The Experts below are selected from a list of 318 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Milorad P. Dudukovic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Prediction of Pressure Drop and Liquid Holdup in High-Pressure Trickle-Bed Reactors
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 1998Co-Authors: Muthanna H. Al-dahhan, M. R. Khadilkar, Milorad P. DudukovicAbstract:The Holub et al. (1992, 1993) phenomenological model for pressure drop and Liquid Holdup in trickle flow regime at atmospheric pressure was noted by Al-Dahhan and Dudukovic (1994) to systematically underpredict pressure drop at high pressure and high gas flow rates. In this study, the Holub et al. (1992, 1993) model has been extended to account for the interaction between the gas and Liquid phases by incorporating the velocity and the shear slip factors between the phases. As a result, the prediction of pressure drop at the operating conditions of industrial interest (high pressure) has been improved noticeably without any significant loss in predictability of Liquid Holdup. The extended model and the comparison between its prediction and experimental high pressure and high gas flow rate data are presented and discussed.
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Liquid Holdup in rotating packed beds: Examination of the film flow assumption
AIChE Journal, 1995Co-Authors: Andjelko Bašić, Milorad P. DudukovicAbstract:Possibilities of predicting Liquid Holdup in rotating packed beds are examined using the film flow theory. A hydrodynamic model based on film flow on the particle scale accommodates both laminar and turbulent films in the entry and developed regime. Conductance measurement was used for experimental determination of Liquid Holdup and estimation of the degree of anisotropy of Liquid distribution. Experimental results represent the first data for Liquid Holdup in the rotating packed bed as a function of operating conditions and Liquid properties. They indicate an anisotropic Liquid distribution dependent on the operating variables. While the film model can be fitted to the experimental data, such a fit lacks a theoretical basis and the classical theory of film flow on the particle scale cannot explain the Liquid flow in rotating packed beds. An empirical expression correlates well the Holdup data with the operating parameters.
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Pressure drop and Liquid Holdup in high pressure trickle-bed reactors
Chemical Engineering Science, 1994Co-Authors: Muthanna H. Al-dahhan, Milorad P. DudukovicAbstract:The vast majority of commercial trickle-bed reactors, fixed bed of catalyst particles contacted by cocurrent downflow of gas and Liquid, operate at high pressure. In this study Holubet al.'s (1992, 1993) phenomenological model has been extended to describe the effect of high pressure (i.e. increased gas density) on pressure drop and Liquid Holdup in the trickle flow regime. This model, based on annular two-phase flow in a slit, ties pressure drop and Liquid Holdup but was previously verified only at atmospheric pressure. The advantage of this model is that the Ergun constantsE1 andE2, required by the model, are determined from single phase (gas) flow through the packing of interest and no two-phase flow data is needed. Experiments were conducted at high pressure over a range of gas and Liquid velocities and different bed characteristics. The developed phenomenological analysis, describing the effect of high pressure and gas flow rate in terms of five limiting cases, matches well the experimental observations. The high pressure data collected in this study was used as a basis for comparing the prediction for pressure drop and Liquid Holdup of the model and of the available high pressure correlations. Holubet al.'s (1992) model matches experimental observations better than available correlations. It also predicts all trends in pressure drop and Holdup correctly for all changes in operating variables such as pressure, Liquid and gas superficial mass velocity and with physical properties of the gas and Liquid.
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Pressure drop, Liquid Holdup, and flow regime transition in trickle flow
AIChE Journal, 1993Co-Authors: R. A. Holub, Milorad P. Dudukovic, Palghat A. RamachandranAbstract:A phenomenological, pore-scale, hydrodynamic model is developed for representation of the uniform, cocurrent, two-phase flow in the low interaction regime in trickle bed reactors. Comparison of model predictions with numerous pressure drop and Liquid Holdup data reveals that phase interaction terms are negligible which results in a simplified model with no adjustable parameters. This model yields improved pressure drop and Liquid Holdup estimates for the low interaction regime. In addition, a criterion for the prediction of the trickle to pulsing flow regime transition is developed based on Kapitza's (1945) work on laminar film stability. This criterion compares favorably to data and to some other existing models for prediction of the trickle to pulsing flow regime transition.
Eduardo Pereyra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Modeling Liquid Holdup in Pseudo-Slugs
Day 2 Tue January 14 2020, 2020Co-Authors: Yilin Fan, Eissa Al-safran, Eduardo Pereyra, Cem SaricaAbstract:Pseudo-slug flow is a sub-regime of intermittent flow that is characterized by short, undeveloped, frothy chaotic slugs, with translational velocity less than the mixture velocity of the fluids. Pseudo-slug flow does not comply with the basic characteristics of conventional unit-cell slug flow where Liquid blocks the entire pipe cross-sectional area, and Liquid is scooped at slug front, transferred to slug body, and shed back to Liquid film. The Liquid in pseudo-slug body is insufficient to reach the upper part of the pipe wall, resulting in only large wave with entrained gas bubbles at the bottom part of the pseudo slug body. Consequently, a significant reduction in the gas phase flowing area above the wave is formed, which increases the local gas velocity, entraining large volume of Liquid droplets in the upper part of the slug body. Therefore, the pseudo-slug body can be divided into two regions, Liquid film (wave) with entrained gas bubbles at the bottom, and gas core with entrained Liquid droplets. The objective of this study is to develop a plausible physical model of the experimentally observed pseudo-slug Liquid Holdup phenomenon and model the physical and hydrodynamic behavior using a dimensional regression modeling approach. This paper discusses Liquid and gas entrainment mechanisms within pseudo-slug body based on experimental observation. Previous experimental results show that the proposed dimensionless groups; namely, Stokes, Slippage, and Poiseuille are strongly correlated to pseudo-slug body Liquid Holdup experimental data and are capable of describing the experimentally observed physical behavior. A linearized regression model is developed to combine the Liquid Holdup proportionally in both regions of the pseudo-slug body (mentioned above) and correlate them to the experimentally measured total pseudo-slug Liquid Holdup using wire mesh sensor. A validation study of the proposed model with Fan (2017) experimental data shows good agreement, outperforming all other existing slug Liquid Holdup correlations.
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Modeling pseudo-slugs Liquid Holdup in slightly upward inclined pipes
Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2020Co-Authors: Yilin Fan, Eissa Al-safran, Eduardo Pereyra, Cem SaricaAbstract:Abstract Pseudo-slug flow is a sub-regime of intermittent flow that is characterized by short, undeveloped, frothy chaotic slugs, with a translational velocity less than the mixture velocity of the fluids. The Liquid in the pseudo-slug body is insufficient to reach the upper pipe wall, resulting in large waves with entrained gas bubbles at the bottom part of the pseudo-slug body. This flow phenomenon in the pseudo-slug body is different from the well-known physical model of the conventional unit-cell slug flow. Although pseudo-slug flow occupies a significant area under the intermittent flow region of flow pattern map, theoretical modeling of its characteristics is still limited and scarce in the literature. The objective of this study is to develop a plausible physical model of Liquid Holdup in pseudo-slugs based on the observed physical and hydrodynamic behavior, based on which a dimensional predictive regression model is developed. This paper discusses Liquid and gas entrainment mechanisms within the pseudo-slug body based on experimental observation. It shows that the pseudo-slug body can be divided into two regions, Liquid film (wave) with entrained gas bubbles at the bottom, and gas core with entrained Liquid droplets at the top. Experimental results show that the proposed dimensionless groups, namely, Stokes, Slippage, and Poiseuille numbers, are strongly correlated to pseudo-slug body Liquid Holdup experimental data and are capable of describing the experimentally observed physical behavior. A linearized regression model is developed to combine the Liquid Holdup proportionally in both regions of the pseudo-slug body and correlate them to the experimentally measured total pseudo-slug Liquid Holdup using a wire-mesh sensor. A validation study of the proposed model with experimental data shows good agreement, outperforming all other existing slug Liquid Holdup correlations.
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A Mechanistic Slug Liquid Holdup Model for Wide Ranges of Liquid Viscosity and Pipe Inclination Angle
All Days, 2013Co-Authors: S.. Wang, Cem Sarica, Eduardo Pereyra, Hong-quan ZhangAbstract:Abstract Slug Liquid Holdup is one of the most important parameters of slug flow. It is closely related to the average Liquid Holdup and pressure gradient of slug flow in wells and pipelines. Barnea and Brauner (1985) and Zhang et al. (2003a) mechanistic models are based on the turbulent nature of Liquid slugs, which is typical for low viscosity oils. However, for high viscosity oil slug flow, the Liquid slug is laminar due to low slug Reynolds number. In this study, a slug Liquid Holdup mechanistic model is developed for low and high viscosity oil slug flows. The model is based on two shear mixings including shear between the slug front and pipe wall, and shear between the slug body and Liquid film. The equations are solved based on slug flow characteristics which can be calculated by solving the continuity and momentum equations of slug flow. A data bank consisting of 418 slug Liquid Holdup measurements is used to validate the model. In the data bank, Liquid viscosity ranges from 0.0016 to 0.589 Pa·s (1.6 to 589 cP). Pipe inclination angle is from −30? to upward vertical. Pipe inner diameter (ID) varies from 5.08 to 10 cm. Statistical evaluations are also conducted against predictions of other models. Significant improvement is observed in the performance of the new model. Introduction Heavy oil constitutes a major portion of the world's total oil reserve. It is discovered and produced around the world and has become one of the most important future hydrocarbon resources with ever increasing world energy demand and depletion of conventional oils. However, heavy oil possesses very high viscosity which poses many challenges for its production and transportation. Accurate pressure gradient and Liquid Holdup predictions of high-viscosity oil multiphase pipe flows are imperative for heavy oil production and transportation. Most of the current multiphase flow experimental studies, correlation and model developments were conducted using low-viscosity conventional oils or other Liquids. However, high-viscosity oil multiphase flow behaves very differently than low-viscosity oil multiphase flow. Significant discrepancies were observed in model comparisons. Slug flow is a dominant flow pattern in high-viscosity oil/gas pipe flow. In two-phase slug flow, Liquid slugs and gas pockets propagate alternatively in the pipe. Liquid slugs without gas entrainment are rare under normal pipeline operating conditions. Instead, gas bubbles are often entrained in the Liquid slugs. The Liquid volume fraction in the slug body is known as the slug Liquid Holdup. The slugs can carry different amount of entrained gas, which primarily depends on flow rates, fluid properties, and pipe diameter. A slug unit consists of the slug body and a Liquid film zone. The fast moving aerated slug body over rides the slow moving Liquid film ahead of it. The slug scoops the Liquid film and accelerates it to the velocity of the slug (mixture velocity). Liquid is shed from the tail of the slug to a trailing film. Slug Liquid Holdup is an important parameter for slug flow modeling. Most of the pressure drop in slug flow occurs in the slug body. The frictional pressure drop is greater in the slug body than in the film region. The Liquid film acceleration also causes significant pressure drop in the mixing zone at the slug front. Thus the overall pressure gradient depends greatly on the slug Liquid Holdup and slug length.
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state of the art of experimental studies and predictive methods for slug Liquid Holdup
Journal of Energy Resources Technology-transactions of The Asme, 2012Co-Authors: Eduardo Pereyra, R Arismendi, L Gomez, Ram S Mohan, Ovadia Shoham, Gene KoubaAbstract:A summary of all available correlations and mechanistic models for the prediction of slug Liquid Holdup is presented. Additionally, an experimental data base for slug Liquid Holdup has been collected from available literature. A comparison between the predictions of available models and correlations against the data base is presented, identifying the range of applicability of the different methods. The correlations have been tuned against the new data by calculating new values of their constant parameters, showing an improved performance. Also, the uncertainties of the correlations parameters are evaluated and presented. A recommendation for the best method of predicting the slug Liquid Holdup is provided.
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state of the art of experimental studies and predictive methods for slug Liquid Holdup
ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean Offshore and Arctic Engineering, 2009Co-Authors: Eduardo Pereyra, R Arismendi, L Gomez, Ram S Mohan, Ovadia Shoham, Gene KoubaAbstract:Determination of gas entrainment in slug flow is crucial for the prediction of slug flow characteristics and separator performance. A summary of all available correlations and mechanistic models for the prediction of slug Liquid Holdup is presented. Additionally, an experimental data base for slug Liquid Holdup has been collected from available literature. The data base shows a gap for large diameter pipes, high pressure systems and high viscosity Liquids. A comparison between the predictions of available models and correlations against the data base is presented, identifying the range of applicability of the different methods. The correlations have been tuned with the new data showing an improved performance. Also, the uncertainties of the correlations parameters are evaluated and presented. Based on this study, a recommendation for the best method for predicting the slug Liquid Holdup is provided.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Gene Kouba - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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state of the art of experimental studies and predictive methods for slug Liquid Holdup
Journal of Energy Resources Technology-transactions of The Asme, 2012Co-Authors: Eduardo Pereyra, R Arismendi, L Gomez, Ram S Mohan, Ovadia Shoham, Gene KoubaAbstract:A summary of all available correlations and mechanistic models for the prediction of slug Liquid Holdup is presented. Additionally, an experimental data base for slug Liquid Holdup has been collected from available literature. A comparison between the predictions of available models and correlations against the data base is presented, identifying the range of applicability of the different methods. The correlations have been tuned against the new data by calculating new values of their constant parameters, showing an improved performance. Also, the uncertainties of the correlations parameters are evaluated and presented. A recommendation for the best method of predicting the slug Liquid Holdup is provided.
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state of the art of experimental studies and predictive methods for slug Liquid Holdup
ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean Offshore and Arctic Engineering, 2009Co-Authors: Eduardo Pereyra, R Arismendi, L Gomez, Ram S Mohan, Ovadia Shoham, Gene KoubaAbstract:Determination of gas entrainment in slug flow is crucial for the prediction of slug flow characteristics and separator performance. A summary of all available correlations and mechanistic models for the prediction of slug Liquid Holdup is presented. Additionally, an experimental data base for slug Liquid Holdup has been collected from available literature. The data base shows a gap for large diameter pipes, high pressure systems and high viscosity Liquids. A comparison between the predictions of available models and correlations against the data base is presented, identifying the range of applicability of the different methods. The correlations have been tuned with the new data showing an improved performance. Also, the uncertainties of the correlations parameters are evaluated and presented. Based on this study, a recommendation for the best method for predicting the slug Liquid Holdup is provided.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
K. Krishnaiah - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Liquid Holdup in turbulent bed contactor
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2004Co-Authors: A.e.r. Bruce, P.s.t. Sai, K. KrishnaiahAbstract:Abstract Experimental data on Liquid Holdup are collected over a wide range of variables in a turbulent bed contactor (TBC) with a 3 mm projection of the gasket to block the free area of the distributor plate near the wall so that the channeling of Liquid along the wall is avoided. The variation in dynamic Liquid Holdup based on static bed height e ld,st with gas velocity, Liquid velocity, particle diameter and density, static bed height, free-open area of the distributor plate and dimensions of downcomer are discussed for Type I and Type II turbulent bed contactor. Correlations are developed to predict the dynamic Liquid Holdup. The Liquid Holdup obtained through quick closing valve technique is compared with the Liquid Holdup obtained through residence time distribution (RTD) method.
Cem Sarica - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Modeling Liquid Holdup in Pseudo-Slugs
Day 2 Tue January 14 2020, 2020Co-Authors: Yilin Fan, Eissa Al-safran, Eduardo Pereyra, Cem SaricaAbstract:Pseudo-slug flow is a sub-regime of intermittent flow that is characterized by short, undeveloped, frothy chaotic slugs, with translational velocity less than the mixture velocity of the fluids. Pseudo-slug flow does not comply with the basic characteristics of conventional unit-cell slug flow where Liquid blocks the entire pipe cross-sectional area, and Liquid is scooped at slug front, transferred to slug body, and shed back to Liquid film. The Liquid in pseudo-slug body is insufficient to reach the upper part of the pipe wall, resulting in only large wave with entrained gas bubbles at the bottom part of the pseudo slug body. Consequently, a significant reduction in the gas phase flowing area above the wave is formed, which increases the local gas velocity, entraining large volume of Liquid droplets in the upper part of the slug body. Therefore, the pseudo-slug body can be divided into two regions, Liquid film (wave) with entrained gas bubbles at the bottom, and gas core with entrained Liquid droplets. The objective of this study is to develop a plausible physical model of the experimentally observed pseudo-slug Liquid Holdup phenomenon and model the physical and hydrodynamic behavior using a dimensional regression modeling approach. This paper discusses Liquid and gas entrainment mechanisms within pseudo-slug body based on experimental observation. Previous experimental results show that the proposed dimensionless groups; namely, Stokes, Slippage, and Poiseuille are strongly correlated to pseudo-slug body Liquid Holdup experimental data and are capable of describing the experimentally observed physical behavior. A linearized regression model is developed to combine the Liquid Holdup proportionally in both regions of the pseudo-slug body (mentioned above) and correlate them to the experimentally measured total pseudo-slug Liquid Holdup using wire mesh sensor. A validation study of the proposed model with Fan (2017) experimental data shows good agreement, outperforming all other existing slug Liquid Holdup correlations.
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Modeling pseudo-slugs Liquid Holdup in slightly upward inclined pipes
Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2020Co-Authors: Yilin Fan, Eissa Al-safran, Eduardo Pereyra, Cem SaricaAbstract:Abstract Pseudo-slug flow is a sub-regime of intermittent flow that is characterized by short, undeveloped, frothy chaotic slugs, with a translational velocity less than the mixture velocity of the fluids. The Liquid in the pseudo-slug body is insufficient to reach the upper pipe wall, resulting in large waves with entrained gas bubbles at the bottom part of the pseudo-slug body. This flow phenomenon in the pseudo-slug body is different from the well-known physical model of the conventional unit-cell slug flow. Although pseudo-slug flow occupies a significant area under the intermittent flow region of flow pattern map, theoretical modeling of its characteristics is still limited and scarce in the literature. The objective of this study is to develop a plausible physical model of Liquid Holdup in pseudo-slugs based on the observed physical and hydrodynamic behavior, based on which a dimensional predictive regression model is developed. This paper discusses Liquid and gas entrainment mechanisms within the pseudo-slug body based on experimental observation. It shows that the pseudo-slug body can be divided into two regions, Liquid film (wave) with entrained gas bubbles at the bottom, and gas core with entrained Liquid droplets at the top. Experimental results show that the proposed dimensionless groups, namely, Stokes, Slippage, and Poiseuille numbers, are strongly correlated to pseudo-slug body Liquid Holdup experimental data and are capable of describing the experimentally observed physical behavior. A linearized regression model is developed to combine the Liquid Holdup proportionally in both regions of the pseudo-slug body and correlate them to the experimentally measured total pseudo-slug Liquid Holdup using a wire-mesh sensor. A validation study of the proposed model with experimental data shows good agreement, outperforming all other existing slug Liquid Holdup correlations.
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prediction of slug Liquid Holdup in high viscosity Liquid and gas two phase flow in horizontal pipes
Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2015Co-Authors: Eissa Alsafran, Ceyda Kora, Cem SaricaAbstract:Abstract Liquid Holdup in slugs is a critical slug flow characteristic for predicting average Liquid Holdup and pressure gradient in two-phase pipeline systems and for designing downstream separation and process facilities. Liquid Holdup in slugs for high viscosity two-phase pipe flow is poorly understood and inadequately predicted. The objective of this study is to experimentally investigate the effect of high Liquid viscosity on slug Liquid Holdup in horizontal pipes and develop a physical explanation of the experimentally observed phenomenon. Viscous and inertia forces are found to govern the processes of the bubble entrainment, fragmentation and loss in the slug front. These processes, in turn, determine the slug Liquid Holdup. A new empirical closure relationship is proposed as a function of viscosity (viscous) and Froude (inertia) dimensionless numbers to predict the gas fraction in slugs for high viscosity Liquid (180–587 mPa s) and gas flow in horizontal pipes. A validation and comparison study of the proposed empirical correlation with an independent data set showed improvement in accuracy with absolute average error and standard deviation of 11.35% and 9.59%, respectively, over the existing correlations.
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A Mechanistic Slug Liquid Holdup Model for Wide Ranges of Liquid Viscosity and Pipe Inclination Angle
All Days, 2013Co-Authors: S.. Wang, Cem Sarica, Eduardo Pereyra, Hong-quan ZhangAbstract:Abstract Slug Liquid Holdup is one of the most important parameters of slug flow. It is closely related to the average Liquid Holdup and pressure gradient of slug flow in wells and pipelines. Barnea and Brauner (1985) and Zhang et al. (2003a) mechanistic models are based on the turbulent nature of Liquid slugs, which is typical for low viscosity oils. However, for high viscosity oil slug flow, the Liquid slug is laminar due to low slug Reynolds number. In this study, a slug Liquid Holdup mechanistic model is developed for low and high viscosity oil slug flows. The model is based on two shear mixings including shear between the slug front and pipe wall, and shear between the slug body and Liquid film. The equations are solved based on slug flow characteristics which can be calculated by solving the continuity and momentum equations of slug flow. A data bank consisting of 418 slug Liquid Holdup measurements is used to validate the model. In the data bank, Liquid viscosity ranges from 0.0016 to 0.589 Pa·s (1.6 to 589 cP). Pipe inclination angle is from −30? to upward vertical. Pipe inner diameter (ID) varies from 5.08 to 10 cm. Statistical evaluations are also conducted against predictions of other models. Significant improvement is observed in the performance of the new model. Introduction Heavy oil constitutes a major portion of the world's total oil reserve. It is discovered and produced around the world and has become one of the most important future hydrocarbon resources with ever increasing world energy demand and depletion of conventional oils. However, heavy oil possesses very high viscosity which poses many challenges for its production and transportation. Accurate pressure gradient and Liquid Holdup predictions of high-viscosity oil multiphase pipe flows are imperative for heavy oil production and transportation. Most of the current multiphase flow experimental studies, correlation and model developments were conducted using low-viscosity conventional oils or other Liquids. However, high-viscosity oil multiphase flow behaves very differently than low-viscosity oil multiphase flow. Significant discrepancies were observed in model comparisons. Slug flow is a dominant flow pattern in high-viscosity oil/gas pipe flow. In two-phase slug flow, Liquid slugs and gas pockets propagate alternatively in the pipe. Liquid slugs without gas entrainment are rare under normal pipeline operating conditions. Instead, gas bubbles are often entrained in the Liquid slugs. The Liquid volume fraction in the slug body is known as the slug Liquid Holdup. The slugs can carry different amount of entrained gas, which primarily depends on flow rates, fluid properties, and pipe diameter. A slug unit consists of the slug body and a Liquid film zone. The fast moving aerated slug body over rides the slow moving Liquid film ahead of it. The slug scoops the Liquid film and accelerates it to the velocity of the slug (mixture velocity). Liquid is shed from the tail of the slug to a trailing film. Slug Liquid Holdup is an important parameter for slug flow modeling. Most of the pressure drop in slug flow occurs in the slug body. The frictional pressure drop is greater in the slug body than in the film region. The Liquid film acceleration also causes significant pressure drop in the mixing zone at the slug front. Thus the overall pressure gradient depends greatly on the slug Liquid Holdup and slug length.
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Effects of High Oil Viscosity on Slug Liquid Holdup in Horizontal Pipes
All Days, 2011Co-Authors: Ceyda Kora, Cem Sarica, Hong-quan Zhang, Abdelsalam Al-sarkhi, Eissa Al-safranAbstract:Abstract In the recent years, the increased consumption of hydrocarbon resources and the decline in discoveries of low viscosity oils increased the importance of high viscosity oils. Significant changes in flow behavior were observed with increasing oil viscosity. Determination of the Liquid Holdup in the slug body is essential to calculate pressure drop for multiphase flow systems. An experimental study was performed to investigate the effect of high oil viscosity on slug Liquid Holdup and Liquid film height. 144 tests were carried out in 50.8-mm ID horizontal pipe for different oil viscosities and superficial Liquid and gas velocities. Tests were conducted at oil viscosities of 0.587, 0.378, 0.257 and 0.181 Pa-s. Superficial Liquid and gas velocities varied from 0.1 to 0.8 m/s and 0.1 to 3.5 m/s, respectively. The experimental measurements were compared with the existing slug Liquid Holdup model predictions to investigate the performances of these models for high viscosity oil. The predictions of the Gregory et al. (1978), the Gomez et al. (2000), the Abdul-Majeed (2000), the Al-safran (2009) correlations and the Zhang et al. (2003) mechanistic model were compared with high viscosity data. It was concluded that the slug Liquid Holdup predictions of these empirical and mechanistic models disagree with measurements especially above a 2 m/s mixture velocity. New slug Liquid Holdup correlations were developed in this study. The new correlations are expected to improve predictions of slug Liquid Holdup for high viscosity oil especially at high mixture velocities. No significant effect of high oil viscosity on Liquid film Holdup was observed within the selected oil viscosity range of this study.