Lack of Integration

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David J Wierz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Sander Van Hees - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • increased Integration between innovative ocean energy and the eu habitats species and water protection rules through maritime spatial planning
    Marine Policy, 2019
    Co-Authors: Sander Van Hees
    Abstract:

    Abstract This article investigates whether Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) –which promotes the integrated planning and management of seas and oceans– can play a role in creating increased Integration between the EU's renewable energy policy and the potentially conflicting rules on the protection of habitats, species and water. The article focuses on innovative ocean energy (tidal stream, wave and salinity gradient energy). It can be said that there is a possible Lack of Integration between the Renewable Energy Directive and the EU rules on the protection of habitats, species and water: the Habitats Directive, the Birds Directive, the Water Framework Directive and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive. The role that MSP could play in solving this is assessed with regard to the following two legal issues that reflect the said Lack of Integration: 1) while there are derogation clauses, there is no obligation for Member States to apply these clauses and to undertake a balancing act between ocean energy, on the one hand, and the protection of habitats, species and water, on the other; 2) even if these clauses are applied, it remains unclear how much weight Member States should attach to ocean energy under a subsequent balancing act. The concept of Maritime Spatial Planning in theory is very suitable for guaranteeing that the interests of both renewable energy policy and environmental policy are duly taken into account in licensing procedures and management measures. The contribution that MSP can make towards increased Integration is, however, strongly dependent on the way MSP is interpreted on the Member State level. This is illustrated by a discussion of the differences in the current MSP approaches in Scotland and the Netherlands. This article concludes that Maritime Spatial Planning may –if certain conditions are fulfilled– be a suitable way to create a necessity to balance the EU's habitats, species and water protection rules with (ocean) renewable energy projects, on different levels of governance. Nevertheless, it also concludes that MSP alone cannot guarantee a balancing act that represents the goals of the Renewable Energy Directive and those of the aforementioned environmental directives in an equal manner. This article proposes to link MSP to detailed renewable energy plans per Member State in order to solve this issue.

  • large scale water related innovative renewable energy projects and the water framework directive legal issues and solutions
    Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law, 2017
    Co-Authors: Sander Van Hees
    Abstract:

    This article discusses two legal issues that relate to the conflict between the interest of protecting water quality under the Water Framework Directive (WFD), versus the interest of promoting the use of innovative water-related renewable energy, with regard to the quota in the Renewable Energy Directive. These legal issues are: first, the conflict between the provisions of the WFD and the Renewable Energy Directive as expressed by the no-deterioration obligation, and second, the Lack of Integration between the Renewable Energy Directive and the derogation clause of the Water Framework Directive. Tidal energy and salinity gradient energy (blue energy) are used as a case study to show the practical relevance of the legal issues for innovative water-related renewable energy techniques. The final section discusses solutions to the legal issues. These are first, the application of adaptive management in combination with phased deployment in order to deal with uncertainty, and second, the introduction of detailed renewable energy plans per Member State in order to increase Integration between the WFD and the Renewable Energy Directive.

Diane L Swanson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • addressing a Lack of theoretical Integration in corporate social performance
    Palgrave Macmillan Books, 2008
    Co-Authors: Marc Orlitzky, Diane L Swanson
    Abstract:

    As indicated in the Introduction to Part I, the business and society field at large and corporate social performance topics in particular have been shaped by two dominant orientations, referred to here as economic-focused and duty-aligned perspectives. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the two perspectives, demonstrate their Lack of Integration, and identify the problems posed for integrative theory development. To preview, their Lack of Integration means that restraining unethical behavior by social control that is normatively undefined is emphasized to the detriment of a more forward-looking, affirmative view of business’s role in society. Practically speaking, this fuels the misperception among practicing managers that economics and ethics do not mix, as indicated by the familiar refrain that ‘business ethics is an oxymoron’ (Swanson, 2002; 2008). One goal of Integration is to point managers to a holistic approach that counteracts this myth.

  • toward an integrative theory of business and society a research strategy for corporate social performance
    Academy of Management Review, 1999
    Co-Authors: Diane L Swanson
    Abstract:

    In this article I address the Lack of Integration of normative and descriptive approaches to business and society and the problems posed for coherent theory development. I reformulate corporate social performance topics according to a research strategy aimed at moving inquiry beyond problems of Integration. I then demonstrate the potential for a normative-descriptive unification, and follow this with implications for future research.

  • addressing a theoretical problem by reorienting the corporate social performance model
    Academy of Management Review, 1995
    Co-Authors: Diane L Swanson
    Abstract:

    This article identifies two major theoretical orientations in the business and society field. The corporate social performance (CSP) model illustrates their Lack of Integration and the problems posed for theory development. The model is reoriented so that it can be used to explore a synthesis of the two perspectives based on reframed principles of corporate social responsibility, processes of corporate social responsiveness, and outcomes of corporate behavior.

Richard A Morgan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • clinical scale lentiviral vector transduction of pbl for tcr gene therapy and potential for expression in less differentiated cells
    Journal of Immunotherapy, 2008
    Co-Authors: Shicheng Yang, Steven A Rosenberg, Richard A Morgan
    Abstract:

    In human gene therapy applications, lentiviral vectors may have advantages over gamma-retroviral vectors because of their ability to transduce nondividing cells, their resistance to gene silencing, and a Lack of Integration site preference. In this study, we used VSV-G pseudotype third generation lentiviral vectors harboring specific antitumor T-cell receptor (TCR) to establish clinical-scale lentiviral transduction of peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL). Spinoculation (1000g, 32 degrees C for 2 h) in the presence of protamine sulfate represents the most efficient and economical approach to transduce a large number of PBLs compared with RetroNectin-based methods. Up to 20 million cells per well of a 6-well plate were efficiently transduced and underwent an average 50-fold expansion in 2 weeks. TCR transduced PBL-mediated specific antitumor activities including interferon-gamma release and cell lysis. Compared with gamma-retroviral vectors, the TCR transgene could be preferentially expressed on a less-differentiated cell population.

Michael Thomas Ewing - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the effect of anomie on academic dishonesty among university students
    International Journal of Educational Management, 2000
    Co-Authors: Albe Caruana, Alasubramania Ramasesha, Michael Thomas Ewing
    Abstract:

    Anomie describes the individual’s Lack of Integration in social life. The construct has been linked to various types of activities and concepts but no research appears to have been undertaken linking it to academic dishonesty. The literatures on anomie and academic dishonesty are examined, measurement instruments are identified and a survey is carried out among undergraduate students of a business school. The psychometric properties of the instruments are confirmed and correlates are investigated. The point is made that besides seeking ways to curb academic dishonesty, universities need to foster the development of an internalized code of ethics among students. Limitations are noted and directions for future research are indicated.