The Experts below are selected from a list of 306999 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
David Neumark - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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experimental research on Labor Market discrimination
Journal of Economic Literature, 2018Co-Authors: David NeumarkAbstract:Understanding whether Labor Market discrimination explains inferior Labor Market outcomes for many groups has drawn the attention of Labor economists for decades – at least since the publication of Gary Becker’s The Economics of Discrimination in 1957. The decades of research on discrimination in Labor Markets began with a regression-based “decomposition” approach, asking whether raw wage or earnings differences between groups – which might constitute prima facie evidence of discrimination – were in fact attributable to other productivity-related factors. Subsequent research – responding in large part to limitations of the regression-based approach – moved on to other approaches, such as using firm-level data to estimate both marginal productivity and wage differentials. In recent years, however, there has been substantial growth in experimental research on Labor Market discrimination – although the earliest experiments were done decades ago. Some experimental research on Labor Market discrimination takes place in the lab. But far more of it is done in the field, which makes this particular area of experimental research unique relative to the explosion of experimental economic research more generally. This paper surveys the full range of experimental literature on Labor Market discrimination, places it in the context of the broader research literature on Labor Market discrimination, discusses the experimental literature from many different perspectives (empirical, theoretical, and policy), and reviews both what this literature has taught us thus far, and what remains to be done.
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experimental research on Labor Market discrimination
Social Science Research Network, 2016Co-Authors: David NeumarkAbstract:Understanding whether Labor Market discrimination explains inferior Labor Market outcomes for many groups has drawn the attention of Labor economists for decades – at least since the publication of Gary Becker’s The Economics of Discrimination in 1957. The decades of research on discrimination in Labor Markets began with a regression-based “decomposition” approach, asking whether raw wage or earnings differences between groups – which might constitute prima facie evidence of discrimination – were in fact attributable to other productivity-related factors. Subsequent research – responding in large part to limitations of the regression-based approach – moved on to other approaches, such as using firm-level data to estimate both marginal productivity and wage differentials. In recent years, however, there has been substantial growth in experimental research on Labor Market discrimination – although the earliest experiments were done decades ago. Some experimental research on Labor Market discrimination takes place in the lab. But far more of it is done in the field, which makes this particular area of experimental research unique relative to the explosion of experimental economic research more generally. This paper surveys the full range of experimental literature on Labor Market discrimination, places it in the context of the broader research literature on Labor Market discrimination, discusses the experimental literature from many different perspectives (empirical, theoretical, and policy), and reviews both what this literature has taught us thus far, and what remains to be done.Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
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order from chaos the effects of early Labor Market experiences on adult Labor Market outcomes
Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 1998Co-Authors: Rosella Gardecki, David NeumarkAbstract:This paper examines the consequences of initial periods of “churning” or “mobility” in the Labor Market, to help assess whether faster transitions to stable employment relationships—as envisioned by advocates of school-to-work programs—would be likely to lead to better adult Labor Market outcomes. An analysis of National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data for the years 1979–92 yields modest evidence, at best, linking early job Market stability to better Labor Market outcomes. The authors find that for both genders, adult Labor Market outcomes (defined as of the late 20s or early to mid-30s) are for the most part unrelated to early Labor Market experiences. This evidence does not support efforts to explicitly target the school-to-work transition, insofar as doing so implies changing the structure of youth Labor Markets so that workers form earlier and firmer attachments to employers, industries, or occupations.
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order from chaos the effects of early Labor Market experiences on adult Labor Market outcomes
National Bureau of Economic Research, 1997Co-Authors: Rosella Gardecki, David NeumarkAbstract:This paper examines the consequences of initial periods of churning,' floundering about,' or mobility' in the Labor Market to help assess whether faster transitions to stable employment relationships--such as those envisioned by advocates of school-to-work programs--would be likely to lead to better adult Labor Market outcomes. Our interpretation of the results is that there is at best modest evidence linking early job Market stability to better Labor Market outcomes. We find that adult Labor Market outcomes (defined as of the late 20s or early to mid-30s) are for the most part unrelated to early Labor Market experiences for both men and women. This evidence does not provide a compelling case for efforts to explicitly target the school-to-work transition, insofar as this implies changing the structure of youth Labor Markets so that workers become more firmly attached to employers, industries, or occupations at
Mary C Brinton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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social capital in the japanese youth Labor Market Labor Market policy schools and norms
Policy Sciences, 2000Co-Authors: Mary C BrintonAbstract:This paper develops the concept of institutional social capital and discusses its impor- tance in the Labor Market. Institutional social capital is constituted by the resources inherent in an organization (such as a school) and thereby available to members of that organization. This is contrasted with the social capital available to individuals through their own personal networks. In the Labor Market context, an example of institutional social capital is the ties that schools have with employers who recruit a proportion of their new employees as they prepare to graduate. The paper examines how these ties and the norms governing the important Labor Market screening role played by the high school developed in post-WWII Japan. I also discuss an important positive externality ^ social control over students ^ generated by schools' institutional social capital. Finally, I examine current challenges to Japanese high schools' institutional social capital.
Marios Karabarbounis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Labor Market uncertainty and portfolio choice puzzles
American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 2018Co-Authors: Yongsung Chang, Jay H Hong, Marios KarabarbounisAbstract:The standard life-cycle models of household portfolio choice have difficulty generating a realistic age profile of risky share. These models not only imply a high risky share on average but also a steeply decreasing age profile, whereas the risky share is mildly increasing in the data. We introduce age-dependent, Labor Market uncertainty into an otherwise standard model. A great uncertainty in the Labor Market—high unemployment risk, frequent job turnovers, and an unknown career path—prevents young workers from taking too much risk in the financial Market. As Labor Market uncertainty is resolved over time, workers start taking more risk in their financial portfolios.
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Labor Market uncertainty and portfolio choice puzzles
Research Papers in Economics, 2014Co-Authors: Yongsung Chang, Jay H Hong, Marios KarabarbounisAbstract:The standard theory of household-portfolio choice is hard to reconcile with the following facts: (i) Households hold a small amount of equity despite the higher average rate of return. (ii) The share of risky assets increases with the age of the household. (iii) The share of risky assets is disproportionately larger for richer households. We develop a life-cycle model with age-dependent unemployment risk and gradual learning about the income profile that can address all three puzzles. Young workers, on average asset poor, face larger Labor-Market uncertainty because of high unemployment risk and imperfect knowledge about their earnings ability. This Labor-Market uncertainty prevents them from taking too much risk in the financial Market. As the Labor-Market uncertainty is gradually resolved over time, workers can take more financial risks.
Lawrence M. Kahn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Labor Market policy a comparative view on the costs and benefits of Labor Market flexibility
Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2012Co-Authors: Lawrence M. KahnAbstract:I review theories and evidence on wage-setting institutions and Labor Market policies in an international comparative context. These include collective bargaining, minimum wages, employment protection laws, unemployment insurance (UI), mandated parental leave, and active Labor Market policies (ALMPs). Since it is unlikely that an unregulated private sector would provide the income insurance these institutions do, these policies may enhance economic efficiency. However, to the extent that unemployment or resource misallocation results from such measures, these efficiency gains may be offset. Overall, Scandinavia and Central Europe follow distinctively more interventionist policies than the English-speaking countries in the Northern Hemisphere. Possible explanations for such differences include vulnerability to external Market forces and ethnic homogeneity. I then review evidence on the impacts of these policies and institutions. While the interventionist model appears to cause lower levels of wage inequality and high levels of job security to incumbent workers, it also in some cases leads to the relegation of new entrants (disproportionately women, youth, and immigrants) as well as the less skilled to temporary jobs or unemployment. Making Labor Markets more flexible could bring these groups into the regular Labor Market to a greater extent, at the expense of higher levels of economic insecurity for incumbents and higher levels of wage inequality. © 2011 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
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Labor Market Policy: A Comparative View on the Costs and Benefits of Labor Market Flexibility
Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2011Co-Authors: Lawrence M. KahnAbstract:I review theories and evidence on Labor Market policies and institutions in an international context. These include collective bargaining, minimum wages, employment protection laws, unemployment insurance (UI), mandated parental leave, and active Labor Market policies. Scandinavia and Central Europe follow more interventionist policies than Canada, the UK and the US. Vulnerability to external Market forces and ethnic homogeneity may explain such differences. While the interventionist model appears to reduce wage inequality and raise job security for incumbent workers, it also often relegates new entrants (disproportionately women, youth and immigrants) and the less skilled to temporary jobs or unemployment.
Rosella Gardecki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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order from chaos the effects of early Labor Market experiences on adult Labor Market outcomes
Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 1998Co-Authors: Rosella Gardecki, David NeumarkAbstract:This paper examines the consequences of initial periods of “churning” or “mobility” in the Labor Market, to help assess whether faster transitions to stable employment relationships—as envisioned by advocates of school-to-work programs—would be likely to lead to better adult Labor Market outcomes. An analysis of National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data for the years 1979–92 yields modest evidence, at best, linking early job Market stability to better Labor Market outcomes. The authors find that for both genders, adult Labor Market outcomes (defined as of the late 20s or early to mid-30s) are for the most part unrelated to early Labor Market experiences. This evidence does not support efforts to explicitly target the school-to-work transition, insofar as doing so implies changing the structure of youth Labor Markets so that workers form earlier and firmer attachments to employers, industries, or occupations.
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order from chaos the effects of early Labor Market experiences on adult Labor Market outcomes
National Bureau of Economic Research, 1997Co-Authors: Rosella Gardecki, David NeumarkAbstract:This paper examines the consequences of initial periods of churning,' floundering about,' or mobility' in the Labor Market to help assess whether faster transitions to stable employment relationships--such as those envisioned by advocates of school-to-work programs--would be likely to lead to better adult Labor Market outcomes. Our interpretation of the results is that there is at best modest evidence linking early job Market stability to better Labor Market outcomes. We find that adult Labor Market outcomes (defined as of the late 20s or early to mid-30s) are for the most part unrelated to early Labor Market experiences for both men and women. This evidence does not provide a compelling case for efforts to explicitly target the school-to-work transition, insofar as this implies changing the structure of youth Labor Markets so that workers become more firmly attached to employers, industries, or occupations at
