The Experts below are selected from a list of 312 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Richard M Stuetz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Biofiltration of Landfill Gas under temperate climatic conditions
Air quality and climate change, 2013Co-Authors: S.a. Dever, Gareth Swarbrick, Richard M StuetzAbstract:In Australia, a significant number of Landfill sites used for waste disposal do not incorporate measures for the collection and treatment of Landfill Gas emissions. The performance and behaviour of passive Landfill Gas drainage and biofiltration systems was observed to be affected by a number of factors including the Landfill Gas loading, the methane loading, the characteristics of the media in which the process is occurring, and the local climate. However, the primary factors affecting the performance of a passive biofilter in the field are considered to be the Landfill Gas (and methane) loading and oxygen supply.
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Passive drainage and biofiltration of Landfill Gas: Results of Australian field trial
Waste management (New York N.Y.), 2010Co-Authors: Stuart A. Dever, Gareth Swarbrick, Richard M StuetzAbstract:A field scale trial was undertaken at a Landfill site in Sydney, Australia (2004-2008), to investigate passive drainage and biofiltration of Landfill Gas as a means of managing Landfill Gas emissions from low to moderate Gas generation Landfill sites. The objective of the trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of a passive Landfill Gas drainage and biofiltration system at treating Landfill Gas under field conditions, and to identify and evaluate the factors that affect the behaviour and performance of the system. The trial results showed that passively aerated biofilters operating in a temperate climate can effectively oxidise methane in Landfill Gas, and demonstrated that maximum methane oxidation efficiencies greater than 90% and average oxidation efficiencies greater than 50% were achieved over the 4 years of operation. The trial results also showed that Landfill Gas loading was the primary factor that determined the behaviour and performance of the passively aerated biofilters. The Landfill Gas loading rate was found to control the diffusion of atmospheric oxygen into the biofilter media, limiting the microbial methane oxidation process. The temperature and moisture conditions within the biofilter were found to be affected by local climatic conditions and were also found to affect the behaviour and performance of the biofilter, but to a lesser degree than the Landfill Gas loading.
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Passive drainage and biofiltration of Landfill Gas: Australian field trial
Waste Management, 2006Co-Authors: S.a. Dever, Gareth Swarbrick, Richard M StuetzAbstract:Abstract In Australia a significant number of Landfill waste disposal sites do not incorporate measures for the collection and treatment of Landfill Gas. This includes many old/former Landfill sites, rural Landfill sites, non-putrescible solid waste and inert waste Landfill sites, where Landfill Gas generation is low and it is not commercially viable to extract and beneficially utilize the Landfill Gas. Previous research has demonstrated that biofiltration has the potential to degrade methane in Landfill Gas, however, the microbial processes can be affected by many local conditions and factors including moisture content, temperature, nutrient supply, including the availability of oxygen and methane, and the movement of Gas (oxygen and methane) to/from the micro-organisms. A field scale trial is being undertaken at a Landfill site in Sydney, Australia, to investigate passive drainage and biofiltration of Landfill Gas as a means of managing Landfill Gas emissions at low to moderate Gas generation Landfill sites. The design and construction of the trial is described and the experimental results will provide in-depth knowledge on the application of passive Gas drainage and Landfill Gas biofiltration under Sydney (Australian) conditions, including the performance of recycled materials for the management of Landfill Gas emissions.
Jan-dirk Herbell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Simulation on Landfill Gas-Steam Reforming
2013Co-Authors: C. Miao, Thorsten Mietzel, Michael Luckas, Jan-dirk HerbellAbstract:Landfill Gas (LFG) is a kind of methane-rich bioGas. Methane is a potent greenhouse Gas with over 20 times the potential in trapping heat in the atmosphere compared to carbon dioxide over a 100-year period. In the chemical industry, methane is a source for hydrogen production. The advantage of hydrogen over methane is that in a fuel cell it can be a high efficient source of electric energy. In this paper, the LFG steam reforming is investigated by simulation. The effect of pressure, methane and steam concentrations and the effect of traces of ethane and nitrogen are analyzed at above 1000 K. The effects of small quantities of oxygen and hydrogen sulphide in Landfill Gas are also evaluated. The results demonstrate that the hydrogen production in reforming process is affected significantly by pressure. Traces of ethane would act as reactants in system, but nitrogen and oxygen are inert. Keywords : Landfill Gas (LFG) ; Steam Reforming; Simulation
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Thermodynamics on Landfill Gas Reforming
Chemical Engineering & Technology, 2009Co-Authors: Chen Miao, Michael Luckas, Christoph Pasel, Jan-dirk HerbellAbstract:Landfill Gas is a type of methane-rich bioGas which supplies renewable resources for clean fuels production. In this paper, the characteristics and optimum conditions of simulated Landfill Gas and bioGas reforming reactions for H 2 production are investigated. The temperature, varied from 373.15 K to 1273.15 K, and pressure, varied from 1.013 bar to 40.013 bar, applied for the reforming system are evaluated. In addition, the effect of steam concentration, traces of hydrocarbons, and the ratio of C/H/O are analyzed using thermodynamic theories. Both the calculation and analyzed results demonstrate that the reforming system is primarily comprised of endothermic reactions. It favors lower pressure and higher temperature. Traces of hydrocarbons would result in a slight increase to CO for this system. A high ratio of CO 2 would result in more production of CO in the reforming process. Preliminary experiments on fuel cells indicate this Gas-reforming simulation is an elementary theory for fuel supply.
Henry B. Kerfoot - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluation of the age of Landfill Gas methane in Landfill Gas–natural Gas mixtures using co-occurring constituents
Environmental science. Processes & impacts, 2013Co-Authors: Henry B. Kerfoot, Benjamin Hagedorn, Mark VerwielAbstract:At a municipal solid waste Landfill in southern California (USA) overlying a natural Gas reservoir, methane was detected at concentrations of up to 40% (by volume) in perimeter soil Gas probes. Stable isotope and 14C values of methane together with Gas composition (major components and volatile organic compounds) data were evaluated to assess the relative contributions of Landfill Gas and natural Gas to the measured methane concentrations. The data was further used to estimate the residence time of the Landfill Gas in the probes. Results showed that up to 37% of the measured methane was derived from Landfill Gas. In addition, the Landfill Gas in the probe samples has undergone extensive alteration due to dissolution of carbon dioxide in pore water. Data further indicates that the measured methane was released from the waste approximately 1.2 to 9.4 years ago, rather than representing evidence of an ongoing release.
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Evaluation of the age of Landfill Gas methane in Landfill Gas-natural Gas mixtures using co-occurring constituents†
Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, 2013Co-Authors: Henry B. Kerfoot, Benjamin Hagedorn, Mark VerwielAbstract:At a municipal solid waste Landfill in southern California (USA) overlying a natural Gas reservoir, methane was detected at concentrations of up to 40% (by volume) in perimeter soil Gas probes. Stable isotope and 14C values of methane together with Gas composition (major components and volatile organic compounds) data were evaluated to assess the relative contributions of Landfill Gas and natural Gas to the measured methane concentrations. The data was further used to estimate the residence time of the Landfill Gas in the probes. Results showed that up to 37% of the measured methane was derived from Landfill Gas. In addition, the Landfill Gas in the probe samples has undergone extensive alteration due to dissolution of carbon dioxide in pore water. Data further indicates that the measured methane was released from the waste approximately 1.2 to 9.4 years ago, rather than representing evidence of an ongoing release.
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Geochemical Changes in Ground Water Due to Landfill Gas Effects
Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, 2004Co-Authors: Henry B. Kerfoot, John A. Baker, David M. BurtAbstract:Concentrations of dissolved inorganic constituents commonly monitored in ground waters at Landfills were evaluated during and after a period of Landfill Gas effects on the ground water. Landfill Gas can potentially act as an acid or as a reducing agent (Lewis base) due to its carbon dioxide and methane content, respectively. Ground water data from a single Landfill Gas-affected well were used to evaluate the correlation of the total volatile organic compound (VOC) concentration (as a general measure of Landfill Gas effects) with bicarbonate alkalinity, ammonia, calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese, sodium, chloride, and sulfate concentrations. Bicarbonate alkalinity, calcium, and magnesium concentrations were correlated with total VOC concentrations. The correlation with calcium and magnesium concentrations is attributed to increased dissolution of carbonate minerals by carbonic acid from the Landfill Gas carbon dioxide. Total manganese concentrations also increased with increasing VOC content. This is attributed to reduction of manganese (IV) in aquifer minerals by methane in the Landfill Gas. No detectable iron was observed during the Landfill Gas effects or after successful corrective action, suggesting that the redox potential of the ground water was not sufficiently low to reduce iron (III) minerals. There was no correlation observed between total VOC concentrations and chloride, sodium, or sulfate concentrations, and there were insufficient ammonia detections to evaluate. The observed effects of Landfill Gas are expected to depend on the particular mineralogy and ground water quality of a site. These results and basic chemical principles, however, suggest that Landfill Gas effects on ground water could cause an increase in bicarbonate alkalinity, calcium, and magnesium concentrations, without increases in sodium or chloride concentrations at many sites. Because municipal solid waste Landfill leachate is typically characterized by concentrations of chloride and sodium that are significantly elevated relative to background ground water concentrations, Landfill Gas effects on ground water could potentially be differentiated from leachate effects by a lack of increases in sodium or chloride concentrations accompanying VOC detections.
Chen Miao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Modelling of Landfill Gas Adsorption with Bottom Ash for Utilization of Renewable Energy
2011Co-Authors: Chen MiaoAbstract:Energy crisis, environment pollution and climate change are the serious challenges to people worldwide. In the 21st century, human being is trend to research new technology of renewable energy, so as to slow down global warming and develop society in an environmentally sustainable method. Landfill Gas, produced by biodegradable municipal solid waste in Landfill, is a renewable energy source. In this work, Landfill Gas utilization for energy generation is introduced. Landfill Gas is able to produce hydrogen by steam reforming reactions. There is a steam reformer equipment in the fuel cells system. A sewage plant of Cologne in Germany has run the Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells power station with bioGas for more than 50,000 hours successfully. Landfill Gas thus may be used as fuel for electricity generation via fuel cells system. For the purpose of explaining the possibility of Landfill Gas utilization via fuel cells, the thermodynamics of Landfill Gas steam reforming are discussed by simulations. In practice, the methane-riched Gas can be obtained by Landfill Gas purification and upgrading. This work investigates a new method for upgrading-Landfill Gas adsorption with bottom ash experimentally. Bottom ash is a by-product of municipal solid waste incineration, some of its physical and chemical properties are analysed in this work. The Landfill Gas adsorption experimental data show bottom ash can be used as a potential adsorbent for Landfill Gas adsorption to remove CO2. In addition, the alkalinity of bottom ash eluate can be reduced in these adsorption processes. Therefore, the interactions between Landfill Gas and bottom ash can be explained by series reactions accordingly. Furthermore, a conceptual model involving Landfill Gas adsorption with bottom ash is developed. In this thesis, the parameters of Landfill Gas adsorption equilibrium equations can be obtained by fitting experimental data. On the other hand, these functions can be deduced with theoretical approach. In this thesis, both of them are discussed respectively. Additionally, the diffusion phenomena of Landfill Gas mixtures can be expressed by Maxwell-Stefan equations and Fick’s law. According to the relation between Maxwell-Stefan equations and Fick’s law, the diffusion coefficients of Landfill Gas mixtures can be estimated in theory. The major part of this model is based on the theory of mass transfer through porous media. In which, mass balance, momentum balance and constitutive relations among multi-phase are employed for modeling. Landfill Gas adsorption processes in two-dimension porous media can be thus simulated with application of this model.
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Thermodynamics on Landfill Gas Reforming
Chemical Engineering & Technology, 2009Co-Authors: Chen Miao, Michael Luckas, Christoph Pasel, Jan-dirk HerbellAbstract:Landfill Gas is a type of methane-rich bioGas which supplies renewable resources for clean fuels production. In this paper, the characteristics and optimum conditions of simulated Landfill Gas and bioGas reforming reactions for H 2 production are investigated. The temperature, varied from 373.15 K to 1273.15 K, and pressure, varied from 1.013 bar to 40.013 bar, applied for the reforming system are evaluated. In addition, the effect of steam concentration, traces of hydrocarbons, and the ratio of C/H/O are analyzed using thermodynamic theories. Both the calculation and analyzed results demonstrate that the reforming system is primarily comprised of endothermic reactions. It favors lower pressure and higher temperature. Traces of hydrocarbons would result in a slight increase to CO for this system. A high ratio of CO 2 would result in more production of CO in the reforming process. Preliminary experiments on fuel cells indicate this Gas-reforming simulation is an elementary theory for fuel supply.
Jukka Rintala - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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upgrading Landfill Gas using a high pressure water absorption process
Fuel, 2014Co-Authors: Saija Rasi, J Lantela, Jukka RintalaAbstract:Abstract The upgrading of Landfill Gas (methane 54.2 ± 2.0%, carbon dioxide 42.1 ± 2.4% and nitrogen 3.7 ± 1.2%) was studied with a pilot-scale high pressure water absorption system consisting of absorption, desorption and Gas drying units. The Gas was upgraded in two phases and with two absorption columns operating in sequence in pressures up to 180 bar, and with initial pressures of 8 and 10 bar. This type of high pressure process, where water is used for increasing the Gas pressure, does not need a separate compression unit to produce the Gas pressure required by Gas vehicles. Product Gas with a methane contents ranging from 83.0% to 92.1% was achieved with differing process parameters, the carbon dioxide and nitrogen content of the product Gas ranged from 4.4% to 6.3% and 2.5% to 7.4%, respectively. Hydrogen sulphide was removed from the raw Landfill Gas with over 99% efficiency. To conclude the used high pressure Gas absorption technique is capable for upgrading Landfill Gas to 87.9 ± 2.0% methane content.
