The Experts below are selected from a list of 1131 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
D. L. Raunig - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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AN/APS-137 Forward Looking Airborne Radar (FLAR) Evaluation
1994Co-Authors: R Q Robe, D. L. Raunig, R. L. MarseeAbstract:Abstract : During April 1992, September and October 1992, and May 1993, the U.S. Coast Guard R&D Center conducted experiments to determine the sweep width for the AN/APS-137 Forward Looking Airborne Radar (FLAR) when searching for 4-, 6- and 10-person Life Rafts and small recreational boats. Workboats used to deploy the Life Rafts during the Fall 1992 and Spring 1993 experiments were used as targets of opportunity. The experiments were conducted in the coastal waters off the west coast of Florida from Wacussa Bay to Gasparilla Island and on Lake Erie. Realistic radar searches to collect data used unalerted sensor operators and standard search patterns for small waterborne targets. Aircraft and target positions were recorded using a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS). Target detections were recorded by observers and by computers onboard the aircraft. Environmental conditions were recorded by observers on the workboats. In addition, MINIMETM environmental buoys recorded the sea and wind conditions in the search areas. Environmental conditions represented in the data set included 0.3- to 3.6-foot significant sea heights and 1.0- to 15.2-knot winds. Analysis of the data confirmed sweep width to be largely determined by range scale, lateral range and wind speed for the Life Rafts. Lateral range, radar range scale, boat size and wind speed determined the sweep width for small boats. Recommended sweep width values and AN/APS-137 FLAR search guidance are presented. Search and rescue, Forward looking airborne radar, Radar, Inverse synthetic aperture radar, Sweep width, Search, Life raft, Small boat.
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AN/APS-137 Forward Looking Airborne Radar (FLAR) evaluation Spring 1992 experiment
1993Co-Authors: R Q Robe, K O'brien, D. L. RaunigAbstract:Abstract : During April 1992 and September/October 1992, the U.S. Coast Guard R&D Center conducted experiments to determine the sweep width for the AN/APS-137 Forward Looking Airborne Radar (FLAR) when searching for 4-, 6- and 10-person Life Rafts and small recreational boats. Workboats used to deploy the Life Rafts during the Fall 1992 experiment were used as targets of opportunity. The experiments were conducted in the coastal waters off the west coast of Florida from Wacussa Bay to Gasparilla Island and on Lake Erie. Realistic radar searches to collect data used unalerted sensor operators and standard search patterns for small waterborne targets. Aircraft and target positions were recorded using a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS). Target detections were recorded by observers and by computers onboard the aircraft. Environmental conditions were recorded by observers on the workboats. In addition, MINIMET(TM) environmental buoys recorded the sea and wind conditions in the search areas. Environmental conditions represented in the data set included 1.0- to 3.6-foot significant sea heights and 2.9- to 15.2-knot winds. Search and rescue, Forward looking airborne radar, Radar, Inverse synthetic aperture radar, Sweep width, Search, Life raft, Small boat.
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AN/APS-137 FORWARD LOOKING AIRBORNE RADAR (FLAR) EVALUATION SPRING 1992 EXPERIMENT; INTERIM REPT. MAY 91-JAN 93
1993Co-Authors: R Q Robe, K O'brien, D. L. RaunigAbstract:During April 1992, the U.S. Coast Guard RD Center conducted an experiment to determine the sweep width for the AN/APS-137 Forward Looking Airborne Radar (FLAR) when searching for 4-, 6-, and 10- person Life Rafts. A total of 507 target detection opportunities were generated for Life-raft targets. The experiment was conducted in the coastal waters off the west coast of Florida from Wacussa Bay to Gasparilla Island. Radar searches to collect data used unalerted sensor operators and standard search patterns. Aircraft and target positions were recorded using a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS). Target detections were recorded by observers on board the aircraft, and environmental conditions were recorded by observers on the workboats. In addition, two MINIMET (TM) environmental buoys recorded the sea and wind conditions in the search area. Environmental conditions represented in the data set included 1.6 to 3.6 foot significant wave heights and 2.9 to 13.0 knot winds.... Search and Rescue, Forward Looking Airborne, Radar, Radar, Inverse synthetic aperture radar, Sweep width, Search, Life raft, Small boat.
Bhardwaj R. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Decentralized water purification using solar thermal energy
2016Co-Authors: Bhardwaj R.Abstract:Provision of clean drinking water to poor can prevent a large number of deaths and illnesses amongst children around the world. In 2010, about 0.75 million child deaths were caused due to diarrhea, and a further 22.5 million years of Life were lost due to ill-health, disability or early death caused by unimproved water and inadequate sanitation around the world. Most of these people live in regions with limited or no electricity, and abundance of sunshine and salt water or unclean water. Solar thermal distillation using solar stills is the most potent way of cleaning the salt water in the absence of electricity. Several products, such as the inflatable stills for Life Rafts, water-cone and water pyramid have been demonstrated for the purification of salt water. None of these is specifically targeting a single family. We found that simple ways of natural cooling improve the production considerably. Moreover, dripping from cleaned water from the condensing area reduced the production. A simple rule could be formulated that provides an estimate of the maximum length before dripping starts. With this a more clever design of the collection of clean water allows stills of larger scale that still produce efficiently. The work of this thesis we aim at a plastic based solar stills capable of providing at least 2.5 liters/day of drinking water, an amount put forward by the UNICEF. The results are being used by Dr Ten B.V. for the development of a simple and replicable mass manufacturing process for plastic based stills. Future projects for the use of solar stills are under consideration with several governments and organizations like UNHC
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Decentralized water purification using solar thermal energy
2016Co-Authors: Bhardwaj R.Abstract:Provision of clean drinking water to poor can prevent a large number of deaths and illnesses amongst children around the world. In 2010, about 0.75 million child deaths were caused due to diarrhea, and a further 22.5 million years of Life were lost due to ill-health, disability or early death caused by unimproved water and inadequate sanitation around the world. Most of these people live in regions with limited or no electricity, and abundance of sunshine and salt water or unclean water. Solar thermal distillation using solar stills is the most potent way of cleaning the salt water in the absence of electricity. Several products, such as the inflatable stills for Life Rafts, water-cone and water pyramid have been demonstrated for the purification of salt water. None of these is specifically targeting a single family. We found that simple ways of natural cooling improve the production considerably. Moreover, dripping from cleaned water from the condensing area reduced the production. A simple rule could be formulated that provides an estimate of the maximum length before dripping starts. With this a more clever design of the collection of clean water allows stills of larger scale that still produce efficiently. The work of this thesis we aim at a plastic based solar stills capable of providing at least 2.5 liters/day of drinking water, an amount put forward by the UNICEF. The results are being used by Dr Ten B.V. for the development of a simple and replicable mass manufacturing process for plastic based stills. Future projects for the use of solar stills are under consideration with several governments and organizations like UNHCRChemical EngineeringApplied Science
D. C. Donderi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Visual Acuity, Color Vision, and Visual Search Performance at Sea
Human factors, 1994Co-Authors: D. C. DonderiAbstract:Visual acuity and color vision were tested during a search and rescue exercise at sea. Fifty-seven watchkeepers searched for orange and yellow Life Rafts during daylight and for lighted and unlighted Life Rafts at night with night vision goggles. There were 588 individual watches of one hour each. Measures of wind, waves, and weather were used as covariates. Daytime percentage detection was positively correlated with low-contrast visual acuity and negatively correlated with error scores on Dvorine pseudoisochromatic plates and the Farnsworth color test. Performance was better during the first half-hour of the watch. Efficiency calculations show that color vision selective screening at one standard deviation above the mean would increase daylight search performance by 10% and that one standard deviation visual acuity selection screening would increase performance by 12%. There was no relationship between either acuity or color vision and Life raft detection using night vision goggles.
R Q Robe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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AN/APS-137 Forward Looking Airborne Radar (FLAR) Evaluation
1994Co-Authors: R Q Robe, D. L. Raunig, R. L. MarseeAbstract:Abstract : During April 1992, September and October 1992, and May 1993, the U.S. Coast Guard R&D Center conducted experiments to determine the sweep width for the AN/APS-137 Forward Looking Airborne Radar (FLAR) when searching for 4-, 6- and 10-person Life Rafts and small recreational boats. Workboats used to deploy the Life Rafts during the Fall 1992 and Spring 1993 experiments were used as targets of opportunity. The experiments were conducted in the coastal waters off the west coast of Florida from Wacussa Bay to Gasparilla Island and on Lake Erie. Realistic radar searches to collect data used unalerted sensor operators and standard search patterns for small waterborne targets. Aircraft and target positions were recorded using a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS). Target detections were recorded by observers and by computers onboard the aircraft. Environmental conditions were recorded by observers on the workboats. In addition, MINIMETM environmental buoys recorded the sea and wind conditions in the search areas. Environmental conditions represented in the data set included 0.3- to 3.6-foot significant sea heights and 1.0- to 15.2-knot winds. Analysis of the data confirmed sweep width to be largely determined by range scale, lateral range and wind speed for the Life Rafts. Lateral range, radar range scale, boat size and wind speed determined the sweep width for small boats. Recommended sweep width values and AN/APS-137 FLAR search guidance are presented. Search and rescue, Forward looking airborne radar, Radar, Inverse synthetic aperture radar, Sweep width, Search, Life raft, Small boat.
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AN/APS-137 Forward Looking Airborne Radar (FLAR) evaluation Spring 1992 experiment
1993Co-Authors: R Q Robe, K O'brien, D. L. RaunigAbstract:Abstract : During April 1992 and September/October 1992, the U.S. Coast Guard R&D Center conducted experiments to determine the sweep width for the AN/APS-137 Forward Looking Airborne Radar (FLAR) when searching for 4-, 6- and 10-person Life Rafts and small recreational boats. Workboats used to deploy the Life Rafts during the Fall 1992 experiment were used as targets of opportunity. The experiments were conducted in the coastal waters off the west coast of Florida from Wacussa Bay to Gasparilla Island and on Lake Erie. Realistic radar searches to collect data used unalerted sensor operators and standard search patterns for small waterborne targets. Aircraft and target positions were recorded using a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS). Target detections were recorded by observers and by computers onboard the aircraft. Environmental conditions were recorded by observers on the workboats. In addition, MINIMET(TM) environmental buoys recorded the sea and wind conditions in the search areas. Environmental conditions represented in the data set included 1.0- to 3.6-foot significant sea heights and 2.9- to 15.2-knot winds. Search and rescue, Forward looking airborne radar, Radar, Inverse synthetic aperture radar, Sweep width, Search, Life raft, Small boat.
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AN/APS-137 FORWARD LOOKING AIRBORNE RADAR (FLAR) EVALUATION SPRING 1992 EXPERIMENT; INTERIM REPT. MAY 91-JAN 93
1993Co-Authors: R Q Robe, K O'brien, D. L. RaunigAbstract:During April 1992, the U.S. Coast Guard RD Center conducted an experiment to determine the sweep width for the AN/APS-137 Forward Looking Airborne Radar (FLAR) when searching for 4-, 6-, and 10- person Life Rafts. A total of 507 target detection opportunities were generated for Life-raft targets. The experiment was conducted in the coastal waters off the west coast of Florida from Wacussa Bay to Gasparilla Island. Radar searches to collect data used unalerted sensor operators and standard search patterns. Aircraft and target positions were recorded using a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS). Target detections were recorded by observers on board the aircraft, and environmental conditions were recorded by observers on the workboats. In addition, two MINIMET (TM) environmental buoys recorded the sea and wind conditions in the search area. Environmental conditions represented in the data set included 1.6 to 3.6 foot significant wave heights and 2.9 to 13.0 knot winds.... Search and Rescue, Forward Looking Airborne, Radar, Radar, Inverse synthetic aperture radar, Sweep width, Search, Life raft, Small boat.
Andrew Kuczora - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an overview of recent projects to study thermal protection in LifeRafts Lifeboats and immersion suits
Proceedings of the International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering Under Arctic Conditions, 2011Co-Authors: Michel B Ducharme, Brian Farnworth, Eugene H. Wissler, Robert Brown, Andrew KuczoraAbstract:In a marine evacuation, passengers may find themselves in Lifeboats, Life Rafts or in the water. Survival is more challenging in cold regions and a person’s ability to survive until rescue depends on many factors, including the amount of protection the evacuees have against the cold, as well as the quality of breathing air in and Lifeboats that are enclosed. Currently, international regulations do not provide specific thermal protection and ventilation performance criteria for Lifeboats or. In addition, methods for approval testing of immersion suits have not been standardised and there is resistance in certain jurisdictions to the use of thermal manikins because regulating authorities are unsure of the correspondence between manikins and human. This paper provides an overview of several projects that have been completed and one ongoing by the Maritime and Arctic Survival Scientific and Engineering Research Team (MASSERT) to address the knowledge gaps in these areas. The results contribute relevant knowledge to close these gaps and are being used to advance international standards. They also show the value of using thermal manikins in combination with numerical models to predict the performance of Lifesaving appliances when it is impractical or ethically unacceptable to conduct experiments with humans. The tools developed are being applied to create performance criteria and evaluate the performance of Arctic survival gear.
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Assessment of Thermal Protection of Life Rafts in Passenger Vessel Abandonment Situations
Volume 2: Structures Safety and Reliability, 2008Co-Authors: Lawrence Mak, Andrew Kuczora, Brian Farnworth, Michel B Ducharme, Robert Brown, Kerri-ann Evely, James Boone, Fabien A. Basset, Scott MackinnonAbstract:Inflatable Life Rafts are currently used on almost all passenger, fishing and commercial vessels, and offshore oil installations. Worldwide, Life Rafts are the primary evacuation system from fishing vessels with relatively small crews to large Roll on/Roll off passenger vessels with over a thousand passengers and crew. While International Maritime Organization (IMO) standards currently require inflatable Life raft components to “provide insulation” or “be sufficiently insulated”, there are no performance criteria for these requirements (IMO, 1996). In a passenger ship abandonment situation in cold water, passengers may be wearing very little personal protective clothing. Therefore, Life Rafts provide the only significant thermal protection against the cold ocean environment while they await rescue. Manufacturers equip Life Rafts with an insulated floor to reduce heat loss from direct contact with the cold ocean water. The insulation provided is critically important for Life raft occupants who have little protective clothing. The heat loss of unprotected persons is drastically increased if there is a layer of water on the floor as would likely be the case when someone climbs into the Life raft from the ocean or if water is splashed into the Life raft in heavy weather. Experiments were conducted in mild cold (16oC water temperature and 19oC air temperature) and cold conditions (5oC water temperature and 5oC air temperature) to assess the thermal protection of a 16-person, Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) approved, commercially available Life raft. This paper presents results in the mild cold condition only. It has been found that the wave height effect may be ignored as a first approximation to reduce the number of environmental variables because the results demonstrated that wave height effect is less important with leeway. Heat conductance decreases considerably with floor inflation. Heat conductance is about the same with floor inflated 50% and 100%. The CO2 concentration in the 11-person test exceeded 5000 ppm in less than an hour inside the Life raft, with closed canopy and no active ventilation. This hostile microclimate inside the Life raft suggests that active ventilation at a known rate is required to keep the CO2 level at a safe controlled level when longer duration tests are to be conducted in the future. Wet clothing has a significant effect on occupant heat loss.
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An Empirical Method for the Estimation of Towing Resistance of a Life Raft in Various Sea States
Volume 2: Structures Safety and Reliability; Petroleum Technology Symposium, 2007Co-Authors: Lawrence Mak, Andrew KuczoraAbstract:Current IMO regulations require Life Rafts to be tow tested only in calm water. In real evacuation situations, Life Rafts are deployed in the prevailing environmental conditions, with wind and waves. Added wave resistance is small at low wave heights but increases nonlinearly with increased wave height. If Life Rafts are to be towed in moderate seas (up to 4 m significant wave height), tow force estimates based only on calm water tow resistance become less reliable. Tow patches, towline, towing craft etc. also need to be designed to withstand dynamic wave loading in addition to mean load. Therefore, mean tow force, tow force variation and maximum tow force are important. A full-scale 16-person, commercially available, SOLAS approved Life raft was towed in the tank, in upwind, head seas with significant wave height of 0.5 m. The measured tow force showed that it could be treated as a linear system with wave amplitude, by demonstrating that tow force is mainly inertial and follows a Rayleigh distribution. Therefore, extreme-value statistics used for waves can be applied to developing equations for predicting tow force. A method is proposed to predict Life raft tow force at different tow speeds and in various sea states, with waves and wind. The method involved using tank experiments to obtain tow force response for one sea state. The information can then be used to predict Life raft tow force in wind and waves for different sea states. Three equations are proposed to demonstrate that a simple tank experiment could provide valuable information necessary to empirically estimate the mean tow force, tow force variation and maximum tow force for a specific Life raft in different sea states. The equations are developed for upwind, head seas. These equations were extensively validated using tow force measured in the tank. They were partially validated with limited sea trial data, by towing the same 16-person Life raft and a 42-person Life raft in upwind, head seas with significant wave height of 1.3 m. The equations were able to predict maximum tow forces to within 15% of the measured.Copyright © 2007 by ASME