The Experts below are selected from a list of 16338 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Virginia L Cunningham - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Landfill Disposal of unused medicines reduces surface water releases
Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 2013Co-Authors: Lial Tischler, Mary Buzby, Douglas S Finan, Virginia L CunninghamAbstract:The pharmaceutical industry is conducting research to evaluate the pathways and fate of active pharmaceutical ingredients from the consumer to surface waters. One potential pathway identified by the researchers is the Disposal of unused pharmaceutical products that are discarded by consumers in household trash and disposed of in municipal solid waste Landfills. This study was designed to evaluate relative amounts of surface water exposures through the Landfill Disposal pathway compared to patient use and flushing of unused medicine pathways. The estimated releases to surface water of 24 example active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in Landfill leachate were calculated for 3 assumed Disposal scenarios: 5%, 10%, and 15% of the total annual quantity of API sold is discarded and unused. The estimated releases from Landfills to surface waters, after treatment of the leachate, were compared to the total amount of each example API that would be released to surface waters from publicly owned treatment works, generated by patient use and excretion. This study indicates that the Disposal of unused medications in municipal solid waste Landfills effectively eliminates the unused medicine contribution of APIs to surface waters; greater than 99.9% of APIs disposed of in a Landfill are permanently retained.
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Landfill Disposal of unused medicines reduces surface water releases.
Integrated environmental assessment and management, 2012Co-Authors: Lial Tischler, Mary Buzby, Douglas S Finan, Virginia L CunninghamAbstract:The pharmaceutical industry is conducting research to evaluate the pathways and fate of active pharmaceutical ingredients from the consumer to surface waters. One potential pathway identified by the researchers is the Disposal of unused pharmaceutical products that are discarded by consumers in household trash and disposed of in municipal solid waste Landfills. This study was designed to evaluate relative amounts of surface water exposures through the Landfill Disposal pathway compared to patient use and flushing of unused medicine pathways. The estimated releases to surface water of 24 example active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in Landfill leachate were calculated for 3 assumed Disposal scenarios: 5%, 10%, and 15% of the total annual quantity of API sold is discarded and unused. The estimated releases from Landfills to surface waters, after treatment of the leachate, were compared to the total amount of each example API that would be released to surface waters from publicly owned treatment works, generated by patient use and excretion. This study indicates that the Disposal of unused medications in municipal solid waste Landfills effectively eliminates the unused medicine contribution of APIs to surface waters; greater than 99.9% of APIs disposed of in a Landfill are permanently retained. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2013; 9: 142–154. © 2012 SETAC
Lial Tischler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Landfill Disposal of unused medicines reduces surface water releases
Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 2013Co-Authors: Lial Tischler, Mary Buzby, Douglas S Finan, Virginia L CunninghamAbstract:The pharmaceutical industry is conducting research to evaluate the pathways and fate of active pharmaceutical ingredients from the consumer to surface waters. One potential pathway identified by the researchers is the Disposal of unused pharmaceutical products that are discarded by consumers in household trash and disposed of in municipal solid waste Landfills. This study was designed to evaluate relative amounts of surface water exposures through the Landfill Disposal pathway compared to patient use and flushing of unused medicine pathways. The estimated releases to surface water of 24 example active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in Landfill leachate were calculated for 3 assumed Disposal scenarios: 5%, 10%, and 15% of the total annual quantity of API sold is discarded and unused. The estimated releases from Landfills to surface waters, after treatment of the leachate, were compared to the total amount of each example API that would be released to surface waters from publicly owned treatment works, generated by patient use and excretion. This study indicates that the Disposal of unused medications in municipal solid waste Landfills effectively eliminates the unused medicine contribution of APIs to surface waters; greater than 99.9% of APIs disposed of in a Landfill are permanently retained.
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Landfill Disposal of unused medicines reduces surface water releases.
Integrated environmental assessment and management, 2012Co-Authors: Lial Tischler, Mary Buzby, Douglas S Finan, Virginia L CunninghamAbstract:The pharmaceutical industry is conducting research to evaluate the pathways and fate of active pharmaceutical ingredients from the consumer to surface waters. One potential pathway identified by the researchers is the Disposal of unused pharmaceutical products that are discarded by consumers in household trash and disposed of in municipal solid waste Landfills. This study was designed to evaluate relative amounts of surface water exposures through the Landfill Disposal pathway compared to patient use and flushing of unused medicine pathways. The estimated releases to surface water of 24 example active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in Landfill leachate were calculated for 3 assumed Disposal scenarios: 5%, 10%, and 15% of the total annual quantity of API sold is discarded and unused. The estimated releases from Landfills to surface waters, after treatment of the leachate, were compared to the total amount of each example API that would be released to surface waters from publicly owned treatment works, generated by patient use and excretion. This study indicates that the Disposal of unused medications in municipal solid waste Landfills effectively eliminates the unused medicine contribution of APIs to surface waters; greater than 99.9% of APIs disposed of in a Landfill are permanently retained. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2013; 9: 142–154. © 2012 SETAC
Mary Buzby - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Landfill Disposal of unused medicines reduces surface water releases
Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 2013Co-Authors: Lial Tischler, Mary Buzby, Douglas S Finan, Virginia L CunninghamAbstract:The pharmaceutical industry is conducting research to evaluate the pathways and fate of active pharmaceutical ingredients from the consumer to surface waters. One potential pathway identified by the researchers is the Disposal of unused pharmaceutical products that are discarded by consumers in household trash and disposed of in municipal solid waste Landfills. This study was designed to evaluate relative amounts of surface water exposures through the Landfill Disposal pathway compared to patient use and flushing of unused medicine pathways. The estimated releases to surface water of 24 example active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in Landfill leachate were calculated for 3 assumed Disposal scenarios: 5%, 10%, and 15% of the total annual quantity of API sold is discarded and unused. The estimated releases from Landfills to surface waters, after treatment of the leachate, were compared to the total amount of each example API that would be released to surface waters from publicly owned treatment works, generated by patient use and excretion. This study indicates that the Disposal of unused medications in municipal solid waste Landfills effectively eliminates the unused medicine contribution of APIs to surface waters; greater than 99.9% of APIs disposed of in a Landfill are permanently retained.
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Landfill Disposal of unused medicines reduces surface water releases.
Integrated environmental assessment and management, 2012Co-Authors: Lial Tischler, Mary Buzby, Douglas S Finan, Virginia L CunninghamAbstract:The pharmaceutical industry is conducting research to evaluate the pathways and fate of active pharmaceutical ingredients from the consumer to surface waters. One potential pathway identified by the researchers is the Disposal of unused pharmaceutical products that are discarded by consumers in household trash and disposed of in municipal solid waste Landfills. This study was designed to evaluate relative amounts of surface water exposures through the Landfill Disposal pathway compared to patient use and flushing of unused medicine pathways. The estimated releases to surface water of 24 example active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in Landfill leachate were calculated for 3 assumed Disposal scenarios: 5%, 10%, and 15% of the total annual quantity of API sold is discarded and unused. The estimated releases from Landfills to surface waters, after treatment of the leachate, were compared to the total amount of each example API that would be released to surface waters from publicly owned treatment works, generated by patient use and excretion. This study indicates that the Disposal of unused medications in municipal solid waste Landfills effectively eliminates the unused medicine contribution of APIs to surface waters; greater than 99.9% of APIs disposed of in a Landfill are permanently retained. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2013; 9: 142–154. © 2012 SETAC
Douglas S Finan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Landfill Disposal of unused medicines reduces surface water releases
Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 2013Co-Authors: Lial Tischler, Mary Buzby, Douglas S Finan, Virginia L CunninghamAbstract:The pharmaceutical industry is conducting research to evaluate the pathways and fate of active pharmaceutical ingredients from the consumer to surface waters. One potential pathway identified by the researchers is the Disposal of unused pharmaceutical products that are discarded by consumers in household trash and disposed of in municipal solid waste Landfills. This study was designed to evaluate relative amounts of surface water exposures through the Landfill Disposal pathway compared to patient use and flushing of unused medicine pathways. The estimated releases to surface water of 24 example active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in Landfill leachate were calculated for 3 assumed Disposal scenarios: 5%, 10%, and 15% of the total annual quantity of API sold is discarded and unused. The estimated releases from Landfills to surface waters, after treatment of the leachate, were compared to the total amount of each example API that would be released to surface waters from publicly owned treatment works, generated by patient use and excretion. This study indicates that the Disposal of unused medications in municipal solid waste Landfills effectively eliminates the unused medicine contribution of APIs to surface waters; greater than 99.9% of APIs disposed of in a Landfill are permanently retained.
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Landfill Disposal of unused medicines reduces surface water releases.
Integrated environmental assessment and management, 2012Co-Authors: Lial Tischler, Mary Buzby, Douglas S Finan, Virginia L CunninghamAbstract:The pharmaceutical industry is conducting research to evaluate the pathways and fate of active pharmaceutical ingredients from the consumer to surface waters. One potential pathway identified by the researchers is the Disposal of unused pharmaceutical products that are discarded by consumers in household trash and disposed of in municipal solid waste Landfills. This study was designed to evaluate relative amounts of surface water exposures through the Landfill Disposal pathway compared to patient use and flushing of unused medicine pathways. The estimated releases to surface water of 24 example active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in Landfill leachate were calculated for 3 assumed Disposal scenarios: 5%, 10%, and 15% of the total annual quantity of API sold is discarded and unused. The estimated releases from Landfills to surface waters, after treatment of the leachate, were compared to the total amount of each example API that would be released to surface waters from publicly owned treatment works, generated by patient use and excretion. This study indicates that the Disposal of unused medications in municipal solid waste Landfills effectively eliminates the unused medicine contribution of APIs to surface waters; greater than 99.9% of APIs disposed of in a Landfill are permanently retained. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2013; 9: 142–154. © 2012 SETAC
P Hrivnova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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stabilization solidification of hot dip galvanizing ash using different binders
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2016Co-Authors: S Vinter, M T Montanes, Vratislav Bednarik, P HrivnovaAbstract:This study focuses on solidification of hot dip-galvanizing ash with a high content of zinc and soluble substances. The main purpose of this paper is to immobilize these pollutants into a matrix and allow a safer way for Landfill Disposal of that waste. Three different binders (Portland cement, fly ash and coal fluidized-bed combustion ash) were used for the waste solidification. Effectiveness of the process was evaluated using leaching test according to EN 12457-4 and by using the variance analysis and the categorical multifactorial test. In the leaching test, four parameters were observed: pH, zinc concentration in leachate, and concentration of chlorides and dissolved substances in leachate. The acquired data was then processed using statistical software to find an optimal solidifying ratio of the addition of binder, water, and waste to the mixture, with the aim to fulfil the requirement for Landfill Disposal set by the Council Decision 2003/33/EC. The influence on the main observed parameters (relative amount of water and a binder) on the effectiveness of the used method and their influence of measured parameters was also studied.
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Stabilization/solidification of hot dip galvanizing ash using different binders.
Journal of hazardous materials, 2016Co-Authors: S Vinter, M T Montanes, Vratislav Bednarik, P HrivnovaAbstract:This study focuses on solidification of hot dip-galvanizing ash with a high content of zinc and soluble substances. The main purpose of this paper is to immobilize these pollutants into a matrix and allow a safer way for Landfill Disposal of that waste. Three different binders (Portland cement, fly ash and coal fluidized-bed combustion ash) were used for the waste solidification. Effectiveness of the process was evaluated using leaching test according to EN 12457-4 and by using the variance analysis and the categorical multifactorial test. In the leaching test, four parameters were observed: pH, zinc concentration in leachate, and concentration of chlorides and dissolved substances in leachate. The acquired data was then processed using statistical software to find an optimal solidifying ratio of the addition of binder, water, and waste to the mixture, with the aim to fulfil the requirement for Landfill Disposal set by the Council Decision 2003/33/EC. The influence on the main observed parameters (relative amount of water and a binder) on the effectiveness of the used method and their influence of measured parameters was also studied.
