The Experts below are selected from a list of 13794 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Fabien Prieur - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The environmental Kuznets Curve in a world of irreversibility
Economic Theory, 2009Co-Authors: Fabien PrieurAbstract:This paper develops an overlapping generations model where consumption is the source of polluting emissions. Pollution stock accumulates with emissions but is partially assimilated by nature at each period. The assimilation capacity of nature is limited and vanishes beyond a critical level of pollution. We first show that multiple equilibria exist. More importantly, some exhibit irreversible pollution levels although an abatement activity is operative. Thus, the simple engagement of maintenance does not necessarily suffice to protect an economy against convergence toward a steady state having the properties of an ecological and economic poverty trap. In contrast with earlier related studies, the emergence of the environmental Kuznets Curve is no longer the rule. Instead, we detect a sort of degenerated environmental Kuznets Curve that corresponds to the equilibrium trajectory leading to the irreversible solution.
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The environmental Kuznets Curve in a world of irreversibility
Economic Theory, 2008Co-Authors: Fabien PrieurAbstract:Overlapping generations model, Irreversible pollution, Poverty trap, Environmental Kuznets Curve, Q56, D62, D91,
David Wheeler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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confronting the environmental Kuznets Curve
Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2002Co-Authors: Susmita Dasgupta, Benoit Laplante, Hua Wang, David WheelerAbstract:T he environmental Kuznets Curve posits an inverted-U relationship between pollution and economic development. Kuznets's name was apparently attached to the Curve by Grossman and Krueger (1993), who noted its resemblance to Kuznets's inverted-U relationship between income inequality and development. In the first stage of industrialization, pollution in the environmental Kuznets Curve world grows rapidly because people are more interested in jobs and income than clean air and water, communities are too poor to pay for abatement, and environmental regulation is correspondingly weak. The balance shifts as income rises. Leading industrial sectors become cleaner, people value the environment more highly, and regulatory institutions become more effective. Along the Curve, pollution levels off in the middle-income range and then falls toward pre-industrial levels in wealthy societies. The environmental Kuznets Curve model has elicited conflicting reactions from researchers and policymakers. Applied econometricians have generally accepted the basic tenets of the model and focused on measuring its parameters. Their regressions, typically fitted to cross-sectional observations across countries or regions, suggest that air and water pollution increase with development until per capita income reaches a range of $5000 to $8000. When income rises beyond that level, pollution starts to decline, as shown in the "conventional EKC" line in Figure 1. In developing countries, some policymakers have interpreted such results as conveying a message about priorities: Grow first, then clean up. Numerous critics have challenged the conventional environmental Kuznets Curve, both as a representation of what actually happens in the development process and as a policy prescription. Some pessimistic critics argue that crosssectional evidence for the environmental Kuznets Curve is nothing more than a
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Confronting the Environmental Kuznets Curve
Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2002Co-Authors: Susmita Dasgupta, Benoit Laplante, Hua Wang, David WheelerAbstract:The environmental Kuznets Curve posits an inverted-U relationship between pollution and economic development. Pessimistic critics of empirically estimated Curves have argued that their declining portions are illusory, either because they are cross-sectional snapshots that mask a long-run "race to the bottom" in environmental standards, or because industrial societies will continually produce new pollutants as the old ones are controlled. However, recent evidence has fostered an optimistic view by suggesting that the Curve is actually flattening and shifting to the left. The driving forces appear to be economic liberalization, clean technology diffusion, and new approaches to pollution regulation in developing countries.
Chuanglin Fang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Water use trend analysis: A non-parametric method for the environmental Kuznets Curve detection
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018Co-Authors: Chuanglin FangAbstract:Abstract Understanding of the trend in water use with possible relation to economic development is essential for forecasting future water demand and developing response strategies. The environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis asserts that pollution emissions and natural resource use often follow an inverted-U shape. This paper develops a piecewise Mann-Kendall method to address inverted-U shape detection based on a non-parametric approach. P-values of the piecewise Mann-Kendall method statistic are identified using the exhaustion method, approximation method or analytic method, depending on the data size. Tests of the piecewise Mann-Kendall method on synthetic data indicate that the developed method provides reasonable type I error and power. The method is successfully applied to pattern detection in real water use. Water uses in a few countries and provinces in China present the environmental Kuznets Curve. Unlike the traditional parametric quadratic regression method which is sensitive to data skewness, this non-parametric method offers consistent environmental Kuznets Curve detection regardless of the original or logarithmic form of data being used.
Susmita Dasgupta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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confronting the environmental Kuznets Curve
Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2002Co-Authors: Susmita Dasgupta, Benoit Laplante, Hua Wang, David WheelerAbstract:T he environmental Kuznets Curve posits an inverted-U relationship between pollution and economic development. Kuznets's name was apparently attached to the Curve by Grossman and Krueger (1993), who noted its resemblance to Kuznets's inverted-U relationship between income inequality and development. In the first stage of industrialization, pollution in the environmental Kuznets Curve world grows rapidly because people are more interested in jobs and income than clean air and water, communities are too poor to pay for abatement, and environmental regulation is correspondingly weak. The balance shifts as income rises. Leading industrial sectors become cleaner, people value the environment more highly, and regulatory institutions become more effective. Along the Curve, pollution levels off in the middle-income range and then falls toward pre-industrial levels in wealthy societies. The environmental Kuznets Curve model has elicited conflicting reactions from researchers and policymakers. Applied econometricians have generally accepted the basic tenets of the model and focused on measuring its parameters. Their regressions, typically fitted to cross-sectional observations across countries or regions, suggest that air and water pollution increase with development until per capita income reaches a range of $5000 to $8000. When income rises beyond that level, pollution starts to decline, as shown in the "conventional EKC" line in Figure 1. In developing countries, some policymakers have interpreted such results as conveying a message about priorities: Grow first, then clean up. Numerous critics have challenged the conventional environmental Kuznets Curve, both as a representation of what actually happens in the development process and as a policy prescription. Some pessimistic critics argue that crosssectional evidence for the environmental Kuznets Curve is nothing more than a
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Confronting the Environmental Kuznets Curve
Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2002Co-Authors: Susmita Dasgupta, Benoit Laplante, Hua Wang, David WheelerAbstract:The environmental Kuznets Curve posits an inverted-U relationship between pollution and economic development. Pessimistic critics of empirically estimated Curves have argued that their declining portions are illusory, either because they are cross-sectional snapshots that mask a long-run "race to the bottom" in environmental standards, or because industrial societies will continually produce new pollutants as the old ones are controlled. However, recent evidence has fostered an optimistic view by suggesting that the Curve is actually flattening and shifting to the left. The driving forces appear to be economic liberalization, clean technology diffusion, and new approaches to pollution regulation in developing countries.
Patrick Richard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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environmental Kuznets Curve for co2 in canada
Ecological Economics, 2010Co-Authors: Patrick RichardAbstract:Abstract According to the environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis, the relationship between per-capita GDP and per-capita pollutant emissions has an inverted-U shape. This implies that, past a certain point, economic growth may actually be profitable for environmental quality. Most studies on this subject are based on estimating fully parametric quadratic or cubic regression models. While this is not technically wrong, such an approach somewhat lacks flexibility since it may fail to detect the true shape of the relationship if it happens not to be of the specified form. We use semiparametric and flexible nonlinear parametric modeling methods in an attempt to provide more robust inferences. We find little evidence in favour of the environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. Our main results could be interpreted as indicating that the oil shock of the 1970s has had an important impact on progress towards less polluting technology and production.
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Environmental Kuznets Curve for CO2 in Canada
2009Co-Authors: Patrick RichardAbstract:The environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis is a theory by which the relationship between per capita GDP and per capita pollutant emissions has an inverted U shape. This implies that, past a certain point, economic growth may actually be profitable for environmental quality. Most studies on this subject are based on estimating fully parametric quadratic or cubic regression models. While this is not technically wrong, such an approach somewhat lacks flexibility since it may fail to detect the true shape of the relationship if it happens not to be of the specified form. We use semiparametric and flexible nonlinear parametric modelling methods in an attempt to provide more robust inferences. We find little evidence in favour of the environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. Our main results could be interpreted as indicating that the oil shock of the 1970s has had an important impact on progress towards less polluting technology and production.
