The Experts below are selected from a list of 201 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Sergey I Bozhevolnyi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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on chip excitation of single germanium vacancies in nanodiamonds embedded in plasmonic waveguides
Light-Science & Applications, 2018Co-Authors: Hamidreza Siampour, Shailesh Kumar, Valery A Davydov, Liudmila F Kulikova, V Agafonov, Sergey I BozhevolnyiAbstract:Monolithic integration of quantum emitters in nanoscale plasmonic circuitry requires low-loss plasmonic configurations capable of confining light well below the diffraction limit. We demonstrated on-chip remote excitation of nanodiamond-embedded single quantum emitters by plasmonic modes of dielectric ridges atop colloidal silver crystals. The nanodiamonds were produced to incorporate single germanium-vacancy (GeV) centres, providing bright, spectrally narrow and stable single-photon sources suitable for highly integrated circuits. Using electron-beam lithography with hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) resist, dielectric-Loaded Surface plasmon polariton waveguides (DLSPPWs) were fabricated on single crystalline silver plates to contain those of deposited nanodiamonds that are found to feature appropriate single GeV centres. The low-loss plasmonic configuration enabled the 532-nm pump laser light to propagate on-chip in the DLSPPW and reach to an embedded nanodiamond where a single GeV centre was incorporated. The remote GeV emitter was thereby excited and coupled to spatially confined DLSPPW modes with an outstanding figure-of-merit of 180 due to a ~six-fold Purcell enhancement, ~56% coupling efficiency and ~33 μm transmission length, thereby opening new avenues for the implementation of nanoscale functional quantum devices.
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on chip excitation of single germanium vacancies in nanodiamonds embedded in plasmonic waveguides
arXiv: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, 2018Co-Authors: Hamidreza Siampour, Shailesh Kumar, Valery A Davydov, Liudmila F Kulikova, V Agafonov, Sergey I BozhevolnyiAbstract:Monolithic integration of quantum emitters in nanoscale plasmonic circuitry requires low-loss plasmonic configurations capable of confining light well below the diffraction limit. We demonstrate on-chip remote excitation of nanodiamond-embedded single quantum emitters by plasmonic modes of dielectric ridges atop colloidal silver crystals. The nanodiamonds are produced to incorporate single germanium-vacancy (GeV) centers, providing bright, spectrally narrow and stable single-photon sources suitable for highly integrated circuits. Using electron-beam lithography with hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) resist, dielectric-Loaded Surface plasmon polariton waveguides (DLSPPWs) are fabricated on single crystalline silver plates so as to contain those of spin-casted nanodiamonds that are found to feature appropriate single GeV centers. The low-loss plasmonic configuration enabled the 532 nm pump laser light to propagate on-chip in the DLSPPW and reach to an embedded nanodiamond where a single GeV center is incorporated. The remote GeV emitter is thereby excited and coupled to spatially confined DLSPPW modes with an outstanding figure-of-merit of 180 due to a ~6-fold Purcell enhancement, ~56% coupling efficiency and ~33 {\mu}m transmission length, revealing the potential of our approach for on-chip realization of nanoscale functional quantum devices.
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compact and broadband directional coupling and demultiplexing in dielectric Loaded Surface plasmon polariton waveguides based on the multimode interference effect
Applied Physics Letters, 2013Co-Authors: Cesar E Garciaortiz, Ilya P Radko, Sergey I BozhevolnyiAbstract:We theoretically, numerically, and experimentally demonstrate that a directional coupling function can be realized with a wide bandwidth (greater than 200 nm) in dielectric-Loaded Surface plasmon polariton waveguides based on the multimode interference effect. The functional size of the structures is in the range of several micrometers, which is much shorter than traditional directional couplers consisting of two parallel dielectric or plasmonic metallic waveguides. In addition, 1 × 2 beam splitting and demultiplexing function was realized. Such devices with wide bandwidth and small size indicate potential applications in high density lab-on-chip photonic integration and circuits.
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performance of thermo optic components based on dielectric Loaded Surface plasmon polariton waveguides
Scientific Reports, 2013Co-Authors: Jacek Gosciniak, Sergey I BozhevolnyiAbstract:Performance of thermo-optic components based on dielectric-Loaded Surface plasmon polariton waveguides
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loss compensation in long range dielectric Loaded Surface plasmon polariton waveguides
3rd International Conference on Metamaterials Photonic Crystals and Plasmonics META 2012, 2012Co-Authors: Sonia M Garciablanco, Markus Pollnau, Sergey I BozhevolnyiAbstract:Loss compensation in long-range dielectric Loaded Surface plasmon polariton (LR-DLSPP) waveguides has been theoretically studied. Rare-earth-ion-doped potassium double tungstates have been proposed as gain materials because of the elevated gain that they can provide, together with a favorable refractive index. The effect of the waveguide geometry on loss compensation efficiency was thoroughly studied. A material gain as low as 12.5 dB/cm was found to suffice to achieve full loss compensation in an optimized structure.
Anatoly V Zayats - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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active nanophotonic circuitry based on dielectric Loaded plasmonic waveguides
Advanced Optical Materials, 2015Co-Authors: Alexey V Krasavin, Anatoly V ZayatsAbstract:Surface plasmon polaritons provide a unique opportunity to localize and guide optical signals on deeply subwavelength scales and can be used as a prospective information carrier in highly integrated photonic circuits. Dielectric-Loaded Surface plasmon polariton waveguides present a particular interest for applications offering a unique platform for the realization of integrated active functionalities. This includes active control of plasmonic propagation using thermo-optic, electro-optic, and all-optical switching as well as compensation of propagation losses. In this review, the principles and performance of such waveguides are discussed and the current status of the related active plasmonic components which can be integrated in silicon or other nanophotonic circuitries is summarized. A comparison of dielectric-Loaded and other plasmonic waveguides is presented and various material platforms and design pathways are discussed.
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electro optic switching element for dielectric Loaded Surface plasmon polariton waveguides
Applied Physics Letters, 2010Co-Authors: Alexey V Krasavin, Anatoly V ZayatsAbstract:We present three-dimensional numerical modeling of an active electronically controlled switching element for fully-functional plasmonic circuits based on dielectric-Loaded Surface plasmon polariton waveguides. It has been demonstrated that the transmission of the guided mode through a highly wavelength-selective waveguide ring resonator (WRR) can be efficiently controlled with very small refractive index changes of the order of 10−3, achievable through the electro-optic effect in nonlinear materials. Furthermore, we have introduced a figure of merit for such active plasmonic elements and optimized the active WRR performance in terms of its sensitivity and size. These results shows the potential to create high performance 600 nm radius plasmonic WRR switches.
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efficient excitation of dielectric Loaded Surface plasmon polariton waveguide modes at telecommunication wavelengths
Physical Review B, 2008Co-Authors: Tobias Holmgaard, Laurent Markey, Alain Dereux, Sergey I Bozhevolnyi, Alexey V Krasavin, Padraig Bolger, Anatoly V ZayatsAbstract:The excitation of Surface plasmon-polariton (SPP) waveguide modes in subwavelength dielectric ridges deposited on a thin gold film has been characterized and optimized at telecommunication wavelengths. The experimental data on the electromagnetic mode structure obtained using scanning near-field optical microscopy have been directly compared to full vectorial three-dimensional finite element method simulations. Two excitation geometries have been investigated where SPPs are excited outside or inside the dielectric tapered region adjoint to the waveguide. The dependence of the efficiency of the SPP guided mode excitation on the taper opening angle has been measured and modeled. Single-mode guiding and strong lateral mode confinement of dielectric-Loaded SPP waveguide modes have been characterized with the near-field measurements and compared to the effective-index method model.
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bend and splitting loss of dielectric Loaded Surface plasmon polariton waveguides
Optics Express, 2008Co-Authors: Tobias Holmgaard, Laurent Markey, Alain Dereux, Sergey I Bozhevolnyi, Alexey V Krasavin, Zhuo Chen, Anatoly V ZayatsAbstract:The design, fabrication, characterization, and modeling of basic building blocks of plasmonic circuitry based on dielectric-Loaded Surface polariton waveguides, such as bends, splitters, and Mach-Zehnder interferometers are presented. The plasmonic components are realized by depositing subwavelength dielectric ridges on a smooth gold film using mass-production-compatible UV-photolithography. The near-field characterization at telecommunication wavelengths shows the strong mode confinement and low radiation and bend losses. The performance of the devices is found in good agreement with results obtained by full vectorial three-dimensional finite element simulations.
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three dimensional numerical modeling of photonic integration with dielectric Loaded spp waveguides
Physical Review B, 2008Co-Authors: Alexey V Krasavin, Anatoly V ZayatsAbstract:Using full three-dimensional numerical modeling, we demonstrate highly efficient passive and active photonic circuit elements based on dielectric-Loaded Surface plasmon polariton waveguides (DLSPPWs). Highly confined Surface plasmon polariton (SPP) mode having subwavelength cross section allows high level of integration of DLSPPW circuitry. We demonstrate very efficient guiding and routing of SPP signals with the passive waveguide elements such as bends, splitters, and Bragg reflectors, having a functional size of just a few microns at telecommunication wavelengths. Introducing a gain in the dielectric, we have found the requirement for lossless waveguiding and estimated the performance of DLSPPW lossless and active elements. DLSPPW based components have prospective implementation in photonic integrated chips, hybrid optical-electronic circuits, and lab-on-a-chip applications.
Alain Dereux - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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momentum space spectroscopy for advanced analysis of dielectric Loaded Surface plasmon polariton coupled and bent waveguides
Physical Review B, 2013Co-Authors: Karim Hassan, J C Weeber, Alain Dereux, Alexandre Bouhelier, T Bernardin, Gerard Colasdesfrancs, Espiau R De LamaestreAbstract:We perform advanced radiation leakage microscopy of routing dielectric-Loaded plasmonic waveguiding structures. By direct-plane imaging and momentum-space spectroscopy, we analyze the energy transfer between coupled waveguides as a function of gap distance and reveal the momentum distribution of curved geometries. Specifically, we observed a clear degeneracy lift of the effective indices for strongly interacting waveguides in agreement with coupled-mode theory. We use momentum-space representations to discuss the effect of curvature on dielectric-Loaded waveguides. The experimental images are successfully reproduced by a numerical and an analytical model of the mode propagating in a curved plasmonic waveguide.
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a 320 gb s throughput capable 2 times 2 silicon plasmonic router architecture for optical interconnects
Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2011Co-Authors: S Papaioannou, K Vyrsokinos, Odysseas Tsilipakos, Alexandros Pitilakis, Karim Hassan, J C Weeber, Laurent Markey, Alain Dereux, Sergey I Bozhevolnyi, A MiliouAbstract:We demonstrate a 2 × 2 silicon-plasmonic router architecture with 320 Gb/s throughput capabilities for optical interconnect applications. The proposed router platform relies on a novel dual-ring Dielectric-Loaded Surface Plasmon Polariton (DLSPP) 2 × 2 switch heterointegrated on a Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) photonic motherboard that is responsible for traffic multiplexing and header processing functionalities. We present experimental results of a Poly-methyl-methacrylate (PMMA)-Loaded dual-resonator DLSPP waveguide structure that uses two racetrack resonators of 5.5 μm radius and 4 μ m-long straight sections and operates as a passive add/drop filtering element. We derive its frequency-domain transfer function, confirm its add/drop experimental spectral response, and proceed to a circuit-level model for dual-ring DLSPP designs supporting 2 × 2 thermo-optic switch operation. The validity of our circuit-level modeled 2 × 2 thermo-optic switch is verified by means of respective full vectorial three-dimensional Finite Element Method (3D-FEM) simulations. The router setup is completed by means of two 4 × 1 SOI multiplexing circuits, each one employing four cascaded second order micro-ring configurations with 100 GHz spaced resonances. Successful interconnection between the DLSPP switching matrix and the SOI circuitry is performed through a butt-coupling design that, as shown via 3D-FEM analysis, allows for small coupling losses of as low as 2.6 dB. The final router architecture is evaluated through a co-operative simulation environment, demonstrating successful 2 × 2 routing for two incoming 4-wavelength Non-Return-to-Zero (NRZ) optical packet streams with 40 Gb/s line-rates.
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power monitoring in dielectric Loaded Surface plasmon polariton waveguides
Optics Express, 2011Co-Authors: Ashwani Kumar, Jacek Gosciniak, Laurent Markey, Alain Dereux, Thomas Barnebeck Andersen, Sergey I BozhevolnyiAbstract:We report on propagating mode power monitoring in dielectric-Loaded Surface plasmon-polariton waveguides (DLSPPWs) by measuring the resistance of gold stripes supporting the DLSPPW mode propagation. Inevitable absorption of the DLSPPW mode in metal causes an increase in the stripe temperature and, thereby, in its resistance whose variations are monitored with an external Wheatstone bridge being accurately balanced in the absence of radiation in a waveguide. The investigated waveguide configuration consists of a 1-µm-thick and 10-µm-wide polymer ridges tapered laterally to a 1-µm-wide ridge placed on a 50-nm-thin and 4-µm-wide gold stripe, all supported by a magnesium fluoride substrate. Using single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber for in- and out-coupling of radiation, DLSPPW mode power monitoring at telecom wavelengths is realized with the responsivities of up to ~1.8 µV/µW (showing weak wavelength dependence) being evaluated for a bias voltage of 1 V.
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fiber coupled dielectric Loaded plasmonic waveguides
Optics Express, 2010Co-Authors: Jacek Gosciniak, Laurent Markey, Sergey I Bozhevolnyi, S Massenot, Valentyn S Volkov, Alain DereuxAbstract:Fiber in- and out-coupling of radiation guided by dielectric-Loaded Surface plasmon-polariton waveguides (DLSPPWs) is realized using intermediate tapered dielectric waveguides. The waveguide structures fabricated by large-scale UV-lithography consist of 1-microm-thick polymer ridges tapered from 10-microm-wide ridges deposited directly on a magnesium fluoride substrate to 1-microm-wide ridges placed on a 50-nm-thick and 100-microm-wide gold stripe. Using fiber-to-fiber transmission measurements at telecom wavelengths, the performance of straight and bent DLSPPWs is characterized demonstrating the overall insertion loss below 24 dB, half of which is attributed to the DLSPPW loss of propagation over the 100-microm-long distance.
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dielectric Loaded Surface plasmon polariton waveguides on a finite width metal strip
Applied Physics Letters, 2010Co-Authors: Jonathan Grandidier, J C Weeber, Laurent Markey, S Massenot, Colas Des G Francs, Alexandre Bouhelier, Alain DereuxAbstract:We investigate the guiding properties of a dielectric-Loaded Surface plasmon polariton waveguide on a finite-width metal strip. The guided mode is characterized by leakage radiation microscopy for different metal strip widths. We show a strong mode attenuation for metal strip widths below 1.75 μm at telecom wavelength λ=1.55 μm. We estimate the minimal width using numerical methods and propose an original interpretation. Good agreement with the measured data is achieved. The determination of this critical width is a prerequisite for designing miniaturized plasmonics devices.
Laurent Markey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Silicon-Plasmonic Router Architecture for Optical Interconnects
2016Co-Authors: S Papaioannou, K Vyrsokinos, Odysseas Tsilipakos, Alexandros Pitilakis, Karim Hassan, -c. J. Weeber, Laurent MarkeyAbstract:Abstract—We demonstrate a 2 2 silicon-plasmonic router ar-chitecture with 320 Gb/s throughput capabilities for optical in-terconnect applications. The proposed router platform relies on a novel dual-ring Dielectric-Loaded Surface Plasmon Polariton (DLSPP) 2 2 switch heterointegrated on a Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) photonic motherboard that is responsible for traffic multi-plexing and header processing functionalities. We present exper-imental results of a Poly-methyl-methacrylate (PMMA)-Loaded dual-resonator DLSPP waveguide structure that uses two race-track resonators of 5.5 m radius and 4 m-long straight sections and operates as a passive add/drop filtering element. We derive its frequency-domain transfer function, confirm its add/drop experi-mental spectral response, and proceed to a circuit-level model for dual-ring DLSPP designs supporting 2 2 thermo-optic switch operation. The validity of our circuit-level modeled 2 2 thermo
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a 320 gb s throughput capable 2 times 2 silicon plasmonic router architecture for optical interconnects
Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2011Co-Authors: S Papaioannou, K Vyrsokinos, Odysseas Tsilipakos, Alexandros Pitilakis, Karim Hassan, J C Weeber, Laurent Markey, Alain Dereux, Sergey I Bozhevolnyi, A MiliouAbstract:We demonstrate a 2 × 2 silicon-plasmonic router architecture with 320 Gb/s throughput capabilities for optical interconnect applications. The proposed router platform relies on a novel dual-ring Dielectric-Loaded Surface Plasmon Polariton (DLSPP) 2 × 2 switch heterointegrated on a Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) photonic motherboard that is responsible for traffic multiplexing and header processing functionalities. We present experimental results of a Poly-methyl-methacrylate (PMMA)-Loaded dual-resonator DLSPP waveguide structure that uses two racetrack resonators of 5.5 μm radius and 4 μ m-long straight sections and operates as a passive add/drop filtering element. We derive its frequency-domain transfer function, confirm its add/drop experimental spectral response, and proceed to a circuit-level model for dual-ring DLSPP designs supporting 2 × 2 thermo-optic switch operation. The validity of our circuit-level modeled 2 × 2 thermo-optic switch is verified by means of respective full vectorial three-dimensional Finite Element Method (3D-FEM) simulations. The router setup is completed by means of two 4 × 1 SOI multiplexing circuits, each one employing four cascaded second order micro-ring configurations with 100 GHz spaced resonances. Successful interconnection between the DLSPP switching matrix and the SOI circuitry is performed through a butt-coupling design that, as shown via 3D-FEM analysis, allows for small coupling losses of as low as 2.6 dB. The final router architecture is evaluated through a co-operative simulation environment, demonstrating successful 2 × 2 routing for two incoming 4-wavelength Non-Return-to-Zero (NRZ) optical packet streams with 40 Gb/s line-rates.
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power monitoring in dielectric Loaded Surface plasmon polariton waveguides
Optics Express, 2011Co-Authors: Ashwani Kumar, Jacek Gosciniak, Laurent Markey, Alain Dereux, Thomas Barnebeck Andersen, Sergey I BozhevolnyiAbstract:We report on propagating mode power monitoring in dielectric-Loaded Surface plasmon-polariton waveguides (DLSPPWs) by measuring the resistance of gold stripes supporting the DLSPPW mode propagation. Inevitable absorption of the DLSPPW mode in metal causes an increase in the stripe temperature and, thereby, in its resistance whose variations are monitored with an external Wheatstone bridge being accurately balanced in the absence of radiation in a waveguide. The investigated waveguide configuration consists of a 1-µm-thick and 10-µm-wide polymer ridges tapered laterally to a 1-µm-wide ridge placed on a 50-nm-thin and 4-µm-wide gold stripe, all supported by a magnesium fluoride substrate. Using single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber for in- and out-coupling of radiation, DLSPPW mode power monitoring at telecom wavelengths is realized with the responsivities of up to ~1.8 µV/µW (showing weak wavelength dependence) being evaluated for a bias voltage of 1 V.
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fiber coupled dielectric Loaded plasmonic waveguides
Optics Express, 2010Co-Authors: Jacek Gosciniak, Laurent Markey, Sergey I Bozhevolnyi, S Massenot, Valentyn S Volkov, Alain DereuxAbstract:Fiber in- and out-coupling of radiation guided by dielectric-Loaded Surface plasmon-polariton waveguides (DLSPPWs) is realized using intermediate tapered dielectric waveguides. The waveguide structures fabricated by large-scale UV-lithography consist of 1-microm-thick polymer ridges tapered from 10-microm-wide ridges deposited directly on a magnesium fluoride substrate to 1-microm-wide ridges placed on a 50-nm-thick and 100-microm-wide gold stripe. Using fiber-to-fiber transmission measurements at telecom wavelengths, the performance of straight and bent DLSPPWs is characterized demonstrating the overall insertion loss below 24 dB, half of which is attributed to the DLSPPW loss of propagation over the 100-microm-long distance.
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dielectric Loaded Surface plasmon polariton waveguides on a finite width metal strip
Applied Physics Letters, 2010Co-Authors: Jonathan Grandidier, J C Weeber, Laurent Markey, S Massenot, Colas Des G Francs, Alexandre Bouhelier, Alain DereuxAbstract:We investigate the guiding properties of a dielectric-Loaded Surface plasmon polariton waveguide on a finite-width metal strip. The guided mode is characterized by leakage radiation microscopy for different metal strip widths. We show a strong mode attenuation for metal strip widths below 1.75 μm at telecom wavelength λ=1.55 μm. We estimate the minimal width using numerical methods and propose an original interpretation. Good agreement with the measured data is achieved. The determination of this critical width is a prerequisite for designing miniaturized plasmonics devices.
Jacek Gosciniak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Plasmonic Schottky photodetector with metal stripe embedded into semiconductor and with a CMOS-compatible titanium nitride
Nature Publishing Group, 2019Co-Authors: Jacek Gosciniak, Fatih B. Atar, Brian Corbett, Mahmoud RasrasAbstract:Abstract Here we propose an original waveguide-integrated plasmonic Schottky photodetector that takes full advantage of a thin metal stripe embedded entirely into a semiconductor. The photodetector is based on the long-range dielectric-Loaded Surface plasmon polariton waveguide with a metal stripe deposited on top of a semiconductor rib and covered by another semiconductor. As the metal stripe is entirely surrounded by semiconductor, all hot electrons with appropriate k-vectors can participate in transitions that highly enhances the electron transfer, and consequently the internal quantum efficiency. In addition, a high coupling efficiency from the photonic waveguide to the photodetector is simulated exceeding 90 % which enhances the external quantum efficiency. Calculations show that a responsivity exceeding 0.5 A/W can be achieved at telecom wavelength of 1550 nm and the bandwidth can exceed 100 GHz. Furthermore, it is shown that titanium nitride is a perfect material for the photodetector as it provides a low Fermi energy and long electron mean free path that enhance the hot electron transfer to the semiconductor. In addition, it shows reasonable metallic behavior and CMOS compatibility. Measurements showed that the Schottky barrier height between titanium nitride and p-doped silicon reaches 0.69–0.70 eV that matches the optimum signal-to-noise ratio operation calculated at 0.697 eV
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performance of thermo optic components based on dielectric Loaded Surface plasmon polariton waveguides
Scientific Reports, 2013Co-Authors: Jacek Gosciniak, Sergey I BozhevolnyiAbstract:Performance of thermo-optic components based on dielectric-Loaded Surface plasmon polariton waveguides
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long range dielectric Loaded Surface plasmon polariton waveguides operating at telecommunication wavelengths
Optics Letters, 2011Co-Authors: Valentyn S Volkov, Jacek Gosciniak, Michael Grondahl Nielsen, Kristjan Leosson, Hamid Keshmiri, Ole Albrektsen, Sergey I BozhevolnyiAbstract:We report on the realization of long-range dielectric-Loaded Surface plasmon polariton waveguides (LR-DLSPPWs) consisting of straight and bent subwavelength dielectric ridges deposited on thin and narrow metal stripes supported by a dielectric buffer layer covering a low-index substrate. Using imaging with a near-field optical microscope and end-fire coupling with a tapered fiber connected to a tunable laser at telecommunication wavelengths (1425–1545 nm), we demonstrate low-loss (propagation length ∼500 μm) and well-confined (mode width ∼1 μm) LR-DLSPPW mode guiding and determine the propagation and bend loss.
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theoretical analysis of long range dielectric Loaded Surface plasmon polariton waveguides
Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Jacek Gosciniak, Tobias Holmgaard, Sergey I BozhevolnyiAbstract:A structure for guiding Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) over millimeter distances with tight mode confinement is presented and analyzed in detail using the finite element method. The proposed long-range plasmonic waveguide consists of a dielectric ridge deposited on a narrow metal stripe supported by a dielectric buffer layer covering a low-index substrate. It is shown that such an asymmetric waveguide structure can be designed to support a long-range symmetric SPP mode, featuring a propagation length of ≈ 3.1 mm and lateral mode width of ≈ 1.6nμ m at telecom wavelengths of ~ 1.55 μm. Our analysis covers a broad spectrum of parameters: ridge dimensions, buffer layer parameters (refractive index and thickness), as well as metal stripe width, considering in detail the underlying mechanisms of SPP waveguiding in this configuration. The suggested configuration offers easy connection to electrodes enabling, e.g., thermo-optic or electro-optic control, and is technologically simple, making fabrication possible using only a few lithography steps. Additionally, a new figure of merit is introduced, which is related to a number of plasmonic components allowed for a given mode confinement and propagation loss, aiming thereby at the evaluation of the application potential of plasmonic waveguides.
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power monitoring in dielectric Loaded Surface plasmon polariton waveguides
Optics Express, 2011Co-Authors: Ashwani Kumar, Jacek Gosciniak, Laurent Markey, Alain Dereux, Thomas Barnebeck Andersen, Sergey I BozhevolnyiAbstract:We report on propagating mode power monitoring in dielectric-Loaded Surface plasmon-polariton waveguides (DLSPPWs) by measuring the resistance of gold stripes supporting the DLSPPW mode propagation. Inevitable absorption of the DLSPPW mode in metal causes an increase in the stripe temperature and, thereby, in its resistance whose variations are monitored with an external Wheatstone bridge being accurately balanced in the absence of radiation in a waveguide. The investigated waveguide configuration consists of a 1-µm-thick and 10-µm-wide polymer ridges tapered laterally to a 1-µm-wide ridge placed on a 50-nm-thin and 4-µm-wide gold stripe, all supported by a magnesium fluoride substrate. Using single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber for in- and out-coupling of radiation, DLSPPW mode power monitoring at telecom wavelengths is realized with the responsivities of up to ~1.8 µV/µW (showing weak wavelength dependence) being evaluated for a bias voltage of 1 V.