The Experts below are selected from a list of 81207 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

J. Burgess-allen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Built and natural environment planning principles for promoting health: an umbrella review
    BMC Public Health, 2018
    Co-Authors: E. L. Bird, J. O. Ige, P. Pilkington, A. Pinto, C. Petrokofsky, J. Burgess-allen
    Abstract:

    Background The built and natural environment and health are inextricably linked. However, there is considerable debate surrounding the strength and quality of the evidence base underpinning principles of good practice for built and natural environment design in promoting health. This umbrella review aimed to assess relationships between the built and natural environment and health, concentrating on five topic areas: neighbourhood design, housing, food environment, natural and sustainable environment, and transport. Methods A structured search was conducted for quantitative systematic reviews and stakeholder reviews published between January 2005 and April 2016. Seven databases and the websites of 15 relevant and respected stakeholder organisations known to publish review-Level Documentation were searched. Searches were limited to English-language publications and duplicate references were removed. Evidence quality and strength was appraised using validated techniques. Findings were used to develop a diagram for each topic area, illustrating relationships between built and natural environment planning principles and health-related outcomes. Results A total of 117 systematic reviews and review-Level documents were eligible for inclusion. The quality of evidence was mixed; much of the evidence examined relied on findings from cross-sectional studies, making it difficult to draw clear causal links between built environment exposures and health-related impacts and outcomes. Fourteen actionable planning principles associated with positive health-related outcomes were identified across the five topic areas. For example, neighbourhoods that enhanced walkability, were complete and compact in design, and those which enhanced connectivity through safe and efficient infrastructure were associated with better health-related outcomes relating to physical activity, social engagement, mental health, perceptions of crime, and road traffic collisions. Evidence for the effectiveness of planning principles across different topic areas and on reducing health inequalities was sparse and inconclusive. Conclusions Findings provide an up-to-date overview of relationships between the built and natural environment and health and present logical, evidence-based messages to aid communication between public health and planning professionals.

  • Built and natural environment planning principles for promoting health: an umbrella review
    BMC public health, 2018
    Co-Authors: E. L. Bird, J. O. Ige, P. Pilkington, A. Pinto, C. Petrokofsky, J. Burgess-allen
    Abstract:

    The built and natural environment and health are inextricably linked. However, there is considerable debate surrounding the strength and quality of the evidence base underpinning principles of good practice for built and natural environment design in promoting health. This umbrella review aimed to assess relationships between the built and natural environment and health, concentrating on five topic areas: neighbourhood design, housing, food environment, natural and sustainable environment, and transport. A structured search was conducted for quantitative systematic reviews and stakeholder reviews published between January 2005 and April 2016. Seven databases and the websites of 15 relevant and respected stakeholder organisations known to publish review-Level Documentation were searched. Searches were limited to English-language publications and duplicate references were removed. Evidence quality and strength was appraised using validated techniques. Findings were used to develop a diagram for each topic area, illustrating relationships between built and natural environment planning principles and health-related outcomes. A total of 117 systematic reviews and review-Level documents were eligible for inclusion. The quality of evidence was mixed; much of the evidence examined relied on findings from cross-sectional studies, making it difficult to draw clear causal links between built environment exposures and health-related impacts and outcomes. Fourteen actionable planning principles associated with positive health-related outcomes were identified across the five topic areas. For example, neighbourhoods that enhanced walkability, were complete and compact in design, and those which enhanced connectivity through safe and efficient infrastructure were associated with better health-related outcomes relating to physical activity, social engagement, mental health, perceptions of crime, and road traffic collisions. Evidence for the effectiveness of planning principles across different topic areas and on reducing health inequalities was sparse and inconclusive. Findings provide an up-to-date overview of relationships between the built and natural environment and health and present logical, evidence-based messages to aid communication between public health and planning professionals.

Curtis R. Cook - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • ACM Conference on Computer Science - Software system Documentation process maturity model
    Proceedings of the 1993 ACM conference on Computer science - CSC '93, 1993
    Co-Authors: Marcello Visconti, Curtis R. Cook
    Abstract:

    Low quality or missing Documentation is a major cause of errors in software development and maintenance. We address this problem by proposing a 4-Level Documentation Process Maturity model based on the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) Software Development Maturity model. We believe our model will be a useful tool in assessing an organization's Documentation Level and identifying improvement areas to move the organization to the next Level.

  • Software System Documentation Process Maturity Model: Validation and Assessment Results
    1993
    Co-Authors: Marcello Visconti, Curtis R. Cook
    Abstract:

    Inaccurate, incomplete, out of date, or missing Documentation is a major contributor to poor software quality. We have designed a 4-Level Documentation process maturity model and assessment procedure whose goal is to improve the Documentation process. Our approach was influenced by the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) Software Process and Capability Maturity models. A maturity Level and Documentation process profile is generated from the responses to an assessment instrument that takes only 30 minutes to complete. The profile indicates key practices for that Level, what practices the organization is doing well, what practices need improvement, and challanges to move to the next maturity Level. Two basic problems addressed in this paper are: (1) Validation of the Documentation Process Maturity model; and (2) Show the cost benefit of an organization achieving a higher maturity Level. For the validation of the model Boehm''s CoCoMo model is used to show the organizations at higher process maturity Levels have reduced testing and maintenance effort. We have assessed 14 projects at 5 organizations. The limited defect data shows that during integration testing 41% of the defects found were design and requirements defects for a project at Level 2. The CoCoMo model is also used to show a significant benefit/cost ratio in achieving a higher maturity Level. Keywords: software Documentation process, assessment, validation, process improvement cost benefit.

Carlo Ieva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Unveiling source code latent knowledge : discovering program topoi
    2018
    Co-Authors: Carlo Ieva
    Abstract:

    During the development of long lifespan software systems, specification documents can become outdated or can even disappear due to the turnover of software developers. Implementing new software releases or checking whether some user requirements are still valid thus becomes challenging. The only reliable development artifact in this context is source code but understanding source code of large projects is a time- and effort- consuming activity. This challenging problem can be addressed by extracting high-Level (observable) capabilities of software systems. By automatically mining the source code and the available source-Level Documentation, it becomes possible to provide a significant help to the software developer in his/her program understanding task.This thesis proposes a new method and a tool, called FEAT (FEature As Topoi), to address this problem. Our approach automatically extracts program topoi from source code analysis by using a three steps process: First, FEAT creates a model of a software system capturing both structural and semantic elements of the source code, augmented with code-Level comments; Second, it creates groups of closely related functions through hierarchical agglomerative clustering; Third, within the context of every cluster, functions are ranked and selected, according to some structural properties, in order to form program topoi.The contributions of the thesis is three-fold:1) The notion of program topoi is introduced and discussed from a theoretical standpoint with respect to other notions used in program understanding ;2) At the core of the clustering method used in FEAT, we propose a new hybrid distance combining both semantic and structural elements automatically extracted from source code and comments. This distance is parametrized and the impact of the parameter is strongly assessed through a deep experimental evaluation ;3) Our tool FEAT has been assessed in collaboration with Software Heritage (SH), a large-scale ambitious initiative whose aim is to collect, preserve and, share all publicly available source code on earth. We performed a large experimental evaluation of FEAT on 600 open source projects of SH, coming from various domains and amounting to more than 25 MLOC (million lines of code).Our results show that FEAT can handle projects of size up to 4,000 functions and several hundreds of files, which opens the door for its large-scale adoption for program understanding.

  • Discovering Program Topoi via Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering
    IEEE Transactions on Reliability, 2018
    Co-Authors: Carlo Ieva, Arnaud Gotlieb, Souhila Kaci, Nadjib Lazaar
    Abstract:

    In long lifespan software systems, specification documents can be outdated or even missing. Developing new software releases or checking whether some user requirements are still valid becomes challenging in this context. This challenge can be addressed by extracting high-Level observable capabilities of a system by mining its source code and the available source-Level Documentation. This paper presents feature extraction and traceability (FEAT), an approach that automatically extracts topoi , which are summaries of the main capabilities of a program, given under the form of collections of code functions along with an index . FEAT acts in two steps: first, clustering: by mining the available source code, possibly augmented with code-Level comments, hierarchical agglomerative clustering groups similar code functions. In addition, this process gathers an index for each function. Second, entry point selection: functions within a cluster are then ranked and presented to validation engineers as topoi candidates. We implemented FEAT on top of a general-purpose test management and optimization platform and performed an experimental study over 15 open-source software projects amounting to more than 1 M lines of codes proving that automatically discovering topoi is feasible and meaningful on realistic projects.

E. L. Bird - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Built and natural environment planning principles for promoting health: an umbrella review
    BMC Public Health, 2018
    Co-Authors: E. L. Bird, J. O. Ige, P. Pilkington, A. Pinto, C. Petrokofsky, J. Burgess-allen
    Abstract:

    Background The built and natural environment and health are inextricably linked. However, there is considerable debate surrounding the strength and quality of the evidence base underpinning principles of good practice for built and natural environment design in promoting health. This umbrella review aimed to assess relationships between the built and natural environment and health, concentrating on five topic areas: neighbourhood design, housing, food environment, natural and sustainable environment, and transport. Methods A structured search was conducted for quantitative systematic reviews and stakeholder reviews published between January 2005 and April 2016. Seven databases and the websites of 15 relevant and respected stakeholder organisations known to publish review-Level Documentation were searched. Searches were limited to English-language publications and duplicate references were removed. Evidence quality and strength was appraised using validated techniques. Findings were used to develop a diagram for each topic area, illustrating relationships between built and natural environment planning principles and health-related outcomes. Results A total of 117 systematic reviews and review-Level documents were eligible for inclusion. The quality of evidence was mixed; much of the evidence examined relied on findings from cross-sectional studies, making it difficult to draw clear causal links between built environment exposures and health-related impacts and outcomes. Fourteen actionable planning principles associated with positive health-related outcomes were identified across the five topic areas. For example, neighbourhoods that enhanced walkability, were complete and compact in design, and those which enhanced connectivity through safe and efficient infrastructure were associated with better health-related outcomes relating to physical activity, social engagement, mental health, perceptions of crime, and road traffic collisions. Evidence for the effectiveness of planning principles across different topic areas and on reducing health inequalities was sparse and inconclusive. Conclusions Findings provide an up-to-date overview of relationships between the built and natural environment and health and present logical, evidence-based messages to aid communication between public health and planning professionals.

  • Built and natural environment planning principles for promoting health: an umbrella review
    BMC public health, 2018
    Co-Authors: E. L. Bird, J. O. Ige, P. Pilkington, A. Pinto, C. Petrokofsky, J. Burgess-allen
    Abstract:

    The built and natural environment and health are inextricably linked. However, there is considerable debate surrounding the strength and quality of the evidence base underpinning principles of good practice for built and natural environment design in promoting health. This umbrella review aimed to assess relationships between the built and natural environment and health, concentrating on five topic areas: neighbourhood design, housing, food environment, natural and sustainable environment, and transport. A structured search was conducted for quantitative systematic reviews and stakeholder reviews published between January 2005 and April 2016. Seven databases and the websites of 15 relevant and respected stakeholder organisations known to publish review-Level Documentation were searched. Searches were limited to English-language publications and duplicate references were removed. Evidence quality and strength was appraised using validated techniques. Findings were used to develop a diagram for each topic area, illustrating relationships between built and natural environment planning principles and health-related outcomes. A total of 117 systematic reviews and review-Level documents were eligible for inclusion. The quality of evidence was mixed; much of the evidence examined relied on findings from cross-sectional studies, making it difficult to draw clear causal links between built environment exposures and health-related impacts and outcomes. Fourteen actionable planning principles associated with positive health-related outcomes were identified across the five topic areas. For example, neighbourhoods that enhanced walkability, were complete and compact in design, and those which enhanced connectivity through safe and efficient infrastructure were associated with better health-related outcomes relating to physical activity, social engagement, mental health, perceptions of crime, and road traffic collisions. Evidence for the effectiveness of planning principles across different topic areas and on reducing health inequalities was sparse and inconclusive. Findings provide an up-to-date overview of relationships between the built and natural environment and health and present logical, evidence-based messages to aid communication between public health and planning professionals.

Marcello Visconti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • ACM Conference on Computer Science - Software system Documentation process maturity model
    Proceedings of the 1993 ACM conference on Computer science - CSC '93, 1993
    Co-Authors: Marcello Visconti, Curtis R. Cook
    Abstract:

    Low quality or missing Documentation is a major cause of errors in software development and maintenance. We address this problem by proposing a 4-Level Documentation Process Maturity model based on the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) Software Development Maturity model. We believe our model will be a useful tool in assessing an organization's Documentation Level and identifying improvement areas to move the organization to the next Level.

  • Software System Documentation Process Maturity Model: Validation and Assessment Results
    1993
    Co-Authors: Marcello Visconti, Curtis R. Cook
    Abstract:

    Inaccurate, incomplete, out of date, or missing Documentation is a major contributor to poor software quality. We have designed a 4-Level Documentation process maturity model and assessment procedure whose goal is to improve the Documentation process. Our approach was influenced by the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) Software Process and Capability Maturity models. A maturity Level and Documentation process profile is generated from the responses to an assessment instrument that takes only 30 minutes to complete. The profile indicates key practices for that Level, what practices the organization is doing well, what practices need improvement, and challanges to move to the next maturity Level. Two basic problems addressed in this paper are: (1) Validation of the Documentation Process Maturity model; and (2) Show the cost benefit of an organization achieving a higher maturity Level. For the validation of the model Boehm''s CoCoMo model is used to show the organizations at higher process maturity Levels have reduced testing and maintenance effort. We have assessed 14 projects at 5 organizations. The limited defect data shows that during integration testing 41% of the defects found were design and requirements defects for a project at Level 2. The CoCoMo model is also used to show a significant benefit/cost ratio in achieving a higher maturity Level. Keywords: software Documentation process, assessment, validation, process improvement cost benefit.