The Experts below are selected from a list of 18726 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

J. Sedlar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

David R. Burris - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Aqueous solubility of Liquid Hydrocarbon mixtures containing dissolved solid components
    Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1991
    Co-Authors: George G. Vadas, William G. Macintyre, David R. Burris
    Abstract:

    Two hypothetical supercooled Liquid (HSL) solubility estimation methods are evaluated for 11 solid polynuclear aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). The HSL solubility is required to estimate the aqueous solubility of solids such as PAHs when they are part of a Liquid Hydrocarbon mixture. Aqueous solubility experimental data for binary and multicomponent Liquid Hydrocarbon mixtures containing PAHs were used to evaluate the HSL solubility estimation methods. An HSL solubility estimation method requiring only the component's pure compound solubility and melting point proved to be adequate for most environmental applications.

Chunshan Song - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • selective adsorption for removal of nitrogen compounds from Liquid Hydrocarbon streams over carbon and alumina based adsorbents
    Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2009
    Co-Authors: Masoud Almarri, Chunshan Song
    Abstract:

    In order to explore the adsorptive denitrogenation of Liquid Hydrocarbon streams for producing ultraclean fuels, the adsorption performance of seven representative activated carbon samples and three activated alumina samples was evaluated in a batch adsorption system and a fixed-bed flow adsorption system for removing quinoline and indole from a model diesel fuel in the coexistence of sulfur compounds and aromatics. Different adsorbents show quite different selectivity toward basic and nonbasic nitrogen compounds (quinoline and indole) and sulfur compounds (dibenzothiophene and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene). The activated carbons generally show higher capacity than activated alumina samples for removing the nitrogen compounds. The adsorption capacity and selectivity of the activated carbons for nitrogen compounds were further correlated with their textural properties and oxygen content. It was found that (1) the microporous surface area and micropore volume are not a key factor for removal of the nitrogen...

  • a novel method for oxidative desulfurization of Liquid Hydrocarbon fuels based on catalytic oxidation using molecular oxygen coupled with selective adsorption
    Catalysis Today, 2007
    Co-Authors: Anning Zhou, Chunshan Song
    Abstract:

    Abstract The present study explored a novel oxidative desulfurization (ODS) method of Liquid Hydrocarbon fuels, which combines a catalytic oxidation step of the sulfur compounds directly in the presence of molecular oxygen and an adsorption step of the oxidation-treated fuel over activated carbon. The ODS of a model jet fuel and a real jet fuel (JP-8) was conducted in a batch system at ambient conditions. It was found that the oxidation in the presence of molecular oxygen with Fe(III) salts was able to convert the thiophenic compounds in the fuel to the corresponding sulfone and/or sulfoxide compounds at 25 °C. The oxidation reactivity of the sulfur compounds decreases in the order of 2-methylbenzothiophene > 5-methylbenzothiophene > benzothiophene ≫ dibenzothiophene. The alkyl benzothiophenes with more alkyl substituents have higher oxidation reactivity. In real JP-8 fuel, 2,3-dimethylbenzothiophene was found to be the most refractory sulfur compound to be oxidized. The catalytic oxidation of the sulfur compounds to form the corresponding sulfones and/or sulfoxides improved significantly the adsorptivity of the sulfur compounds on activated carbon, because the activated carbon has higher adsorptive affinity for the sulfones and sulfoxides than thiophenic compounds due to the higher polarity of the former. The remarkable advantages of the developed ODS method are that the ODS can be run in the presence of O 2 at ambient condition without using peroxides and aqueous solvent and thus without involving the biphasic oil–aqueous-solution system.

  • Ultra-deep Desulfurization of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels: Chemistry and Process
    International Journal of Green Energy, 2004
    Co-Authors: Chunshan Song, Xiaoliang Ma
    Abstract:

    Recently, ultra-deep desulfurization of Liquid Hydrocarbon fuels is becoming very important worldwide not only because of the heightened interest for cleaner air and thus increasingly stringent environmental regulations for fuel sulfur content, but also because of the great need for making ultra-low-sulfur fuels used in Hydrocarbon fuel process for fuel cell applications. This article is a selective review on chemistry and process concerning the ultra-deep desulfurization of Liquid Hydrocarbon fuels. The principles and problems for the existing hydrodesulfurization processes and the challenges, concepts, advantages, and disadvantages of various new approaches are discussed, including (1) sulfur compounds in Liquid Hydrocarbon fuels; (2) Reactivity and mechanistic aspect of various sulfur compounds; (3) Challenges in ultra-deep desulfurization processes; (4) Approaches to ultra-deep desulfurization process.

Brajendra K Sharma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • valorization of waste lipids through hydrothermal catalytic conversion to Liquid Hydrocarbon fuels with in situ hydrogen production
    ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2016
    Co-Authors: Dongwook Kim, Derek R Vardon, Dheeptha Murali, Brajendra K Sharma, Timothy J Strathmann
    Abstract:

    We demonstrate hydrothermal (300 °C, 10 MPa) catalytic conversion of real waste lipids (e.g., waste vegetable oil, sewer trap grease) to Liquid Hydrocarbon fuels without net need for external chemical inputs (e.g., H2 gas, methanol). A supported bimetallic catalyst (Pt–Re/C; 5 wt % of each metal) previously shown to catalyze both aqueous phase reforming of glycerol (a triacylglyceride lipid hydrolysis coproduct) to H2 gas and conversion of oleic and stearic acid, model unsaturated and saturated fatty acids, to linear alkanes was applied to process real waste lipid feedstocks in water. For reactions conducted with an initially inert headspace gas (N2), waste vegetable oil (WVO) was fully converted into linear Hydrocarbons (C15–C17) and other hydrolyzed byproducts within 4.5 h, and H2 gas production was observed. Addition of H2 to the initial reactor headspace accelerated conversion, but net H2 production was still observed, in agreement with results obtained for aqueous mixtures containing model fatty acid...

  • production characterization and fuel properties of alternative diesel fuel from pyrolysis of waste plastic grocery bags
    Fuel Processing Technology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Brajendra K Sharma, Bryan R Moser, Karl E Vermillion, Kenneth M Doll, Nandakishore Rajagopalan
    Abstract:

    article i nfo Pyrolysis of HDPE waste grocery bags followed by distillation resulted in a Liquid Hydrocarbon mixture with average structure consisting of saturated aliphatic paraffinic hydrogens (96.8%), aliphatic olefinic hydrogens (2.6%) and aromatic hydrogens (0.6%) that corresponded to the boiling range of conventional petroleum diesel fuel (#1 diesel 190-290 °C and #2 diesel 290-340 °C). Characterization of the Liquid Hydrocarbon mixture was accomplished with gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectros- copies, size exclusion chromatography, and simulated distillation. No oxygenated species such as carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ethers, ketones, or alcohols were detected. Comparison of the fuel properties to the petrodiesel fuel standards ASTM D975 and EN 590 revealed that the synthetic product was within all specifications after addition of antioxidants with the exception of density (802 kg/m

James A. Dumesic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • production of Liquid Hydrocarbon fuels by catalytic conversion of biomass derived levulinic acid
    Green Chemistry, 2011
    Co-Authors: Drew J Braden, Carlos A Henao, Jacob Heltzel, Christos Maravelias, James A. Dumesic
    Abstract:

    Levulinic acid derived from ligno-cellulosic biomass has the potential to be utilized as a platform intermediate molecule in the production of renewable Liquid fuels for the transportation sector. Herein we report a catalytic process for the conversion of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone (GVL) using a RuRe/C catalyst that is significantly more active than a traditional Ru/C catalyst. The bimetallic catalyst is active for the reduction of levulinic acid and simultaneous decomposition of formic acid with good stability in the presence of sulfuric acid, the homogeneous catalyst commonly used in the production of levulinic acid from carbohydrates. Results from techno-economic analyses show that the integration of this new process with catalytic decarboxylation of GVL to butene followed by alkene oligomerization could provide a cost-effective route for the conversion of ligno-cellulosic biomass to Liquid Hydrocarbon fuels.

  • Catalytic routes for the conversion of biomass into Liquid Hydrocarbon transportation fuels
    Energy and Environmental Science, 2011
    Co-Authors: Juan Carlos Serrano-ruiz, James A. Dumesic
    Abstract:

    Concerns about diminishing fossil fuel reserves along with global warming effects caused by increasing levels of CO2 in the atmosphere are driving society toward the search for new renewable sources of energy that can substitute for coal, natural gas and petroleum in the current energy system. Lignocellulosic biomass is abundant, and it has the potential to significantly displace petroleum in the production of fuels for the transportation sector. Ethanol, the main biomass-derived fuel used today, has benefited from production by a well-established technology and by partial compatibility with the current transportation infrastructure, leading to the domination of the world biofuel market. However, ethanol suffers from important limitations as a fuel (e.g., low energy density, high solubility in water) than can be overcome by designing strategies to convert non-edible lignocellulosic biomass into Liquid Hydrocarbon fuels (LHF) chemically similar to those currently used in internal combustion engines. The present review describes the main routes available to carry out such deep chemical transformation (e.g., gasification, pyrolysis, and aqueous-phase catalytic processing), with particular emphasis on those pathways involving aqueous-phase catalytic reactions. These latter catalytic routes achieve the required transformations in biomass-derived molecules with controlled chemistry and high yields, but require pretreatment/hydrolysis steps to overcome the recalcitrance of lignocellulose. To be economically viable, these aqueous-phase routes should be carried out with a small number of reactors and with minimum utilization of external fossil fuel-based hydrogen sources, as illustrated in the examples presented here.