The Experts below are selected from a list of 6 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Olga Michel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Protrusive and retractive structures formed during cell migration
    Index Copernicus International S.A., 2018
    Co-Authors: Aleksandra Kuzan, Olga Michel
    Abstract:

    Cell migration is essential to many physiological processes; however, it is also a cause of cancer metastasis formation and other pathological phenomena. Due to structural and functional variety of cells, a variety of structures formed by the cell membrane, which are designed to initiate or maintain cell movement, are observed. The work describes 12 such structures: lamellipodium, lamellum, filopodium, microspikes, blebs, Lobopodium, invadopodium, podosomes, dorsal and peripheral ruffles, pseudopodium and uropodium. We described a characteristics of the structure, mechanism of its formation and occurrence. The key structural protein of almost all of these structures is actin, its polymerization pushes the cell membrane in the direction of movement. Formation of a specific protrusion depends on the actin binding proteins which regulate the process of G actin association to the filaments. For example, Arp2/3 determines the formation of branched filaments, which results in the formation of wide, flat lamellipodium, and fascin enables the formation of long bundles, which results in filopodia formation. On the other hand, there is also an actin-independent way of movement, called amoeboid, in which myosin plays a central role and on the cell surface appear vesicular structures called blebs. Some structures are associated with proteolytic activity, particularly invadopodia and podosomes, through which the cells can degrade extracellular matrix and penetrate deeper into the tissues. These structures not only allow the extension of the cell body to enable migration, but they can also be involved in the environment perception, serve as mechanosensors and interact with other cells. The control of the formation of protrusive structures is of great importance in oncology, immunology and cardiovascular medicine

Aleksandra Kuzan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Protrusive and retractive structures formed during cell migration
    Index Copernicus International S.A., 2018
    Co-Authors: Aleksandra Kuzan, Olga Michel
    Abstract:

    Cell migration is essential to many physiological processes; however, it is also a cause of cancer metastasis formation and other pathological phenomena. Due to structural and functional variety of cells, a variety of structures formed by the cell membrane, which are designed to initiate or maintain cell movement, are observed. The work describes 12 such structures: lamellipodium, lamellum, filopodium, microspikes, blebs, Lobopodium, invadopodium, podosomes, dorsal and peripheral ruffles, pseudopodium and uropodium. We described a characteristics of the structure, mechanism of its formation and occurrence. The key structural protein of almost all of these structures is actin, its polymerization pushes the cell membrane in the direction of movement. Formation of a specific protrusion depends on the actin binding proteins which regulate the process of G actin association to the filaments. For example, Arp2/3 determines the formation of branched filaments, which results in the formation of wide, flat lamellipodium, and fascin enables the formation of long bundles, which results in filopodia formation. On the other hand, there is also an actin-independent way of movement, called amoeboid, in which myosin plays a central role and on the cell surface appear vesicular structures called blebs. Some structures are associated with proteolytic activity, particularly invadopodia and podosomes, through which the cells can degrade extracellular matrix and penetrate deeper into the tissues. These structures not only allow the extension of the cell body to enable migration, but they can also be involved in the environment perception, serve as mechanosensors and interact with other cells. The control of the formation of protrusive structures is of great importance in oncology, immunology and cardiovascular medicine

Oryzias Latipes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Printed in Great Britain STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF CIRCUS MOVEMENT IN DISSOCIATED EMBRYONIC
    2015
    Co-Authors: A Teleost, Oryzias Latipes
    Abstract:

    The fine structure of lobopodia in dissociated embryonic cells of the freshwater fish, Orysias latipes, was observed with the electron microscope in order to understand the mechanism of the circus movements which they display. Dense material (granular or fibrillar) is present in the zone between the Lobopodium and the endoplasm, as well as in the cortical layer around the cell circumference. The direction of lobopodial movement is related to the distribution of this dense material. The band between the Lobopodium and the endoplasm is conspicuous and is connected to the cortical dense layer around the cell periphery at the advancing front of the Lobopodium, while the dense material is usually almost absent beneath the cell membrane in the anterior region of the Lobopodium. The band between Lobopodium and endoplasm is blurred or disrupted near the hind end of the Lobopodium, where the peripheral dense layer is well developed. In situ localization of actin/heavy meromyosin complexes in the cell showed that the dense material has actin-like properties. Cytochalasin B (05 /tg/ml) induced constriction of the neck of the bleb, shrinkage of the endoplasm, and herniation of the endoplasmic contents to the enlarged hemispherical bleb, and thus arrested the circus movement. On the basis of these results, an hypothesis concerning the mechanism of circus movement is proposed and discussed

A Teleost - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Printed in Great Britain STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF CIRCUS MOVEMENT IN DISSOCIATED EMBRYONIC
    2015
    Co-Authors: A Teleost, Oryzias Latipes
    Abstract:

    The fine structure of lobopodia in dissociated embryonic cells of the freshwater fish, Orysias latipes, was observed with the electron microscope in order to understand the mechanism of the circus movements which they display. Dense material (granular or fibrillar) is present in the zone between the Lobopodium and the endoplasm, as well as in the cortical layer around the cell circumference. The direction of lobopodial movement is related to the distribution of this dense material. The band between the Lobopodium and the endoplasm is conspicuous and is connected to the cortical dense layer around the cell periphery at the advancing front of the Lobopodium, while the dense material is usually almost absent beneath the cell membrane in the anterior region of the Lobopodium. The band between Lobopodium and endoplasm is blurred or disrupted near the hind end of the Lobopodium, where the peripheral dense layer is well developed. In situ localization of actin/heavy meromyosin complexes in the cell showed that the dense material has actin-like properties. Cytochalasin B (05 /tg/ml) induced constriction of the neck of the bleb, shrinkage of the endoplasm, and herniation of the endoplasmic contents to the enlarged hemispherical bleb, and thus arrested the circus movement. On the basis of these results, an hypothesis concerning the mechanism of circus movement is proposed and discussed