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Jadwiga Wójkowska-mach - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Healthcare-Associated Laboratory-Confirmed Bloodstream Infections—Species Diversity and Resistance Mechanisms, a Four-Year Retrospective Laboratory-Based Study in the South of Poland
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021Co-Authors: Agnieszka Chmielarczyk, Dorota Romaniszyn, Monika Pomorska-wesołowska, Jadwiga Wójkowska-machAbstract:Introduction: Regardless of the country, advancements in medical care and infection prevention and control of bloodstream infections (BSIs) are an enormous burden of modern medicine. Objectives: The aim of our Study was to describe the epidemiology and drug-resistance of laboratory-confirmed BSI (LC-BSIs) among adult patients of 16 hospitals in the south of Poland. Patients and methods: Data on 4218 LC-BSIs were collected between 2016–2019. The identification of the strains was performed using MALDI-TOF. Resistance mechanisms were investigated according to European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, EUCAST recommendations. Results: Blood cultures were collected from 8899 patients, and LC-BSIs were confirmed in 47.4%. The prevalence of Gram-positive bacteria was 70.9%, Gram-negative 27.8% and yeast 1.4%. The most frequently isolated genus was Staphylococcus (50% of all LC-BSIs), with a domination of coagulase-negative staphylococci, while Escherichia coli (13.7%) was the most frequent Gram-negative bacterium. Over 4 years, 108 (2.6%) bacteria were isolated only once, including species from the human microbiota as well as environmental and zoonotic microorganisms. The highest methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) prevalence was in intensive care units (ICUs) (55.6%) but S. aureus with resistance to macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins B (MLSB) in surgery was 66.7%. The highest prevalence of E. faecalis with a high-level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR) mechanism was in ICUs, (84.6%), while E. faecium-HLAR in surgery was 83.3%. All cocci were fully glycopeptide-sensitive. Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli were detected only in non-fermentative bacilli group, with prevalence 70% and more. Conclusions: The BSI microbiology in Polish hospitals was similar to those reported in other studies, but the prevalence of MRSA and enterococci-HLAR was higher than expected, as was the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant non-fermentative bacilli. Modern diagnostic techniques, such as MALDI-TOF, guarantee reliable diagnosis.
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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Microorganisms Associated with Lower Reproductive Tract Infections in Women from Southern Poland-Retrospective Laboratory-Based Study.
International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021Co-Authors: Jadwiga Wójkowska-mach, Monika Pomorska-wesołowska, Małgorzata Romanik, Dorota RomaniszynAbstract:Objective: Female infections affecting the genital tract include sexually transmitted diseases, endogenous infections such as vulvovaginal candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis (BV) or aerobic vaginitis (AV) and healthcare-associated infections. The aim of the Study was to analyze the etiological factors of the vaginal dysbacteriosis, and the antimicrobial susceptibility of the dominant bacterial and fungal infections in different age groups of outpatient women from the Silesian Region. Materials and methods: A retrospective Laboratory-Based multi-center Study encompassed 4994 women of different ages in Silesian Voivodeship, in the south of Poland; patients who had vaginal swabs collected as per physicians’ orders during the period from 1 January 2017 until 30 June 2018 were included in the Study. The inclusion criteria were: non-hospitalized female, aged ≤80, with suspected vulvovaginal candidiasis or bacterial vaginosis and clinical sings of infections. Results: Gram-positive cocci were the ones most often isolated: Enterococcus faecalis (29.2%) and Streptoccoccus agalactiae (13.1%), followed by bacilli from the Enterobacteriaceae group, including Escherichia coli (26.3%). The presence of Streptococcus agalactiae was confirmed in 13.1%, slightly more often in the 45–80 age group, and Gardnerella vaginalis in 6.4%, most often in women aged 15–24. The prevalence of yeast-like infections was 24.3%, Candida albicans accounted for 78.3%, whereas among C. non-albicans spp.—C. glabrata dominated (14.9%) followed by C. parapsilosis (3.8%). The highest resistance was observed only in Streptococcus agalactiae as the MLSB mechanism (Macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B) was identified in 38.6% of strains. The prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis was 24.3%, the highest in women aged 15–44. Conclusions: Drug resistance in studied vulvovaginitis was associated only with Streptococcus agalactiae. A high proportion of yeast-like aetiology was found, probably associated with recurrent infections. In the analyzed cases only the Amsel criteria and culture methods were used for diagnosis without preparations and microbiological Nugent criteria.
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Multidrug-Resistant Micro-Organisms Associated with Urinary Tract Infections in Orthopedic Patients: A Retrospective Laboratory-Based Study
Antibiotics (Basel Switzerland), 2020Co-Authors: Grzegorz Ziółkowski, Iwona Pawłowska, Michał Stasiowski, Estera Jachowicz, Jadwiga Wójkowska-mach, Tomasz BieleckiAbstract:Background: The risk of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in surgical wards remains closely related to the type of surgery and procedures performed on patients. Those factors also condition the risk of various forms of clinical infections, especially urinary tract infections (UTIs). UTIs are most frequently (70–80% of cases) caused by the use of bladder catheter in the perioperative period. The aim of this Study was to perform an epidemiological and microbiological analysis of UTIs in orthopedic patients, with an emphasis on multidrug-resistant (MDR) micro-organisms. Methods: The Study was conducted in a 38-bed Department of Orthopedic-Traumatic Surgery in Sosnowiec, Poland. 5239 patients, operated on in 2013–2015, were included in the Study. The urinary catheter use rate was 30.7%. Laboratory-Based Study used the UTI definition of the HAI-Net program. A micro-organism was declared MDR if it was resistant to at least one antibiotic from three or more groups of antibacterial drugs, and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) if it was sensitive to antibiotics from no more than two groups of drugs. Results: The UTI incidence was 3.2% (168 cases), the CA-UTI incidence density was 9.6/1000 catheter days. The highest risk of UTI was found in patients aged 75 or older. Monomicrobial cultures were detected in 163 specimens (78% of all microbiologically confirmed UTIs). Gram-negative flora prevailed among the micro-organisms, the predominantly isolated Enterobacteriaceae being Escherichiacoli and Klebsiellapneumoniae. In 16 patients (7.7% of microbiologically confirmed UTIs), yeast infection was confirmed. Isolated micro-organisms were fully sensitive to carbapenems. Gram-negative bacilli showed the lowest sensitivity to extended substrate spectrum penicillins and fluoroquinolones (37–64%), as well as to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (50%). The MDR prevalence was 24.4%. Conclusions: The presented data indicates that UTIs are a significant problem in the studied population, so is antimicrobial resistance, especially to quinolones, and extended-spectrum cephalosporins, which are often used as first-line therapy. To tackle the problem of high UTI incidence and MDR prevalence, reducing the UTI risk factors should be prioritized.
Todor Kantardjiev - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Microbiological characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae isolates as primary causes of acute otitis media in Bulgarian children before the introduction of conjugate vaccines
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 2013Co-Authors: Lena P Setchanova, Tomislav Kostyanev, Alexandra B Alexandrova, Ivan G Mitov, Dimitar Nashev, Todor KantardjievAbstract:Background Pneumococcal and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccines were introduced in our national immunisation program in April 2010. The aims of this retrospective, Laboratory-Based Study were to determine the serotypes and antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae and H . influenzae isolates from middle ear fluid (MEF) collected before the introduction of immunization. Methods S. pneumoniae (n = 128) and H. influenzae (n = 40) strains isolated from MEF of children with AOM between 1994 and 2011 were studied. MICs were determined by a microdilution assay. Serotyping of S. pneumoniae was done by Quellung method and PCR capsular typing was used for H. influenzae . Macrolide resistance genes were detected by PCR for erythromycin resistant S. pneumoniae (ERSP). DNA sequencing of fts I gene was performed for ampicillin nonsusceptible H. influenzae . Results The most common serotypes found among children with pneumococcal AOM were 19 F (20.3%), 6B (15.6%), and 19A (10.9%). The potential coverage rates by the PCV7, PCV10 and PCV13 of children aged
Dorota Romaniszyn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Healthcare-Associated Laboratory-Confirmed Bloodstream Infections—Species Diversity and Resistance Mechanisms, a Four-Year Retrospective Laboratory-Based Study in the South of Poland
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021Co-Authors: Agnieszka Chmielarczyk, Dorota Romaniszyn, Monika Pomorska-wesołowska, Jadwiga Wójkowska-machAbstract:Introduction: Regardless of the country, advancements in medical care and infection prevention and control of bloodstream infections (BSIs) are an enormous burden of modern medicine. Objectives: The aim of our Study was to describe the epidemiology and drug-resistance of laboratory-confirmed BSI (LC-BSIs) among adult patients of 16 hospitals in the south of Poland. Patients and methods: Data on 4218 LC-BSIs were collected between 2016–2019. The identification of the strains was performed using MALDI-TOF. Resistance mechanisms were investigated according to European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, EUCAST recommendations. Results: Blood cultures were collected from 8899 patients, and LC-BSIs were confirmed in 47.4%. The prevalence of Gram-positive bacteria was 70.9%, Gram-negative 27.8% and yeast 1.4%. The most frequently isolated genus was Staphylococcus (50% of all LC-BSIs), with a domination of coagulase-negative staphylococci, while Escherichia coli (13.7%) was the most frequent Gram-negative bacterium. Over 4 years, 108 (2.6%) bacteria were isolated only once, including species from the human microbiota as well as environmental and zoonotic microorganisms. The highest methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) prevalence was in intensive care units (ICUs) (55.6%) but S. aureus with resistance to macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins B (MLSB) in surgery was 66.7%. The highest prevalence of E. faecalis with a high-level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR) mechanism was in ICUs, (84.6%), while E. faecium-HLAR in surgery was 83.3%. All cocci were fully glycopeptide-sensitive. Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli were detected only in non-fermentative bacilli group, with prevalence 70% and more. Conclusions: The BSI microbiology in Polish hospitals was similar to those reported in other studies, but the prevalence of MRSA and enterococci-HLAR was higher than expected, as was the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant non-fermentative bacilli. Modern diagnostic techniques, such as MALDI-TOF, guarantee reliable diagnosis.
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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Microorganisms Associated with Lower Reproductive Tract Infections in Women from Southern Poland-Retrospective Laboratory-Based Study.
International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021Co-Authors: Jadwiga Wójkowska-mach, Monika Pomorska-wesołowska, Małgorzata Romanik, Dorota RomaniszynAbstract:Objective: Female infections affecting the genital tract include sexually transmitted diseases, endogenous infections such as vulvovaginal candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis (BV) or aerobic vaginitis (AV) and healthcare-associated infections. The aim of the Study was to analyze the etiological factors of the vaginal dysbacteriosis, and the antimicrobial susceptibility of the dominant bacterial and fungal infections in different age groups of outpatient women from the Silesian Region. Materials and methods: A retrospective Laboratory-Based multi-center Study encompassed 4994 women of different ages in Silesian Voivodeship, in the south of Poland; patients who had vaginal swabs collected as per physicians’ orders during the period from 1 January 2017 until 30 June 2018 were included in the Study. The inclusion criteria were: non-hospitalized female, aged ≤80, with suspected vulvovaginal candidiasis or bacterial vaginosis and clinical sings of infections. Results: Gram-positive cocci were the ones most often isolated: Enterococcus faecalis (29.2%) and Streptoccoccus agalactiae (13.1%), followed by bacilli from the Enterobacteriaceae group, including Escherichia coli (26.3%). The presence of Streptococcus agalactiae was confirmed in 13.1%, slightly more often in the 45–80 age group, and Gardnerella vaginalis in 6.4%, most often in women aged 15–24. The prevalence of yeast-like infections was 24.3%, Candida albicans accounted for 78.3%, whereas among C. non-albicans spp.—C. glabrata dominated (14.9%) followed by C. parapsilosis (3.8%). The highest resistance was observed only in Streptococcus agalactiae as the MLSB mechanism (Macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B) was identified in 38.6% of strains. The prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis was 24.3%, the highest in women aged 15–44. Conclusions: Drug resistance in studied vulvovaginitis was associated only with Streptococcus agalactiae. A high proportion of yeast-like aetiology was found, probably associated with recurrent infections. In the analyzed cases only the Amsel criteria and culture methods were used for diagnosis without preparations and microbiological Nugent criteria.
Lee H. Harrison - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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β-Lactam resistance, serotype distribution, and genotypes of meningitis-causing Streptococcus pneumoniae, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2012Co-Authors: David E. Barroso, Daniel Godoy, Terezinha M. P. P. Castiñeiras, Mary M. Tulenko, Maria C. Rebelo, Lee H. HarrisonAbstract:Here, we report a Laboratory-Based Study of Streptococcus pneumoniae recovered from patients with meningitis in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.
Robert E. Black - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Typhoid fever in Bangladesh: implications for vaccination policy.
The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2001Co-Authors: Samir K. Saha, Abdullah H. Baqui, Mohammed Hanif, Gary L. Darmstadt, M. Ruhulamin, Tsuyoshi Nagatake, Mathuram Santosham, Robert E. BlackAbstract:Objective.To describe the age-specific distribution of typhoid fever including the degree of Salmonella typhi bacteremia among patients evaluated at a large private diagnostic center in Bangladesh, a highly endemic area.Methods.We conducted a prospective-, passive- and Laboratory-Based Study to iden
