bipolar stack assembly developed in Graz, make success probable. In cooperation with Electric Auto (EAC), an ammonia cracker is also in development. A RAM™ battery–AFC hybrid combination has been optimized.
Violaine Hacker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fuel Cells – Alkaline Fuel Cells | Cells and Stacks
Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources, 2009Co-Authors: S. D. Fraser, Violaine Hacker, Karl KordeschAbstract:Alkaline fuel cells (AFCs) were the technology of choice in the pioneering days of fuel cell technology, and were thus used in many well-known historical fuel cell applications. The 1959 Allis-Chalmers fuel cell tractor, the 1967 General Motors Electrovan, and the 1970 Kordesch Austin fuel cell/battery hybrid city car were brilliant displays of fuel cell technology for their time and provided scientists and engineers with an idea of what fuel cell technology would be capable of doing in the future. All three of the aforementioned vehicles were powered by AFCs. Alkaline fuel cell systems have also been developed for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Apollo spacecraft and the Space Shuttle Orbiter. Despite all these successful demonstrations of {AFC} technology, many key players in the fuel cell industry nevertheless decided to shift their focus toward the emerging proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology in the 1980s and 1990s. But to date, {PEMFC} technology may not hold the promise of providing simple, cheap, and durable fuel cells. {AFC} technology has therefore witnessed a renewal of interest in the recent years, as some of the fundamental problems of {PEMFCs} can be avoided or solved using an {AFC} design. One of the keys to converting Alkaline fuel cell technology into a feasible option for commercial applications is the cell and stack design. This article provides an overview of the fundamental considerations in developing AFCs.
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Alkaline fuel cells applications
Journal of Power Sources, 2000Co-Authors: Karl Kordesch, Violaine Hacker, Josef Gsellmann, Mathias Ortner, Martin Cifrain, Gottfried Faleschini, Peter Enzinger, Robert Fankhauser, Michael Muhr, Robert R. AronsonAbstract:On the world-wide automobile market technical developments are increasingly determined by the dramatic restriction on emissions as well as the regimentation of fuel consumption by legislation. Therefore there is an increasing chance of a completely new technology breakthrough if it offers new opportunities, meeting the requirements of resource preservation and emission restrictions. Fuel cell technology offers the possibility to excel in today's motive power techniques in terms of environmental compatibility, consumer's profit, costs of maintenance and efficiency. The key question is economy. This will be decided by the costs of fuel cell systems if they are to be used as power generators for future electric vehicles. The alkaline hydrogen-air fuel cell system with circulating KOH electrolyte and low-cost catalyzed carbon electrodes could be a promising alternative. Based on the experiences of Kordesch, who operated a city car hybrid vehicle on public roads for 3 years in the early 1970s, improved air electrodes plus new variations of the bipolar stack assembly developed in Graz are investigated. Primary fuel choice will be a major issue until such time as cost-effective, on-board hydrogen storage is developed. Ammonia is an interesting option. The whole system, ammonia dissociator plus alkaline fuel cell (AFC), is characterized by a simple design and high efficiency.
Gottfried Faleschini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Uninterrupted Power Source
2020Co-Authors: Robert R. Aronsson, Karl Kordesch, Viktor Hacker, Martin Cifrain, Gottfried Faleschini, Gerold Koscher, Fort Lauderdale, Chris BordeauxAbstract:Accomplishments • Since the inception of this project, testing of a 300-watt Apollo alkaline fuel cell coupled with a lead cobalt battery has been carried out. • In December, 2002, a 2.2-kW alkaline fuel cell and lead-acid battery were tested at Hydrolec Incorporated of Jacksonville, Florida, one of Apollo's customers. • From January to June, 2002, a 2.5-kW alkaline fuel cell was tested by Apollo at a fuel cell manufacturing plant in Cologne, Germany. • Preparations are being made in September, 2003, to test a 2-kW alkaline fuel cell and lead cobalt battery at the Florida Atlantic University. • An ammonia cracker was developed and tested at the Technical University of Graz in Austria under the direction of Dr. Karl Kordesch. This provides an excellent method of delivering hydrogen to the fuel cell. • The ammonia cracker has been in continuous operation at Apollo's laboratory in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. • A larger and more advanced version of the ammonia cracker was developed and tested at the Apollo Fuel Cell Laboratory in Austria and has been sent to Fort Lauderdale, Florida, for further testing and evaluation. Plans are to test it at the Florida Atlantic University.
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Alkaline fuel cells applications
Journal of Power Sources, 2000Co-Authors: Karl Kordesch, Josef Gsellmann, Mathias Ortner, Viktor Hacker, Martin Cifrain, Gottfried Faleschini, Peter Enzinger, Robert Fankhauser, Michael Muhr, Robert R. AronsonAbstract:Abstract On the world-wide automobile market technical developments are increasingly determined by the dramatic restriction on emissions as well as the regimentation of fuel consumption by legislation. Therefore there is an increasing chance of a completely new technology breakthrough if it offers new opportunities, meeting the requirements of resource preservation and emission restrictions. Fuel cell technology offers the possibility to excel in today's motive power techniques in terms of environmental compatibility, consumer's profit, costs of maintenance and efficiency. The key question is economy. This will be decided by the costs of fuel cell systems if they are to be used as power generators for future electric vehicles. The alkaline hydrogen–air fuel cell system with circulating KOH electrolyte and low-cost catalysed carbon electrodes could be a promising alternative. Based on the experiences of Kordesch [K. Kordesch, Brennstoffbatterien, Springer, Wien, 1984, ISBN 3-387-81819-7; K. Kordesch, City car with H2–air fuel cell and lead–battery, SAE Paper No. 719015, 6th IECEC, 1971], who operated a city car hybrid vehicle on public roads for 3 years in the early 1970s, improved air electrodes plus new variations of the bipolar stack assembly developed in Graz are investigated. Primary fuel choice will be a major issue until such time as cost-effective, on-board hydrogen storage is developed. Ammonia is an interesting option. The whole system, ammonia dissociator plus alkaline fuel cell (AFC), is characterised by a simple design and high efficiency.
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Alkaline fuel cells applications
Journal of Power Sources, 2000Co-Authors: Karl Kordesch, Violaine Hacker, Josef Gsellmann, Mathias Ortner, Martin Cifrain, Gottfried Faleschini, Peter Enzinger, Robert Fankhauser, Michael Muhr, Robert R. AronsonAbstract:On the world-wide automobile market technical developments are increasingly determined by the dramatic restriction on emissions as well as the regimentation of fuel consumption by legislation. Therefore there is an increasing chance of a completely new technology breakthrough if it offers new opportunities, meeting the requirements of resource preservation and emission restrictions. Fuel cell technology offers the possibility to excel in today's motive power techniques in terms of environmental compatibility, consumer's profit, costs of maintenance and efficiency. The key question is economy. This will be decided by the costs of fuel cell systems if they are to be used as power generators for future electric vehicles. The alkaline hydrogen-air fuel cell system with circulating KOH electrolyte and low-cost catalyzed carbon electrodes could be a promising alternative. Based on the experiences of Kordesch, who operated a city car hybrid vehicle on public roads for 3 years in the early 1970s, improved air electrodes plus new variations of the bipolar stack assembly developed in Graz are investigated. Primary fuel choice will be a major issue until such time as cost-effective, on-board hydrogen storage is developed. Ammonia is an interesting option. The whole system, ammonia dissociator plus alkaline fuel cell (AFC), is characterized by a simple design and high efficiency.
