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Kevin R. Kazacos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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baylisascaris Larva Migrans
Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 2013Co-Authors: Kevin R. Kazacos, Linda A Jelicks, Herbert B. TanowitzAbstract:: Baylisascaris procyonis is a roundworm of the raccoon found primarily in North America but also known to occur in other parts of the world including South America, Europe, and Japan. Migration of the Larvae of this parasite is recognized as a cause of clinical neural Larva Migrans (NLM) in humans, primarily children. It is manifested as meningoencephalitis associated with marked eosinophilia of the cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood. Diagnosis is made by recovering and identifying Larvae in or from the tissues, epidemiological history, serology, and imaging of the central nervous system. Treatment is with albendazole and steroids, although the prognosis is generally poor. This parasite can also cause ocular Larva Migrans (OLM) which usually presents as diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN). The ocular diagnosis can be made by visualizing the Larva in the eye and by serology. Intraocular Larvae can be destroyed by photocoagulation although albendazole and steroids may also be used. However, once visual disturbance is established the prognosis for improved vision is poor. Related Baylisascaris species occur in skunks, badgers, and certain other carnivores, although most cases of NLM are caused by B. procyonis. Baylisascaris procyonis has also been found in kinkajous in the USA and South America and may also occur in related procyonids (coatis, olingos, etc.).
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differentiation of Larva Migrans caused by baylisascaris procyonis and toxocara species by western blotting
Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 2009Co-Authors: Sriveny Dangoudoubiyam, Kevin R. KazacosAbstract:Baylisascaris procyonis and Toxocara species are two important causes of Larva Migrans in humans. Larva Migrans caused by Toxocara spp. is well known and is diagnosed serologically by enzyme immunoassay. Over a dozen cases of Larva Migrans and associated eosinophilic encephalitis caused by B. procyonis have also been reported, and at least a dozen additional cases are known. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the excretory-secretory (ES) antigen of B. procyonis Larvae is currently being used in our laboratory as an aid in the diagnosis of this infection in humans. Clinically affected individuals show very high reactivity (measured as the optical density) on this ELISA; however, a one-way cross-reactivity with Toxocara spp. has been observed. As an approach to differentiate these two infections based on serology, we performed Western blots, wherein the B. procyonis ES antigen was reacted with serum samples from individuals known to be positive for either Toxocara spp. or B. procyonis Larva Migrans. Western blot results showed that B. procyonis antigens of between 30 and 45 kDa were specifically identified only by the sera from individuals with Baylisascaris Larva Migrans, thus allowing for differentiation between the two infections. This included human patient serum samples submitted for serologic testing, as well as sera from rabbits experimentally infected with B. procyonis. When used in conjunction with the ELISA, Western blotting could be an efficient tool for diagnosis of this infection in humans.
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neural Larva Migrans caused by the raccoon roundworm baylisascaris procyonis
Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 2002Co-Authors: Patrick J Gavin, Todd A Davis, William B Brinkman, Marilyn B. Mets, Kevin R. Kazacos, Stanford T. ShulmanAbstract:: Baylisascaris procyonis, the common raccoon roundworm, is a rare cause of devastating or fatal neural Larva Migrans in infants and young children. We describe the clinical features of two children from suburban Chicago who developed severe, nonfatal B. procyonis neural Larva Migrans. Despite treatment with albendazole and high dose corticosteroids, both patients are neurologically devastated. In many regions of North America, large populations of raccoons with high rates of endemic B. procyonis infection live in proximity to humans, which suggests that the risk of human infection is probably substantial. In the absence of effective treatment, prevention of infection remains the most important public health strategy.
Haruhiko Maruyama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Treatment of Larva Migrans syndrome with long-term administration of albendazole
Elsevier, 2019Co-Authors: Amy Hombu, Ayako Yoshida, Taisei Kikuchi, Eiji Nagayasu, Mika Kuroki, Haruhiko MaruyamaAbstract:Background: Larva Migrans syndrome is a food-borne parasitic disease in humans, caused by accidental ingestion of eggs or Larvae of ascarid nematodes, namely, Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, or Ascaris suum, the roundworms commonly found in the intestines of dogs, cats and pigs respectively. When a patient is diagnosed as having Larva Migrans syndrome, oral-administration of albendazole is recommended, however, the regimen remains controversial worldwide. In Japan, the duration of albendazole administration is longer than those of European and North American countries. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of long-term administration treatment of albendazole for Larva Migrans syndrome. Methods: From 2004 to 2014, our laboratory was involved in the diagnosis of 758 Larva Migrans syndrome cases, of which 299 cases could be followed up after the treatment. We analyzed these 299 follow-up cases on the ELISA results before and after the treatment as well as on anthelmintic used, dose and duration of medication, clinical findings, and side effects, recorded on a consultation sheet provided by the attending physicians. We have 288 cases as the subjects of this study. Results: Albendazole represented a 78.0% efficacy rate. The side effects represented 15.0% in using albendazole alone cases; however, the side effects were mild to moderate and there were no severe cases reported. Conclusions: The long-term administration treatment of albendazole is safe and effective for Larva Migrans syndrome. Keywords: Albendazole, Larva Migrans syndrome, Ascaris suum, Toxocara canis, Toxocara cat
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Treatment of Larva Migrans syndrome with long-term administration of albendazole.
Journal of microbiology immunology and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi, 2017Co-Authors: Amy Hombu, Ayako Yoshida, Taisei Kikuchi, Eiji Nagayasu, Mika Kuroki, Haruhiko MaruyamaAbstract:Abstract Background Larva Migrans syndrome is a food-borne parasitic disease in humans, caused by accidental ingestion of eggs or Larvae of ascarid nematodes, namely, Toxocara canis , Toxocara cati , or Ascaris suum , the roundworms commonly found in the intestines of dogs, cats and pigs respectively. When a patient is diagnosed as having Larva Migrans syndrome, oral-administration of albendazole is recommended, however, the regimen remains controversial worldwide. In Japan, the duration of albendazole administration is longer than those of European and North American countries. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of long-term administration treatment of albendazole for Larva Migrans syndrome. Methods From 2004 to 2014, our laboratory was involved in the diagnosis of 758 Larva Migrans syndrome cases, of which 299 cases could be followed up after the treatment. We analyzed these 299 follow-up cases on the ELISA results before and after the treatment as well as on anthelmintic used, dose and duration of medication, clinical findings, and side effects, recorded on a consultation sheet provided by the attending physicians. We have 288 cases as the subjects of this study. Results Albendazole represented a 78.0% efficacy rate. The side effects represented 15.0% in using albendazole alone cases; however, the side effects were mild to moderate and there were no severe cases reported. Conclusions The long-term administration treatment of albendazole is safe and effective for Larva Migrans syndrome.
Peter H. Hoeger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cutaneous Larva Migrans in northern Germany
European journal of pediatrics, 2007Co-Authors: A. K. Kienast, Ralf Bialek, Peter H. HoegerAbstract:We report a 14-month-old female infant with typical cutaneous Larva Migrans, but without a history of travelling outside Germany. Cutaneous Larva Migrans is most commonly observed in and imported from tropical countries. Only a few cases have been described in northern Europe. This report serves as a reminder that under certain circumstances acquisition of this "tropical" parasite is possible even in non-tropical countries.
Peter J. De Vries - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cutaneous Larva Migrans acquired in Brittany, France.
Emerging infectious diseases, 2009Co-Authors: Nienke Tamminga, Wouter F W Bierman, Peter J. De VriesAbstract:To the Editor: Hookworm-related cutaneous Larva Migrans is a parasitic dermatosis caused by the penetration of Larvae, mostly of a dog or cat hookworm, into the epidermis of humans (1,2). This eruption is most commonly found in tropical and subtropical areas but was recently reported from western Europe, including Germany (3,4), England (5,6), Scotland (7), and southern France (8). We report a patient from the Netherlands who acquired hookworm-related cutaneous Larva Migrans while on a holiday in Brittany, France. A previously healthy 40-year-old man from the Netherlands traveled to Brittany, France, to visit from September 1 to September 15, 2008. He and his partner slept in tents, sometimes camping rough (not on designated camping sites or on private property), and they stayed in low-budget hotels. They spent a lot of time on several beaches along the Atlantic Ocean on the southern shore of Brittany (≈48°N). The weather during their stay was variable. The patient was frequently bitten by mosquitoes, especially on his feet. He had not traveled to the tropics before and did not own any pets. After his return to the Netherlands, the area around 2 presumed mosquito bites at the lateral side of his right foot became red, swollen, and itchy. This area evolved into a 1-cm pustule that later turned into a bulla. On November 10, he visited his general practitioner, who made a diagnosis of cellulitis and started the patient on amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 625 mg, 3×/day for 10 days. During antimicrobial drug treatment, skin inflammation improved, but after 2 days the patient noticed that an itching red streak had developed, extending from the lesions on the lateral side of the right foot to the whole width of the sole of the foot. The tip of the streak proceeded along the sole of the foot at the rate of 2 cm/day. On the fifth day, he was referred to our Tropical Diseases outpatient clinic. Physical examination showed 2 elevated, ulcerative lesions on the lateral side of the right foot, and from each originated an elevated serpiginous lesion (Figure, panels B and C). These were typical tortuous lesions 2 cm in width. One of the lesions ran across the whole sole of the right foot and was 14 cm in length (Figure, panels A and C). The medial end of the lesion was fervently erythematous. Based on clinical signs, we diagnosed the skin lesion as hookworm-related cutaneous Larva Migrans with secondary impetiginization. The patient was subsequently treated with a single oral dose of 12 mg ivermectin. The itch and the progression of the lesion halted instantly and the lesion disappeared during the following weeks. The Larva was not extirpated and thus not further identified. Figure Right foot of a patient from Brittany, France, with a hookworm-related cutaneous Larva Migrans, showing an elevated serpiginous lesion on the sole of the foot (panels A, B) and ulcerative lesions at the origin of the lesions on the lateral side of the ... Hookworm-related cutaneous Larva Migrans is usually caused by Ancylostoma brasiliense, A. caninum or, rarely, Uncinaria stenocephala. These zoonotic hookworms need a high temperature and a moist environment to develop from an embryo to filariforme Larva (1,2). Hookworm-related cutaneous Larva Migrans is typically a disorder of tropical and subtropical zones and it is rather common among tourists who visit tropical beaches. This was the first patient we had seen with this disease who became infected in western Europe. Apart from an exceptionally hot day on August 30 (maximum 26°C), the weather was not particularly warm during the summer of 2008 in Brittany; during the first 2 weeks of September the average minimum and maximum temperatures were 11°C and 17°C, respectively. Rainfall was moderate and humidity was ≈86% (9). However, the overall warmer climate, including warmer winters, might have created the conditions for zoonotic hookworm infections in humans in western Europe (10). Our patient may have been infected by U. stenocephala, a nematode of dogs that is common in temperate zones but rarely causes hookworm-related cutaneous Larva Migrans. An increase in ambient temperature might increase the incidence of these zoonotic infections in northern regions. Only 4 cases of hookworm-related cutaneous Larva Migrans were previously reported in France, all from southern regions (8). A northern spread of hookworm-related cutaneous Larva Migrans could thus point to expansion of the global distribution of the more tropical hookworms or altered conditions that favor the emergence of infection by a zoonotic hookworm such as U. stenocephala. Either explanation calls for screening of infection in cats and dogs and preventing pet animals and possibly stray animals from accessing beaches. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of hookworm-related cutaneous Larva Migrans in patients who have traveled to western Europe and, in particular, those who have stayed on the beaches.
Amy Hombu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Treatment of Larva Migrans syndrome with long-term administration of albendazole
Elsevier, 2019Co-Authors: Amy Hombu, Ayako Yoshida, Taisei Kikuchi, Eiji Nagayasu, Mika Kuroki, Haruhiko MaruyamaAbstract:Background: Larva Migrans syndrome is a food-borne parasitic disease in humans, caused by accidental ingestion of eggs or Larvae of ascarid nematodes, namely, Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, or Ascaris suum, the roundworms commonly found in the intestines of dogs, cats and pigs respectively. When a patient is diagnosed as having Larva Migrans syndrome, oral-administration of albendazole is recommended, however, the regimen remains controversial worldwide. In Japan, the duration of albendazole administration is longer than those of European and North American countries. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of long-term administration treatment of albendazole for Larva Migrans syndrome. Methods: From 2004 to 2014, our laboratory was involved in the diagnosis of 758 Larva Migrans syndrome cases, of which 299 cases could be followed up after the treatment. We analyzed these 299 follow-up cases on the ELISA results before and after the treatment as well as on anthelmintic used, dose and duration of medication, clinical findings, and side effects, recorded on a consultation sheet provided by the attending physicians. We have 288 cases as the subjects of this study. Results: Albendazole represented a 78.0% efficacy rate. The side effects represented 15.0% in using albendazole alone cases; however, the side effects were mild to moderate and there were no severe cases reported. Conclusions: The long-term administration treatment of albendazole is safe and effective for Larva Migrans syndrome. Keywords: Albendazole, Larva Migrans syndrome, Ascaris suum, Toxocara canis, Toxocara cat
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Treatment of Larva Migrans syndrome with long-term administration of albendazole.
Journal of microbiology immunology and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi, 2017Co-Authors: Amy Hombu, Ayako Yoshida, Taisei Kikuchi, Eiji Nagayasu, Mika Kuroki, Haruhiko MaruyamaAbstract:Abstract Background Larva Migrans syndrome is a food-borne parasitic disease in humans, caused by accidental ingestion of eggs or Larvae of ascarid nematodes, namely, Toxocara canis , Toxocara cati , or Ascaris suum , the roundworms commonly found in the intestines of dogs, cats and pigs respectively. When a patient is diagnosed as having Larva Migrans syndrome, oral-administration of albendazole is recommended, however, the regimen remains controversial worldwide. In Japan, the duration of albendazole administration is longer than those of European and North American countries. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of long-term administration treatment of albendazole for Larva Migrans syndrome. Methods From 2004 to 2014, our laboratory was involved in the diagnosis of 758 Larva Migrans syndrome cases, of which 299 cases could be followed up after the treatment. We analyzed these 299 follow-up cases on the ELISA results before and after the treatment as well as on anthelmintic used, dose and duration of medication, clinical findings, and side effects, recorded on a consultation sheet provided by the attending physicians. We have 288 cases as the subjects of this study. Results Albendazole represented a 78.0% efficacy rate. The side effects represented 15.0% in using albendazole alone cases; however, the side effects were mild to moderate and there were no severe cases reported. Conclusions The long-term administration treatment of albendazole is safe and effective for Larva Migrans syndrome.
