The Experts below are selected from a list of 39 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
David A. Mcallister - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Representation of people with comorbidity and multimorbidity in clinical trials of novel drug therapies: an individual-Level Participant data analysis.
BMC medicine, 2019Co-Authors: Peter Hanlon, Laurie J. Hannigan, Jesus Rodriguez-perez, Colin Fischbacher, Nicky J Welton, Sofia Dias, Frances S. Mair, Bruce Guthrie, Sarah H. Wild, David A. McallisterAbstract:Clinicians are less likely to prescribe guideline-recommended treatments to people with multimorbidity than to people with a single condition. Doubts as to the applicability of clinical trials of drug treatments (the gold standard for evidence-based medicine) when people have co-existing diseases (comorbidity) may underlie this apparent reluctance. Therefore, for a range of index conditions, we measured the comorbidity among Participants in clinical trials of novel drug therapies and compared this to the comorbidity among patients in the community. Data from industry-sponsored phase 3/4 multicentre trials of novel drug therapies for chronic medical conditions were identified from two repositories: Clinical Study Data Request and the Yale University Open Data Access project. We identified 116 trials (n = 122,969 Participants) for 22 index conditions. Community patients were identified from a nationally representative sample of 2.3 million patients in Wales, UK. Twenty-one comorbidities were identified from medication use based on pre-specified definitions. We assessed the prevalence of each comorbidity and the total number of comorbidities (Level of multimorbidity), for each trial and in community patients. In the trials, the commonest comorbidities in order of declining prevalence were chronic pain, cardiovascular disease, arthritis, affective disorders, acid-related disorders, asthma/COPD and diabetes. These conditions were also common in community-based patients. Mean comorbidity count for trial Participants was approximately half that seen in community-based patients. Nonetheless, a substantial proportion of trial Participants had a high degree of multimorbidity. For example, in asthma and psoriasis trials, 10–15% of Participants had ≥ 3 conditions overall, while in osteoporosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease trials 40–60% of Participants had ≥ 3 conditions overall. Comorbidity and multimorbidity are less common in trials than in community populations with the same index condition. Comorbidity and multimorbidity are, nevertheless, common in trials. This suggests that standard, industry-funded clinical trials are an underused resource for investigating treatment effects in people with comorbidity and multimorbidity.
Wilson Naik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Multi-stage multi-secret sharing scheme for hierarchical access structure
2017 International Conference on Computing Communication and Automation (ICCCA), 2017Co-Authors: Abdul Basit, N. Chaitanya Kumar, V. Ch. Venkaiah, Salman Abdul Moiz, Appala Naidu Tentu, Wilson NaikAbstract:Hierarchical threshold secret sharing (HTSS) schemes can be thought as a generalization of classical threshold secret sharing schemes, and they have been extensively in the literature. In an HTSS, Participants are classified into different security Levels, and the threshold value of a higher Level is smaller than that of a lower Level. Participants in each Level can recover the secrets, if the number of shares is equal to or more than the corresponding threshold value. Share of a higher Level Participant can be used to reconstruct the secret at lower Level. In this paper, we proposed first hierarchical threshold multi-secret sharing scheme based on polynomial interpolation. Proposed scheme is a variation to HTSS schemes based on the CRT suggested by Singh et al. and Harn et al. Novelty of the proposed scheme is that each Participant requires to keep only one secret share and multiple secrets can be shared separately without refreshing the secret share. Also, secrets are recovered in stage by stage. Our scheme which is unconditionally secure, is based on Lagrange interpolation polynomial and one-way function.
Peter Hanlon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Representation of people with comorbidity and multimorbidity in clinical trials of novel drug therapies: an individual-Level Participant data analysis.
BMC medicine, 2019Co-Authors: Peter Hanlon, Laurie J. Hannigan, Jesus Rodriguez-perez, Colin Fischbacher, Nicky J Welton, Sofia Dias, Frances S. Mair, Bruce Guthrie, Sarah H. Wild, David A. McallisterAbstract:Clinicians are less likely to prescribe guideline-recommended treatments to people with multimorbidity than to people with a single condition. Doubts as to the applicability of clinical trials of drug treatments (the gold standard for evidence-based medicine) when people have co-existing diseases (comorbidity) may underlie this apparent reluctance. Therefore, for a range of index conditions, we measured the comorbidity among Participants in clinical trials of novel drug therapies and compared this to the comorbidity among patients in the community. Data from industry-sponsored phase 3/4 multicentre trials of novel drug therapies for chronic medical conditions were identified from two repositories: Clinical Study Data Request and the Yale University Open Data Access project. We identified 116 trials (n = 122,969 Participants) for 22 index conditions. Community patients were identified from a nationally representative sample of 2.3 million patients in Wales, UK. Twenty-one comorbidities were identified from medication use based on pre-specified definitions. We assessed the prevalence of each comorbidity and the total number of comorbidities (Level of multimorbidity), for each trial and in community patients. In the trials, the commonest comorbidities in order of declining prevalence were chronic pain, cardiovascular disease, arthritis, affective disorders, acid-related disorders, asthma/COPD and diabetes. These conditions were also common in community-based patients. Mean comorbidity count for trial Participants was approximately half that seen in community-based patients. Nonetheless, a substantial proportion of trial Participants had a high degree of multimorbidity. For example, in asthma and psoriasis trials, 10–15% of Participants had ≥ 3 conditions overall, while in osteoporosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease trials 40–60% of Participants had ≥ 3 conditions overall. Comorbidity and multimorbidity are less common in trials than in community populations with the same index condition. Comorbidity and multimorbidity are, nevertheless, common in trials. This suggests that standard, industry-funded clinical trials are an underused resource for investigating treatment effects in people with comorbidity and multimorbidity.
Jamuna Kanta Sing - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cryptosystem for Secret Sharing Scheme with Hierarchical Groups
International Journal of Network Security, 2013Co-Authors: Atanu Basu, Indranil Sengupta, Jamuna Kanta SingAbstract:In our proposed scheme, the Participants are arranged in a hierarchical structure according to their position or rank and each flrst Level Participant as a parent node delegates his power to the lower Level hierarchical group members. The group members help to reconstruct the secret shares of their parent nodes in their absence and the secret key is reconstructed even if at least one parent node is present. The secret shares are transmitted between the Participants and the trusted dealer through our Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) based signcryption scheme. The formal security analysis shows that our proposed scheme is protected from the adversaries.
Maria Bryant - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Development of a MultiLevel Intervention to Optimise Participant Engagement with an Obesity Prevention Programme Delivered in UK children’s Centres
Prevention Science, 2021Co-Authors: Wendy Burton, Pinki Sahota, Maureen Twiddy, Julia Brown, Maria BryantAbstract:Poor Participant engagement threatens the potential impact and cost-effectiveness of public health programmes preventing meaningful evaluation and wider application. Although barriers and levers to engagement with public health programmes are well documented, there is a lack of proven strategies in the literature addressing these. This paper details the development of a Participant engagement intervention aimed at promoting enrolment and attendance to a community-based pre-school obesity prevention programme delivered in UK children’s centres; HENRY (Health, Exercise, Nutrition for the Really Young). The Behaviour Change Wheel framework was used to guide the development of the intervention. The findings of a coinciding focused ethnography study identified barriers and levers to engagement with HENRY that informed which behaviours should be targeted within the intervention to promote engagement. A COM-B behavioural analysis was undertaken to identify whether capability, opportunity or motivation would need to be influenced for the target behaviours to occur. APEASE criteria were used to agree on appropriate intervention functions and behaviour change techniques. A multi-Level Participant engagement intervention was developed to promote adoption of target behaviours that were proposed to promote engagement with HENRY, e.g. ensuring the programme is accurately portrayed when approaching individuals to attend and providing ‘taster’ sessions prior to each programme. At the local authority Level, the intervention aimed to increase buy-in with HENRY to increase the Level of resource dedicated to engagement efforts. At the centre Level, managers were encouraged to widen promotion of the programme and ensure that staff promoted the programme accurately. HENRY facilitators received training to increase engagement during sessions, and parents that had attended HENRY were encouraged to recruit their peers. This paper describes one of the first attempts to develop a theory-based multi-Level Participant engagement intervention specifically designed to promote recruitment and retention to a community-based obesity prevention programme. Given the challenges to implementing public health programmes with sufficient reach, the process used to develop the intervention serves as an example of how programmes that are already widely commissioned could be optimised to enable greater impact.