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P Vijayagopal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Influence of graded level of dietary protein with equated level of Limiting Amino Acids on growth, feed utilization, body indices and nutritive profile of snubnose pompano, Trachinotus blochii (Lacepede, 1801) reared in low saline water
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2020Co-Authors: D Linga Prabu, Sanal Ebeneezar, S. Chandrasekar, C.s. Tejpal, M Kavitha, P Sayooj, P VijayagopalAbstract:Abstract An experiment was conducted to delineate the effect of varying level of dietary protein with balanced level of Limiting Amino Acids such as lysine and methionine on growth, feed utilization, body indices and digestive enzymology of snubnose pompano, Trachinotus blochii reared in low saline water. There were four experimental diets formulated with 350 (CP350), 400 (CP400), 450 (CP450) and 500 g/kg (CP500) crude protein and each with 100 g/kg crude fat and were assigned to four treatments, CP350, CP400, CP450 and CP500 respectively. Totally eighty four fingerlings with the body weight in the range of 16−18 g were randomly distributed in four treatment groups with each of three replicates. Fish were fed to apparent satiation twice daily with the assigned experimental diet. At the end of 13 weeks of feeding trial, weight gain percentage (WG%) and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish fed with CP400 and CP450 diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed with CP350 and CP500 diets. Growth rate on metabolic body weight (GRMBW), daily growth coefficient (DGC) and average daily growth (ADG) were higher in CP400 group and lower in CP350 group. The viscerosomatic index (VSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), gastrosomatic index (GSI) and intra-peritoneal fat ratio (IPFR) showed an increasing trend as the crude protein content of the experimental diet increases and the maximum value was witnessed in CP500 treatment. Crude lipid and protein content of whole body tissue was found highest in CP400 and lowest level was noticed in CP350 group. The maximum intestinal protease activity was noticed in CP400 group. In conclusion, analysis of second degree polynomial regression revealed that the optimum dietary protein level could be in the range of 395.3–426.7 g/kg for maximum growth of juvenile snubnose pompano.
D Linga Prabu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Influence of graded level of dietary protein with equated level of Limiting Amino Acids on growth, feed utilization, body indices and nutritive profile of snubnose pompano, Trachinotus blochii (Lacepede, 1801) reared in low saline water
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2020Co-Authors: D Linga Prabu, Sanal Ebeneezar, S. Chandrasekar, C.s. Tejpal, M Kavitha, P Sayooj, P VijayagopalAbstract:Abstract An experiment was conducted to delineate the effect of varying level of dietary protein with balanced level of Limiting Amino Acids such as lysine and methionine on growth, feed utilization, body indices and digestive enzymology of snubnose pompano, Trachinotus blochii reared in low saline water. There were four experimental diets formulated with 350 (CP350), 400 (CP400), 450 (CP450) and 500 g/kg (CP500) crude protein and each with 100 g/kg crude fat and were assigned to four treatments, CP350, CP400, CP450 and CP500 respectively. Totally eighty four fingerlings with the body weight in the range of 16−18 g were randomly distributed in four treatment groups with each of three replicates. Fish were fed to apparent satiation twice daily with the assigned experimental diet. At the end of 13 weeks of feeding trial, weight gain percentage (WG%) and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish fed with CP400 and CP450 diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed with CP350 and CP500 diets. Growth rate on metabolic body weight (GRMBW), daily growth coefficient (DGC) and average daily growth (ADG) were higher in CP400 group and lower in CP350 group. The viscerosomatic index (VSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), gastrosomatic index (GSI) and intra-peritoneal fat ratio (IPFR) showed an increasing trend as the crude protein content of the experimental diet increases and the maximum value was witnessed in CP500 treatment. Crude lipid and protein content of whole body tissue was found highest in CP400 and lowest level was noticed in CP350 group. The maximum intestinal protease activity was noticed in CP400 group. In conclusion, analysis of second degree polynomial regression revealed that the optimum dietary protein level could be in the range of 395.3–426.7 g/kg for maximum growth of juvenile snubnose pompano.
G. O. Tayo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Limiting Amino Acids for growing goats fed a corn grain, soybean meal and maize stover based diet
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2007Co-Authors: J.g. Shan, Zhiliang Tan, Z.h. Sun, Shaoxun Tang, H.l. Jiang, Chuanshe Zhou, Min Wang, G. O. TayoAbstract:Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine Limiting Amino Acids (AA) for growing goats fed a corn grain, soybean meal and maize stover based diet. In experiment 1, three 4-month-old Liuyang Black growing wether goats (10.0 ± 0.1 kg), fitted with ruminal, proximal duodenal and terminal ileal cannulae, were used to determine flows of AA into the duodenum and apparent intestinal AA digestibilities. These data were used to calculate amounts of essential Amino Acids (EAA) that should be infused into the duodenum to match the ideal AA pattern of muscle protein according to calculations, which suggested that 0.91, 0.77, 0.58, 0.52 and 0.44 g/d of lysine, methionine, leucine, arginine and threonine were required, respectively, to be supplemented to the duodenum. In experiment 2, four 4-month-old Liuyang Black growing wether goats (10.0 ± 0.5 kg) fitted with duodenal cannulae were used in a 4×4 Latin square design experiment, and the four treatments were continuous duodenal infusion of a mixture of methionine, lysine and leucine at 0.77, 0.91 and 0.58 g/d, respectively (3EAA, from experiment 1), or replacement of 0.21 of methionine (−0.19 g methionine), lysine (−0.52 g lysine) or leucine (−0.56 g leucine) respectively with isonitrogenous glutamate infusion from the 3EAA mixture. Replacement of methionine, lysine or leucine reduced methionine concentrations in plasma. The magnitude of the change was greatest for methionine, followed by lysine and leucine. A general lack of statistical significance between AA replacement and 3EAA group on almost all measurements, except for plasma methionine concentration, was probably due to the small number of goats used. Nevertheless, for growing goats fed a corn grain/soybean meal/maize stover diet, methionine was likely the first Limiting Amino acid, followed by lysine and leucine.
Evan C. Titgemeyer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Limiting Amino Acids for Holstein steers fed soybean hull-based diets
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, 2000Co-Authors: R.h. Greenwood, Evan C. TitgemeyerAbstract:A study was conducted to determine the Limiting Amino Acids for cattle fed soybean hullbased diets. Ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (335 lb) were maintained in metabolism crates, fed the same basal diet (73% soyhulls, 19% alfalfa), and given the same intraruminal infusions (400 g/day acetate to increase energy supply without increasing microbial protein supply). Steers were infused into the abomasum with a complete mixture of the 10 essential Amino Acids or the mixture with histidine; tryptophan; arginine; phenylalanine; or the three branched-chain Amino Acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) removed. Nitrogen retention was reduced by removal of either histidine or the branched-chain Amino Acids, suggesting that those Amino Acids were Limiting.
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Limiting Amino Acids for growing Holstein steers limit-fed soybean hull-based diets.
Journal of animal science, 2000Co-Authors: R.h. Greenwood, Evan C. TitgemeyerAbstract:Studies were conducted to determine Limiting Amino Acids (AA) for cattle limit-fed soybean hull-based diets. Ruminally cannulated Holstein steers were maintained in metabolism crates, fed the same basal diet (73% soyhulls, 19% alfalfa, DM basis), and given the same intraruminal infusions (400 g/d acetate; to supply energy without increasing microbial protein supply). Treatments were infused abomasally. In Exp. 1, steers (200 kg) were provided 1) water, 2) 10 g/d of methionine (MET), or 3) a mixture of 10 essential AA (10AA). Nitrogen retention (13.7 g/d) was greatest (P < .05) for steers receiving 10AA. Steers receiving MET (7.9 g/d) had greater (P < .05) N retention than control steers (5.4 g/d). In Exp. 2, steers (200 kg) were provided 10AA or 10AA with L-Lys deleted from the mixture. Steers receiving 10AA tended (P < .09) to have greater N retention (19.0 g/d) than those receiving no lysine (16.3 g/d). In Exp. 3, steers (194 kg) were provided 10AA or 10AA with L-Thr deleted from the mixture. Nitrogen retention was not affected by removal of threonine. In Exp. 4, steers (152 kg) were provided 10AA or 10AA with L-His, L-Trp, L-Arg, L-Phe, or branched-chain AA (L-Leu, L-Ile, and L-Val) removed. Nitrogen retention was reduced (P < .05) by removal of either L-His or the branched-chain AA. For steers limit-fed soybean hull-based diets, methionine was first-Limiting; histidine, at least one of the branched-chain AA, and possibly lysine were also Limiting.
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Limiting Amino Acids for growing cattle fed diets based on soybean hulls
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, 1999Co-Authors: H. Greenwood, C.a. Löest, Evan C. TitgemeyerAbstract:Ruminally cannulated Holstein steers were used in three nitrogen balance experiments to determine the sequence of Limiting Amino Acids for growing steers fed soybean hull-based diets. The steers in all experiments were fed the same basal diet (73% soybean hulls, 19% alfalfa, DM basis; formulated to minimize rumen undegradable intake protein and thus maximize microbial protein postruminally) and were given the same intraruminal infusions (400 grams per day acetate; to increase energy supply without increasing microbial protein supply). In experiment 1, treatments consisted of abomasal infusions of: water (control, no Amino Acids); Lmethionine; and a mixture of 10 essential Amino Acids. Nitrogen retention (a measure of protein deposition) was greatest for steers receiving the mixture, and steers receiving methionine alone had greater nitrogen retention than control steers. In experiment 2, treatments consisted of abomasal infusions of the mixture of 10 essential Amino Acids or the same mixture without lysine. Nitrogen retention tended to be greater for the 10 Amino acid mixture than for the mixture without lysine. In experiment 3, threonine, rather than lysine, was removed from the Amino acid mixture. Nitrogen retention was not affected by removal of threonine. We conclude that methionine was the first Limiting Amino acid, threonine was not Limiting, lysine appeared to be a Limiting Amino acid, and one or more untested Amino Acids in the mixture appeared to be second most Limiting. Therefore, our data do not support the generally accepted concept that the sequence of Limiting Amino Acids for steers is methionine, lysine, and threonine when microbial protein is the primary contributor to metabolizable (postruminal) protein. (
Sanal Ebeneezar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Influence of graded level of dietary protein with equated level of Limiting Amino Acids on growth, feed utilization, body indices and nutritive profile of snubnose pompano, Trachinotus blochii (Lacepede, 1801) reared in low saline water
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2020Co-Authors: D Linga Prabu, Sanal Ebeneezar, S. Chandrasekar, C.s. Tejpal, M Kavitha, P Sayooj, P VijayagopalAbstract:Abstract An experiment was conducted to delineate the effect of varying level of dietary protein with balanced level of Limiting Amino Acids such as lysine and methionine on growth, feed utilization, body indices and digestive enzymology of snubnose pompano, Trachinotus blochii reared in low saline water. There were four experimental diets formulated with 350 (CP350), 400 (CP400), 450 (CP450) and 500 g/kg (CP500) crude protein and each with 100 g/kg crude fat and were assigned to four treatments, CP350, CP400, CP450 and CP500 respectively. Totally eighty four fingerlings with the body weight in the range of 16−18 g were randomly distributed in four treatment groups with each of three replicates. Fish were fed to apparent satiation twice daily with the assigned experimental diet. At the end of 13 weeks of feeding trial, weight gain percentage (WG%) and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish fed with CP400 and CP450 diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed with CP350 and CP500 diets. Growth rate on metabolic body weight (GRMBW), daily growth coefficient (DGC) and average daily growth (ADG) were higher in CP400 group and lower in CP350 group. The viscerosomatic index (VSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), gastrosomatic index (GSI) and intra-peritoneal fat ratio (IPFR) showed an increasing trend as the crude protein content of the experimental diet increases and the maximum value was witnessed in CP500 treatment. Crude lipid and protein content of whole body tissue was found highest in CP400 and lowest level was noticed in CP350 group. The maximum intestinal protease activity was noticed in CP400 group. In conclusion, analysis of second degree polynomial regression revealed that the optimum dietary protein level could be in the range of 395.3–426.7 g/kg for maximum growth of juvenile snubnose pompano.