The Experts below are selected from a list of 251508 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ji’e Huan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Legal Framework of Urban Underground Space in China
Sustainability, 2020Co-Authors: Zhi Zhang, Jenny Paulsson, Jian Gong, Ji’e HuanAbstract:The booming of three-dimensional (3D) land use brings a change of the connotation of land rights, which will expand “flat” 2D land legislation with 3D land legislation. The Legal issues of urban underground space for 3D objects in large cities around the world have been attracting more and more attention. A supportive Legal Framework is crucial for underground space utilization in a country. This paper analyzes the present 173 representative laws and regulations of urban underground space utilization and management of China from 1998 to 2018, and attempts to interpret the current laws and regulations of underground space from four aspects; by quantity, spatial distribution, legislative force and content. The result shows that poor Legal Framework of urban underground space in China, including low-level of legislative force, disunity of local legislation standard and absence of special statutes and regulations, are the main reasons causing ownership disputation, registration chaos, as well as no unanimous judicial practice. To address these issues, the paper refers to a case study for underground space Legal Framework in Japan and aims to form a set of top-down unified Legal Framework, including basic law, special statutes and regulations, as well as supplementary policies and documents of urban underground space, and proposes that the underground space planning should be incorporated as one essential portion of the master planning in China. By studying the Legal system of underground space in Japan and China, this study may offer better insight for those conducting UUS Legal Framework research as well as serve as reference for countries with similar Legal issues.
Zhi Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Legal Framework of Urban Underground Space in China
Sustainability, 2020Co-Authors: Zhi Zhang, Jenny Paulsson, Jian Gong, Ji’e HuanAbstract:The booming of three-dimensional (3D) land use brings a change of the connotation of land rights, which will expand “flat” 2D land legislation with 3D land legislation. The Legal issues of urban underground space for 3D objects in large cities around the world have been attracting more and more attention. A supportive Legal Framework is crucial for underground space utilization in a country. This paper analyzes the present 173 representative laws and regulations of urban underground space utilization and management of China from 1998 to 2018, and attempts to interpret the current laws and regulations of underground space from four aspects; by quantity, spatial distribution, legislative force and content. The result shows that poor Legal Framework of urban underground space in China, including low-level of legislative force, disunity of local legislation standard and absence of special statutes and regulations, are the main reasons causing ownership disputation, registration chaos, as well as no unanimous judicial practice. To address these issues, the paper refers to a case study for underground space Legal Framework in Japan and aims to form a set of top-down unified Legal Framework, including basic law, special statutes and regulations, as well as supplementary policies and documents of urban underground space, and proposes that the underground space planning should be incorporated as one essential portion of the master planning in China. By studying the Legal system of underground space in Japan and China, this study may offer better insight for those conducting UUS Legal Framework research as well as serve as reference for countries with similar Legal issues.
Johannes Buchmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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developing a Legal Framework for remote electronic voting
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2009Co-Authors: Axel Schmidt, Dennis Heinson, Lucie Langer, Zoi Opitztalidou, Philipp Richter, Melanie Volkamer, Johannes BuchmannAbstract:This paper describes how to Legally regulate remote electronic elections. Electronic voting systems have to respect the constitutional election principles. For technological solutions, this translates into security requirements that have to be fulfilled by the operational environment in which the voting takes place. Therefore [26] introduced the concept of providing the technical and organizational implementation of a remote electronic election by a qualified trustworthy third party. This paper adds Legal regulation to support this concept. The Legal Framework addresses the secure operation of remote electronic voting services as well as their accreditation and supervision by an official authority.
Adriano Alessandrini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Safe Integration of Fully Automated Road Transport Systems in Urban Environments: Basis for Missing Legal Framework
Transportation Research Record, 2015Co-Authors: Andras Csepinszky, Gabriele Giustiniani, Carlos Holguin, Michel Parent, Maxime Flament, Adriano AlessandriniAbstract:Automated Road Transport Systems (ARTS) are transport systems based on the use of fully automated road vehicles controlled by a centralized fleet and infrastructure management system. ARTS are aimed (at least at the beginning) at supplementing mass transit in the last mile and are commercially available today. However, their deployment is limited at the moment, to protected or special roads, while in urban areas, where these systems can be most beneficial, they cannot be implemented due to the absence of an adapted Legal Framework. The CityMobil2 project, financed by the European Commission, aims at removing (amongst others) the Legal barriers that prevent the deployment of Automated Road Transport Systems in urban areas, by developing a specific Legal Framework. Previous experiences based on risk assessment and Failure Mode, Effect and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) have demonstrated being acceptable to the National authorities. On this basis, the CityMobil2 project has started developing a methodology for the certification of fully Automated Road Transport Systems, aimed at guaranteeing an adequate level of safety. The certification Framework has been developed at theoretical level, but during the next phases of the CityMobil2 project, it will be tested in real life conditions during the ARTS demonstrations that will be organized in several cities of Europe, in order to make of this methodology a major reference for a future Legal Framework.
Richard Chinomona - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Creating Enabling Environment for Micro-finance Sector Development in Vietnam: A Legal Framework Perspective
Journal of Economics, 2014Co-Authors: Richard ChinomonaAbstract:KEYWORDS Microfinance Institutions. Legal Framework. Government Policy. Poverty Reduction ABSTRACT There is a long standing consensus in most developing countries that micro-finance is an important tool to reduce poverty. With the majority of people in developing countries such as Vietnam living in rural areas, the conventional wisdom is tha t micro-finance institutions can be u tilized to direct resources to poor ru ral communities. It is argued that the poor lack access to financial resources and therefore, one crucial strategy for achieving pro-poor growth and poverty reduction goals is to increase the role of Micro-Finance Insti tutions (MFIs). However, developmental economists have long noted the complexity of MFIs providing effective rural credit delivery system without a vibrant Legal Framework that creates an enabling environment. Given that MFIs seek to reduce poverty in rural areas through providing sustainable micro-finance facilities, it is unfortunate that the important role played by a Legal Framework has largely been neglected by researchers. Using Vietnam as a case study, this research seeks to examine the Legal Framework governing the activities of MFIs in Vietnam, present the shortcomings of the Legal Framework and then suggest some Legal Framework reforms needed. The understanding is that, a reformed Legal Framework will facilitate a rapid development of MFIs in Vietnam and consequently alleviate rural poverty.
