The Experts below are selected from a list of 21735 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Francis R Carbone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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maintenance of t cell function in the face of chronic antigen stimulation and repeated reactivation for a Latent Virus Infection
Journal of Immunology, 2012Co-Authors: Laura K Mackay, Linda M Wakim, Catherine Julia Van Vliet, Claerwen M Jones, Scott N Mueller, Oliver Bannard, Douglas T Fearon, William R Heath, Francis R CarboneAbstract:Persisting Infections are often associated with chronic T cell activation. For certain pathogens, this can lead to T cell exhaustion and survival of what is otherwise a cleared Infection. In contrast, for herpesViruses, T cells never eliminate Infection once it is established. Instead, effective immunity appears to maintain these pathogens in a state of latency. We used Infection with HSV to examine whether effector-type T cells undergoing chronic stimulation retained functional and proliferative capacity during latency and subsequent reactivation. We found that latency-associated T cells exhibited a polyfunctional phenotype and could secrete a range of effector cytokines. These T cells were also capable of mounting a recall proliferative response on HSV reactivation and could do so repeatedly. Thus, for this Latent Infection, T cells subjected to chronic Ag stimulation and periodic reactivation retain the ability to respond to local Virus challenge.
Laura K Mackay - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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maintenance of t cell function in the face of chronic antigen stimulation and repeated reactivation for a Latent Virus Infection
Journal of Immunology, 2012Co-Authors: Laura K Mackay, Linda M Wakim, Catherine Julia Van Vliet, Claerwen M Jones, Scott N Mueller, Oliver Bannard, Douglas T Fearon, William R Heath, Francis R CarboneAbstract:Persisting Infections are often associated with chronic T cell activation. For certain pathogens, this can lead to T cell exhaustion and survival of what is otherwise a cleared Infection. In contrast, for herpesViruses, T cells never eliminate Infection once it is established. Instead, effective immunity appears to maintain these pathogens in a state of latency. We used Infection with HSV to examine whether effector-type T cells undergoing chronic stimulation retained functional and proliferative capacity during latency and subsequent reactivation. We found that latency-associated T cells exhibited a polyfunctional phenotype and could secrete a range of effector cytokines. These T cells were also capable of mounting a recall proliferative response on HSV reactivation and could do so repeatedly. Thus, for this Latent Infection, T cells subjected to chronic Ag stimulation and periodic reactivation retain the ability to respond to local Virus challenge.
Alan Engelman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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factors that mold the nuclear landscape of hiv 1 integration
Nucleic Acids Research, 2021Co-Authors: Gregory J Bedwell, Alan EngelmanAbstract:The integration of retroviral reverse transcripts into the chromatin of the cells that they infect is required for Virus replication. Retroviral integration has far-reaching consequences, from perpetuating deadly human diseases to molding metazoan evolution. The lentiVirus human immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV-1), which is the causative agent of the AIDS pandemic, efficiently infects interphase cells due to the active nuclear import of its preintegration complex (PIC). To enable integration, the PIC must navigate the densely-packed nuclear environment where the genome is organized into different chromatin states of varying accessibility in accordance with cellular needs. The HIV-1 capsid protein interacts with specific host factors to facilitate PIC nuclear import, while additional interactions of viral integrase, the enzyme responsible for viral DNA integration, with cellular nuclear proteins and nucleobases guide integration to specific chromosomal sites. HIV-1 integration favors transcriptionally active chromatin such as speckle-associated domains and disfavors heterochromatin including lamina-associated domains. In this review, we describe Virus-host interactions that facilitate HIV-1 PIC nuclear import and integration site targeting, highlighting commonalities among factors that participate in both of these steps. We moreover discuss how the nuclear landscape influences HIV-1 integration site selection as well as the establishment of active versus Latent Virus Infection.
Scott N Mueller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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maintenance of t cell function in the face of chronic antigen stimulation and repeated reactivation for a Latent Virus Infection
Journal of Immunology, 2012Co-Authors: Laura K Mackay, Linda M Wakim, Catherine Julia Van Vliet, Claerwen M Jones, Scott N Mueller, Oliver Bannard, Douglas T Fearon, William R Heath, Francis R CarboneAbstract:Persisting Infections are often associated with chronic T cell activation. For certain pathogens, this can lead to T cell exhaustion and survival of what is otherwise a cleared Infection. In contrast, for herpesViruses, T cells never eliminate Infection once it is established. Instead, effective immunity appears to maintain these pathogens in a state of latency. We used Infection with HSV to examine whether effector-type T cells undergoing chronic stimulation retained functional and proliferative capacity during latency and subsequent reactivation. We found that latency-associated T cells exhibited a polyfunctional phenotype and could secrete a range of effector cytokines. These T cells were also capable of mounting a recall proliferative response on HSV reactivation and could do so repeatedly. Thus, for this Latent Infection, T cells subjected to chronic Ag stimulation and periodic reactivation retain the ability to respond to local Virus challenge.
William R Heath - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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maintenance of t cell function in the face of chronic antigen stimulation and repeated reactivation for a Latent Virus Infection
Journal of Immunology, 2012Co-Authors: Laura K Mackay, Linda M Wakim, Catherine Julia Van Vliet, Claerwen M Jones, Scott N Mueller, Oliver Bannard, Douglas T Fearon, William R Heath, Francis R CarboneAbstract:Persisting Infections are often associated with chronic T cell activation. For certain pathogens, this can lead to T cell exhaustion and survival of what is otherwise a cleared Infection. In contrast, for herpesViruses, T cells never eliminate Infection once it is established. Instead, effective immunity appears to maintain these pathogens in a state of latency. We used Infection with HSV to examine whether effector-type T cells undergoing chronic stimulation retained functional and proliferative capacity during latency and subsequent reactivation. We found that latency-associated T cells exhibited a polyfunctional phenotype and could secrete a range of effector cytokines. These T cells were also capable of mounting a recall proliferative response on HSV reactivation and could do so repeatedly. Thus, for this Latent Infection, T cells subjected to chronic Ag stimulation and periodic reactivation retain the ability to respond to local Virus challenge.
