The Experts below are selected from a list of 228 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Deborah Mccall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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alternative methods for the median Lethal Dose ld 50 test the up and down procedure for acute oral toxicity
Ilar Journal, 2002Co-Authors: Amy Rispin, David Farrar, Elizabeth Margosches, Kailash Gupta, Katherine Stitzel, Gregory Carr, Michael Greene, William A Meyer, Deborah MccallAbstract:The authors have developed an improved version of the up-and-down procedure (UDP) as one of the replacements for the traditional acute oral toxicity test formerly used by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development member nations to characterize industrial chemicals, pesticides, and their mixtures. This method improves the performance of acute testing for applications that use the median Lethal Dose (classic LD 50 ) test while achieving significant reductions in animal use. It uses sequential dosing, together with sophisticated computer-assisted computational methods during the execution and calculation phases of the test. Staircase design, a form of sequential test design, can be applied to acute toxicity testing with its binary experimental endpoints (yes/no outcomes). The improved UDP provides a point estimate of the LD50 and approximate confidence intervals in addition to observed toxic signs for the substance tested. It does not provide information about the Dose-response curve. Computer simulation was used to test performance of the UDP without the need for additional laboratory validation.
Amy Rispin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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alternative methods for the median Lethal Dose ld 50 test the up and down procedure for acute oral toxicity
Ilar Journal, 2002Co-Authors: Amy Rispin, David Farrar, Elizabeth Margosches, Kailash Gupta, Katherine Stitzel, Gregory Carr, Michael Greene, William A Meyer, Deborah MccallAbstract:The authors have developed an improved version of the up-and-down procedure (UDP) as one of the replacements for the traditional acute oral toxicity test formerly used by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development member nations to characterize industrial chemicals, pesticides, and their mixtures. This method improves the performance of acute testing for applications that use the median Lethal Dose (classic LD 50 ) test while achieving significant reductions in animal use. It uses sequential dosing, together with sophisticated computer-assisted computational methods during the execution and calculation phases of the test. Staircase design, a form of sequential test design, can be applied to acute toxicity testing with its binary experimental endpoints (yes/no outcomes). The improved UDP provides a point estimate of the LD50 and approximate confidence intervals in addition to observed toxic signs for the substance tested. It does not provide information about the Dose-response curve. Computer simulation was used to test performance of the UDP without the need for additional laboratory validation.
Kelly H. Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Median Lethal Dose determination for percutaneous exposure to soman and VX in guinea pigs and the effectiveness of decontamination with M291 SDK or SANDIA foam
Toxicology Letters, 2012Co-Authors: Edward D. Clarkson, Susan M. Schulz, Roy F. Railer, Kelly H. SmithAbstract:Soman (GD) and VX are chemical warfare agents that can be absorbed through the skin. We determined the median Lethal Dose (MLD) for the cutaneous application of GD and VX in anesthetized haired guinea pigs and then tested the ability of a currently fielded decontamination kit, the M291 Skin Decontamination Kit (SDK), and decontaminating foam made by SANDIA Labs to decontaminate areas that have been exposed to cutaneous applications of GD and VX. The fur of guinea pigs was clipped on the left flank 24. h prior to exposure. Animals were anesthetized and 5. min later neat GD or neat VX was applied. The MLD for percutaneous exposure to GD was 11.6. mg/kg, and to VX it was 0.10. mg/kg. To test the ability of the M291 SDK, either GD or VX was applied and removed 1. min later with the pads of the M291 SDK clasped in a pair of forceps and wiped across the flank of the animal. The MLDs for GD and VX removed with the M291 SDK pads were 76.9. mg/kg and 0.87. mg/kg, respectively. When neat GD or neat VX was applied and removed 1. min later in the same manner with gauze soaked in SANDIA foam (MDF-100), the MLDs were 412. mg/kg and 10.4. mg/kg respectively. These data demonstrate that GD and VX are significantly less potent when applied cutaneously than previously reported for subcutaneous injections and indicate that improvement is needed on the limited protective ratio provided by the M291 SDK. © 2012.
David Farrar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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alternative methods for the median Lethal Dose ld 50 test the up and down procedure for acute oral toxicity
Ilar Journal, 2002Co-Authors: Amy Rispin, David Farrar, Elizabeth Margosches, Kailash Gupta, Katherine Stitzel, Gregory Carr, Michael Greene, William A Meyer, Deborah MccallAbstract:The authors have developed an improved version of the up-and-down procedure (UDP) as one of the replacements for the traditional acute oral toxicity test formerly used by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development member nations to characterize industrial chemicals, pesticides, and their mixtures. This method improves the performance of acute testing for applications that use the median Lethal Dose (classic LD 50 ) test while achieving significant reductions in animal use. It uses sequential dosing, together with sophisticated computer-assisted computational methods during the execution and calculation phases of the test. Staircase design, a form of sequential test design, can be applied to acute toxicity testing with its binary experimental endpoints (yes/no outcomes). The improved UDP provides a point estimate of the LD50 and approximate confidence intervals in addition to observed toxic signs for the substance tested. It does not provide information about the Dose-response curve. Computer simulation was used to test performance of the UDP without the need for additional laboratory validation.
Michael Greene - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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alternative methods for the median Lethal Dose ld 50 test the up and down procedure for acute oral toxicity
Ilar Journal, 2002Co-Authors: Amy Rispin, David Farrar, Elizabeth Margosches, Kailash Gupta, Katherine Stitzel, Gregory Carr, Michael Greene, William A Meyer, Deborah MccallAbstract:The authors have developed an improved version of the up-and-down procedure (UDP) as one of the replacements for the traditional acute oral toxicity test formerly used by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development member nations to characterize industrial chemicals, pesticides, and their mixtures. This method improves the performance of acute testing for applications that use the median Lethal Dose (classic LD 50 ) test while achieving significant reductions in animal use. It uses sequential dosing, together with sophisticated computer-assisted computational methods during the execution and calculation phases of the test. Staircase design, a form of sequential test design, can be applied to acute toxicity testing with its binary experimental endpoints (yes/no outcomes). The improved UDP provides a point estimate of the LD50 and approximate confidence intervals in addition to observed toxic signs for the substance tested. It does not provide information about the Dose-response curve. Computer simulation was used to test performance of the UDP without the need for additional laboratory validation.