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D. A. Sukhanov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • formation of eutectic carbides in the structure of high purity white cast iron in the forging process
    Materials Sciences and Applications, 2017
    Co-Authors: D. A. Sukhanov, L B Arkhangelsky
    Abstract:

    It is found that the deformation of white cast iron under forging production is only possible with a minimum number of permanent impurities. The developed modes of high-temperature intermediate annealing facilitate the deformation of the forging under normal production conditions. It is shown that in the process of isothermal annealing of white cast iron begins the process of disintegration of Ledeburite in the more stable eutectic carbides, providing technological plasticity for subsequent forging. The installed influence of the purity of white cast iron on the morphology of the excess carbides and their ability to divide. Studies the morphology of the excess eutectic carbides after melting, pre-annealing and after deformation forging. Discovered that after severe plastic deformation the structure of white cast iron becomes more stable, due to the appearance of eutectic carbides. It was determined that the deformed structure of white iron, because of its lack Ledeburite component, was more identical with the structure of the alloy Ledeburite steels. The data obtained can be used for making Damascus bladed weapons products, experiencing shock-variables loads.

  • Nature of Angular Carbides in Damascus Steel
    Metallurgist, 2017
    Co-Authors: D. A. Sukhanov, L. B. Arkhangel’skii, N. V. Plotnikova
    Abstract:

    It is detected that in some specimens of Damascus steel part of the excess cementite is of unusual origin, in contrast to excess phases of secondary cementite, Ledeburite cementite, and primary cementite in ironcarbon alloys. It is revealed that a morphological feature of separate particles of cementite in Damascus steel includes anomalously large excess carbides in the form of irregular octahedral and prisms. It is shown that angular carbides form within the original metastable Ledeburite colonies, and therefore they are called “eutectic.” It is established that unalloyed materials of the carbide class acquire Damascus properties steel properties during isothermal exposure on annealing, which leads to thermal separation of colonies of metastable Ledeburite, to limitation of newly formed eutectic carbides, and to their subsequent coalescence. It is revealed that some sorts of Damascus steel, being within the field of white cast iron with respect to carbon content, do not contain broken Ledeburite within their structure. It is shown that the pattern of carbide inhomogeneity entirely consists of eutectic of angular carbides of non-etching triangular-prismatic morphology.

  • damascus steel Ledeburite class
    Microelectronics Systems Education, 2017
    Co-Authors: D. A. Sukhanov, L B Arkhangelsky, And N V Plotnikova
    Abstract:

    Discovered that some of blades Damascus steel has an unusual nature of origin of the excess cementite, which different from the redundant phases of secondary cementite, cementite of Ledeburite and primary cementite in iron-carbon alloys. It is revealed that the morphological features of separate particles of cementite in Damascus steels lies in the abnormal size of excess carbides having the shape of irregular prisms. Considered three hypotheses for the formation of excess cementite in the form of faceted prismatic of excess carbides. The first hypothesis is based on thermal fission of cementite of a few isolated grains. The second hypothesis is based on the process of fragmentation cementite during deformation to the separate the pieces. The third hypothesis is based on the transformation of metastable cementite in the stable of angular eutectic carbide. It is shown that the angular carbides are formed within the original metastable colony Ledeburite, so they are called "eutectic carbide". It is established that high-purity white cast iron is converted into of Damascus steel during isothermal soaking at the annealing. It was revealed that some of blades Damascus steel Ledeburite class do not contain in its microstructure of crushed Ledeburite. It is shown that the pattern of carbide heterogeneity of Damascus steel consists entirely of angular eutectic carbides. Believe that Damascus steel refers to non-heat-resistant steel of Ledeburite class, which have similar structural characteristics with semi-heat-resistant die steel or heat-resistant high speed steel, differing from them only in the nature of excess carbide phase.

  • eutectic carbides in damascus steel Ledeburite class wootz
    International Research Journal of Materials Sciences and Applications, 2017
    Co-Authors: D. A. Sukhanov, L B Arkhangelsky
    Abstract:

    Considered the nature of the change of the morphology of excess carbides in Damascus steel (Wootz), depending on the degree of supercooling of the melt, heat treatment and plastic deformation. Discovered that some of blades Damascus steel has an unusual nature of origin of the excess cementite, which different from the redundant phases of secondary cementite, cementite of Ledeburite and primary cementite in iron-carbon alloys. It is revealed that the morphological features of separate particles of cementite in Damascus steels lies in the abnormal size of excess carbides having the shape of irregular prisms. Considered three hypotheses for the formation of excess cementite in the form of faceted prismatic of excess carbides. The first hypothesis is based on thermal fission of cementite of a few isolated grains. The second hypothesis is based on the process of fragmentation cementite during deformation to the separate the pieces. The third hypothesis is based on the transformation of metastable cementite in the stable of angular eutectic carbide. It is shown that the angular carbides are formed within the original metastable colony Ledeburite, so they are called “eutectic carbide”. It is established that high-purity white cast iron is converted into of Damascus steel during isothermal soaking at the annealing. It was revealed that some of blades Damascus steel Ledeburite class do not contain in its microstructure of crushed Ledeburite. It is shown that the pattern of carbide heterogeneity of Damascus steel consists entirely of angular eutectic carbides. Believe that Damascus steel refers to non-heat-resistant steel of Ledeburite class, which have similar structural characteristics with semi-heat-resistant die steel or heat-resistant high speed steel, differing from them only in the nature of excess carbide phase.

  • Wootz: Cast Iron or Steel?
    Materials Sciences and Applications, 2016
    Co-Authors: D. A. Sukhanov, N. V. Plotnikova
    Abstract:

    It is shown that the excess carbide phase in Wootz is of an unusual nature origin that differs from the excess phase of secondary cementite, Ledeburite and primary cementite in iron-carbon alloys. It is revealed that the morphological features of excess cementite in Wootz lie in the abnormal size of excess carbides having the shape of irregular prisms. It is discovered that the faceted angular carbides are formed within the original of metastable Ledeburite, so they are called “eutectic carbides”. It was found that angular eutectic carbides in the Wootz formed during long isothermal soaking at the annealing and subsequent deformation of Ledeburite structures. It is revealed that carbon takes up 2.25% in Wootz (in the region of white cast iron), while none in its structure of crushed Ledeburite. It is shown that the pattern of carbide heterogeneity consists entirely of angular eutectic carbides having an irregular trigonal-prismatic morphology. It is shown that Wootz (Damascus steel) is non-alloy tool steel of Ledeburite class, similar with structural characteristics of die steel of Ledeburite class and high-speed steel, differing from them only in the nature of excess carbide phase.

L B Arkhangelsky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • formation of eutectic carbides in the structure of high purity white cast iron in the forging process
    Materials Sciences and Applications, 2017
    Co-Authors: D. A. Sukhanov, L B Arkhangelsky
    Abstract:

    It is found that the deformation of white cast iron under forging production is only possible with a minimum number of permanent impurities. The developed modes of high-temperature intermediate annealing facilitate the deformation of the forging under normal production conditions. It is shown that in the process of isothermal annealing of white cast iron begins the process of disintegration of Ledeburite in the more stable eutectic carbides, providing technological plasticity for subsequent forging. The installed influence of the purity of white cast iron on the morphology of the excess carbides and their ability to divide. Studies the morphology of the excess eutectic carbides after melting, pre-annealing and after deformation forging. Discovered that after severe plastic deformation the structure of white cast iron becomes more stable, due to the appearance of eutectic carbides. It was determined that the deformed structure of white iron, because of its lack Ledeburite component, was more identical with the structure of the alloy Ledeburite steels. The data obtained can be used for making Damascus bladed weapons products, experiencing shock-variables loads.

  • damascus steel Ledeburite class
    Microelectronics Systems Education, 2017
    Co-Authors: D. A. Sukhanov, L B Arkhangelsky, And N V Plotnikova
    Abstract:

    Discovered that some of blades Damascus steel has an unusual nature of origin of the excess cementite, which different from the redundant phases of secondary cementite, cementite of Ledeburite and primary cementite in iron-carbon alloys. It is revealed that the morphological features of separate particles of cementite in Damascus steels lies in the abnormal size of excess carbides having the shape of irregular prisms. Considered three hypotheses for the formation of excess cementite in the form of faceted prismatic of excess carbides. The first hypothesis is based on thermal fission of cementite of a few isolated grains. The second hypothesis is based on the process of fragmentation cementite during deformation to the separate the pieces. The third hypothesis is based on the transformation of metastable cementite in the stable of angular eutectic carbide. It is shown that the angular carbides are formed within the original metastable colony Ledeburite, so they are called "eutectic carbide". It is established that high-purity white cast iron is converted into of Damascus steel during isothermal soaking at the annealing. It was revealed that some of blades Damascus steel Ledeburite class do not contain in its microstructure of crushed Ledeburite. It is shown that the pattern of carbide heterogeneity of Damascus steel consists entirely of angular eutectic carbides. Believe that Damascus steel refers to non-heat-resistant steel of Ledeburite class, which have similar structural characteristics with semi-heat-resistant die steel or heat-resistant high speed steel, differing from them only in the nature of excess carbide phase.

  • eutectic carbides in damascus steel Ledeburite class wootz
    International Research Journal of Materials Sciences and Applications, 2017
    Co-Authors: D. A. Sukhanov, L B Arkhangelsky
    Abstract:

    Considered the nature of the change of the morphology of excess carbides in Damascus steel (Wootz), depending on the degree of supercooling of the melt, heat treatment and plastic deformation. Discovered that some of blades Damascus steel has an unusual nature of origin of the excess cementite, which different from the redundant phases of secondary cementite, cementite of Ledeburite and primary cementite in iron-carbon alloys. It is revealed that the morphological features of separate particles of cementite in Damascus steels lies in the abnormal size of excess carbides having the shape of irregular prisms. Considered three hypotheses for the formation of excess cementite in the form of faceted prismatic of excess carbides. The first hypothesis is based on thermal fission of cementite of a few isolated grains. The second hypothesis is based on the process of fragmentation cementite during deformation to the separate the pieces. The third hypothesis is based on the transformation of metastable cementite in the stable of angular eutectic carbide. It is shown that the angular carbides are formed within the original metastable colony Ledeburite, so they are called “eutectic carbide”. It is established that high-purity white cast iron is converted into of Damascus steel during isothermal soaking at the annealing. It was revealed that some of blades Damascus steel Ledeburite class do not contain in its microstructure of crushed Ledeburite. It is shown that the pattern of carbide heterogeneity of Damascus steel consists entirely of angular eutectic carbides. Believe that Damascus steel refers to non-heat-resistant steel of Ledeburite class, which have similar structural characteristics with semi-heat-resistant die steel or heat-resistant high speed steel, differing from them only in the nature of excess carbide phase.

  • morphology of excess carbides damascus steel
    Journal of Materials Science Research, 2016
    Co-Authors: D. A. Sukhanov, N. V. Plotnikova, L B Arkhangelsky, N S Belousova
    Abstract:

    Considered the nature of changes in the morphology of carbides of the unalloyed high-carbon alloys type Damascus steel depending on the degree of supercooling of the melt, heat treatment and plastic deformation. It is shown that iron-carbon alloy with carbon content as in white cast iron at high degrees of supercooling can crystallize as a high-carbon steel. Considered three hypotheses for the formation of the eutectic carbides in pure iron-carbon alloys. The first hypothesis is based on the thermal process of dividing plates of secondary cementite or of Ledeburite on isolated single grain. The second hypothesis is based on the deformation process of crushing of secondary cementite or of Ledeburite into separate fragments (the traditional view on the formation of eutectic carbides). The third hypothesis is based on the transformation of metastable Ledeburite in a stable phase of eutectic carbide prismatic morphology. Found that some types of wootz, which carbon content as in of white cast irons not is contain its structure of Ledeburite. It is shown that the structure of consists entirely of the eutectic carbides prismatic morphology.

L Xinhua - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Krzysztof Pańcikiewicz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Influence of the Thermal Cutting Process on Cracking of Pearlitic Steels
    Materials, 2021
    Co-Authors: Lechosław Tuz, Aneta Ziewiec, Krzysztof Pańcikiewicz
    Abstract:

    The paper presents research results of the influence of heat input into high carbon rail steel during cutting processes on microstructure transformation and cracking. The massive block of steel prepared for rail rolling processes was cut and examined by nondestructive magnetic testing and destructive testing by microscopic examination and hardness measurements. The results show unfavorable microstructure changes where pearlite and transformed Ledeburite were obtained. The effects of the presence of such microstructures are high hardness near to cutting surfaces (above 800 HV) and microcracks which grow into low hardness block cores during rolling and rail shaping.

Janez Grum - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Hardfacing of wear-resistant deposits by mag welding with a flux-cored wire having graphite in its filling
    Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2005
    Co-Authors: Rajko Kejžar, Janez Grum
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT A high carbon content in a Ledeburite-martensite deposit provides high wear resistance. This can be accomplished in hardfacing by MAG welding with covered electrodes, alloying fluxes, and flux-cored wires. Hardfacing with covered electrodes is not efficient, whereas application of alloying fluxes is suitable only for the flat welding position. Hardfacing by flux-cored MAG welding, however, is efficient and suitable also for out-of-position welding, i.e., in the horizontal-vertical and overhead positions, which is particularly important in maintenance. The paper deals with the investigations of the influence of hardfacing-weld alloying by means of the cored-wire filling in hardfacing both by CO 2 welding and welding with no externally supplied shielding medium. The efficiency of alloying the hardfacing weld depended on the composition and the filling ratio of the wire. In hardfacing of martensite-Ledeburite deposits, the high carbon content in the deposit was provided by the addition of graphite t...

  • Comparison of measured and calculated thicknesses of martensite and Ledeburite shells around graphite nodules in hardened layer after laser surface remelting
    Materials Science and Technology, 2002
    Co-Authors: Janez Grum, Roman Šturm
    Abstract:

    After laser surface remelting of nodular iron 400-12 a modified layer consisting of remelted and hardened layers has been observed. Microscopy of the hardened layer was used to analyse the occurrence of martensite shells and/or Ledeburite shells around the graphite nodules in the ferrite matrix. The size of the shells was subsequently supported by diffusion calculations.