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Caleb Gardner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Supply risk of bait in Australia's southern rock Lobster Fishery
Marine Policy, 2019Co-Authors: Justin R. Rizzari, Caleb GardnerAbstract:Bait is an often-overlooked component in studies addressing operational and ecological risks in commercial fishing. One of the most valued fisheries in Australia, the Southern Rock Lobster Fishery, lacked analysis of bait use, which is relevant to both assessing ecological interactions of the Fishery and also concerns around future supply. We conducted a survey to determine what species are predominantly being used as bait, assessed these species' sustainability status, and explored any risks around future supply. We found that fishers preferred a limited number of bait species and that some were being sourced from fisheries with an ‘unknown’ sustainability status, and many fishers were concerned about future bait supply. Insecurity of existing supply means that other bait options need to be explored. Furthermore, ongoing monitoring of species being used for bait would assist any future third party sustainability accreditation.
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Excess capacity and efficiency in the quota managed Tasmanian Rock Lobster Fishery
Marine Policy, 2017Co-Authors: Steven Rust, Timothy J. Emery, Sarah Jennings, Satoshi Yamazaki, Caleb GardnerAbstract:Excess capacity is a major concern for fisheries management worldwide. It is often argued that Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ) systems will enhance efficiency and alleviate problems of excess capacity. While improvements in efficiency have been observed, most empirical studies have found only modest changes in excess capacity as a result of such systems. Using a database of compulsory log-book information for the Tasmanian Rock Lobster Fishery in Australia, from January 2000 to December 2013, this study presents the first analysis to investigate the dynamic behaviour of both excess capacity and efficiency (i.e. technical and scale efficiency) in an industrialised fleet after the introduction of quota management. The analysis revealed weak evidence for a prolonged adjustment in the Fishery following the introduction of an ITQ system. In addition, no marked changes in excess capacity were observed over the study period; and furthermore, there was no evidence for an increase in excess capacity during a period of non-binding Total Allowable Catch (TAC) when race to fish behaviour increased in the Fishery. The results suggest a limited ability of the ITQ system to alleviate levels of excess capacity in fisheries in the long-term.
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Changes in the lease and permanent sale quota markets of a rock Lobster Fishery in response to stock abundance
Ices Journal of Marine Science, 2015Co-Authors: Rafael León, Caleb Gardner, Ingrid Van Putten, Klaas HartmannAbstract:Effective individual transferable quotas (ITQ) systems rebuild stocks and allow transfer of quotas to more efficient operators. This process requires functional markets for both quota sales and temporary quota leases. These markets are expected to respond to changes in economic rent from the Fishery, which is influenced by stock abundance and the international rock Lobster price. This research used multistate Markov modelling and Granger causality test to examine changes in the permanent and temporary quota trade in the Tasmanian rock Lobster Fishery quota market, during periods of both increasing and decreasing stock abundance. The permanent quota trade market was more active during the period of stock growth, while the quota lease market was active in both periods of stock growth and decline. In contrast to theoretical trends in ITQ fisheries, trades in both markets were not linked to the technical efficiency (i.e. catching capability) of operators, but were more driven by the quota owners' financial capacity (i.e. number of owned quotas). Prolonged and unexpected stock decline affected the quota market so that it deviated from the theoretical pattern of ITQ fisheries. Operators previously active in the market reduced their activity, while smaller operators and firms that previously had not traded became more active, so the fleet expanded with smaller operators entering.
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Comparing size-limit and quota policies to increase economic yield in a Lobster Fishery
Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2015Co-Authors: Richard Mcgarvey, Caleb Gardner, André E. Punt, Janet M Matthews, John E Feenstra, P Burch, Klaas Hartmann, Adrian LinnaneAbstract:To advance economic and sustainability objectives in a Lobster Fishery, four broadly different management policies were evaluated: minimum and maximum size limits, constant catch quotas, and quota set yearly in proportion to the previous year’s catch per unit effort (CPUE). The performance of each policy was evaluated based on its discounted economic yield, together with egg production, catch, and catch stability. Maximum size limits performed poorly for all indicators. Raising the minimum size increased economic yield by improving yield-per-recruit. Output controls, both constant and dynamic, uniformly outperformed size limits, leading to substantially higher economic yield and egg production. A dynamic harvest control rule, setting quota in proportion to the previous year’s catch rate, achieved the highest economic yield, catch, and egg production over 20 years. The optimal (30%) exploitation rate under this policy produced a 182% improvement in economic yield compared with a baseline strategy of only m...
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An economic evaluation of management strategies for the Tasmanian Rock Lobster Fishery
2012Co-Authors: Caleb GardnerAbstract:This thesis summarises research on the use of economic approaches in management decision making in the Tasmanian rock Lobster Fishery. Lobster fisheries globally tend to be well researched and data-rich yet economics is not widely integrated in the management process. This is surprising given that they supply a luxury food market and the entire supply chain is focussed on economic benefit. Lobster fisheries also tend be resilient to recruitment overfishing (Pollock, 1993), which means the basic management objective of biological sustainability tends to be easily met so there is scope to consider other goals of management. The use of economics in Lobster Fishery management is reviewed for fisheries globally. In some Lobster fisheries, economic benefit is formally measured and reported as "sustainable economic yield", which is the long-run, sustainable revenue from harvests minus the costs of harvesting. Reporting of economic yield does not always imply the use of this data in management decision processes, however there are cases where maximum economic yield (MEY) is used as a formal target including in Australian and New Zealand fisheries for Panulirus cygnus, P. ornatus and Jasus edwardsii. Bioeconomic models that combine stock, cost and price information are now being used in Lobster fisheries including P. interruptus, P. argus, P. cygnus, J. edwardsii and Homarus americanus to evaluate regulations such as catch limits, season length, gear limits, and type. Economic theory has also been influential in the evolution of management systems used to constrain catch, in particular through the increased use of market-based and rights-based systems. These systems aim to provide incentives and mechanisms for the transfer of catch to more efficient operators and reward for conservative stock management that protects future harvests. Economic approaches can be used to resolve resource sharing issues in Lobster fisheries with most research dealing with recreational and commercial interactions. A bioeconomic analysis of the Tasmanian rock Lobster Jasus edwardsii Fishery was conducted using a length- and sex-based model. The model was spatially and temporally structured to account for differences in costs of fishing and price. The analysis concluded that the current total allowable commercial catch (TACC) was too high to maximise economic yield and left the industry vulnerable to temporal changes in productivity. Alternative pathways to lower TACCs were explored but although these affected economic yield, differences were minor. Despite operating under ITQ management for over a decade, 5 the presence of tradeable catch shares was insufficient for industry to motivate changes in the TACC to target MEY. Industry and government were motivated to exercise stewardship, in terms of acting to prevent stock collapse, but were reluctant to accept that economic yield and asset values could increase with lower catches. This bioeconomic analysis of different harvest strategies proved valuable in this debate, demonstrating a need for formal economic analysis as part of the suite of information used for setting TACCs even with the incentives provided by ITQs. The bioeconomic modeling approach was also used to examine the feasibility of a novel approach to increase productivity in the Tasmanian rock Lobster Fishery, which was to translocate Lobsters from slow growth areas to faster growth areas. Change in stocks in response to translocation was assessed in comparison to the change in TACC that would be required to produce the same effect. These operations appeared viable with strongly positive net present value. When combined with quota management, a translocation of 100,000 Lobsters per annum improved most performance measures on a similar scale as would be achieved by a reduction in the total allowable catch of around 10%. This conclusion held broadly across total biomass, legal sized biomass, biomass of large Lobsters (>145 mm CL), catch rates and egg production. Economic outcomes were summarised using the discounted cash flow method. Market capitalization of quota units was currently estimated at $210 million (10507 units @ $20,000). Ongoing translocations would be expected to increase catch rates so that costs would decline for the same revenue. The discounted cash flow effect of this change on market capitalisation was estimated at an increase of $47.4 million ($4515 per unit). The research presented here led to management reform in the Tasmanian rock Lobster Fishery. New performance measures and target reference points were developed and adopted by Government, which now target MEY. The industry voted for lower TACCs on the basis of the bioeconomic model outputs presented here and by March 2012 had led to recovery in catch rates, increase in quota lease price, and increase in quota asset values ($84 million increase in market capitalisation). Translocation has been adopted for a commercial scale trial (100,000 Lobsters per annum) with the first release occurring in February 2012. This was funded by industry through a voluntary increase in their license fee, in response to the research presented here. 6 Feng, M., Caputi, N., Penn, J., Slawinski, D., de Lestang, S., Weller, E., & Pearce, A. (2011). Ocean circulation, stokes drift, and connectivity of western rock Lobster (panulirus cygnus) population. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 68(7), 1182-1196. Pollock, D. E. (1993). Recruitment overfishing and resilience in spiny Lobster populations. ICES Journal of Marine Science.London, 50(1), 9-14.
Matt Bradshaw - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A combination of state and market through ITQs in the Tasmanian commercial rock Lobster Fishery: the tail wagging the dog?
Fisheries Research, 2004Co-Authors: Matt BradshawAbstract:Abstract Planning for macro-scale issues such as sustainability is often the responsibility of the state. The market, on the other hand, is the sphere in which rights-based exchanges are coordinated between at times hundreds of agents through the mechanism of price. Few fisheries, however, are entirely state planned or market coordinated, but are a combination of both. This paper draws on a 2-year social impact assessment of the introduction of individual transferable quotas (ITQs) in the Tasmanian commercial rock Lobster Fishery in Australia. This introduction was grafted onto technical conservation measures and input restrictions that stretched back over more than 100 years. The principal lesson to be learnt from the Tasmanian case is that ownership and transferability of entitlements require careful consideration concerning the social character of the Fishery as well as the state’s stake in the Fishery. In managing a Fishery using ITQs, the state risks giving up too much power to the market as legally strong individual private access rights-holders can act as an impediment to responsible planning at the Fishery-wide scale.
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An Interdisciplinary Combination of Qualitative and Quantitative Research on the ‘Skipper Effect’ in the Tasmanian Commercial Rock Lobster Fishery
New Zealand Geographer, 2003Co-Authors: Matt Bradshaw, Linda EatonAbstract:In this paper we report on a collaborative inquiry involving a human geographer and a mathematician-cum-data modeller. Our example is the existence and nature of a possible ‘skipper effect’ in the Tasmanian commercial rock Lobster Fishery. The term ‘skipper effect’ is used to describe the supposedly variable contribution of boats' skippers to catch. Following an introduction of the Fishery and an outline of our research, we briefly introduce the skipper effect. We also discuss an approach to conceptualising knowledge before moving to our case study which we treat both qualitatively and quantitatively. Possible implications of the combination of qualitative and quantitative research for Fishery management are also presented. In so doing, we relate a piece of work that is both multi-method and multi-disciplinary.
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Zoning and the Tasmanian commercial rock Lobster Fishery
Local Environment, 2003Co-Authors: Matt Bradshaw, Lj WoodAbstract:In this paper, the island of Tasmania is considered as a government jurisdiction. Management at this scale can conflict with sustainability in local environments. The case used to make this argument is the Tasmanian commercial rock Lobster Fishery. Within this Fishery, Tasmania-wide management paradoxically intensifies differences at the same time as it effaces them. These differences contrast with Tasmania-wide management claims regarding sustainability. Actor–network theory is used to help approach these tensions. Zoning the Fishery is put forward as a way to take into account differences to produce sustainable local outcomes.
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From Input Controls to Quota Management in the Tasmanian Rock Lobster Fishery
New Zealand Geographer, 2000Co-Authors: Matt Bradshaw, S Williamson, Lj WoodAbstract:In an effort to control escalating fishing effort, a quota management system (QMS) of individual transferable quotas (ITQs) has recently been introduced in the Tasmanian rock Lobster Fishery. We outline and compare the input controls system in place before the introduction of a QMS, and we discuss the operation of the QMS to the end of its first full season in February 1999. We find cautiously for a successful introduction of a QMS as catch, effort and catch rate data tend towards what Fishery managers believe to be bio economically sustainable levels.
Nicholas J. Gales - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mitigation of incidental mortality of Australian sea lions in the west coast rock Lobster Fishery
Endangered Species Research, 2008Co-Authors: Richard Campbell, David Holley, Dimitrios Christianopoulos, Nick Caputi, Nicholas J. GalesAbstract:The Australian sea lion is a listed threatened species under Australian Commonwealth legislation, based on limited population size and the likelihood of further declines in population abundance. Incidental mortality of this species in the west coast rock Lobster Fishery was identified as a key threat to the distinct sub-population of about 700 ind. on the west coast of Australia. Reports of incidental mortalities in this Fishery from a variety of Fishery-dependent sources suggested that a minimum of 4 to 5 mortalities occur every fishing season. All reported captures were in shallow waters (
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mitigation of incidental mortality of australian sea lions in the west coast rock Lobster Fishery
Endangered Species Research, 2008Co-Authors: Richard Campbell, David Holley, Dimitrios Christianopoulos, Nick Caputi, Nicholas J. GalesAbstract:The Australian sea lion is a listed threatened species under Australian Commonwealth legislation, based on limited population size and the likelihood of further declines in population abundance. Incidental mortality of this species in the west coast rock Lobster Fishery was identified as a key threat to the distinct sub-population of about 700 ind. on the west coast of Australia. Reports of incidental mortalities in this Fishery from a variety of Fishery-dependent sources suggested that a minimum of 4 to 5 mortalities occur every fishing season. All reported captures were in shallow waters (<20 m) and within 30 km of a breeding colony. Foraging ranges of vulnerable-sized animals were confirmed by use of satellite-linked transmitters and time-depth recorders. Mitigation of this incidental mortality was effected by means of modifying the Lobster pots with a sea lion exclusion device within the area of known interaction. The mandatory implementation of this programme resulted in a very high compliance rate (95%) in the first season and was achieved through active consultation and involvement of the industry, and of Fishery and wildlife managers.
Lj Wood - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Zoning and the Tasmanian commercial rock Lobster Fishery
Local Environment, 2003Co-Authors: Matt Bradshaw, Lj WoodAbstract:In this paper, the island of Tasmania is considered as a government jurisdiction. Management at this scale can conflict with sustainability in local environments. The case used to make this argument is the Tasmanian commercial rock Lobster Fishery. Within this Fishery, Tasmania-wide management paradoxically intensifies differences at the same time as it effaces them. These differences contrast with Tasmania-wide management claims regarding sustainability. Actor–network theory is used to help approach these tensions. Zoning the Fishery is put forward as a way to take into account differences to produce sustainable local outcomes.
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From Input Controls to Quota Management in the Tasmanian Rock Lobster Fishery
New Zealand Geographer, 2000Co-Authors: Matt Bradshaw, S Williamson, Lj WoodAbstract:In an effort to control escalating fishing effort, a quota management system (QMS) of individual transferable quotas (ITQs) has recently been introduced in the Tasmanian rock Lobster Fishery. We outline and compare the input controls system in place before the introduction of a QMS, and we discuss the operation of the QMS to the end of its first full season in February 1999. We find cautiously for a successful introduction of a QMS as catch, effort and catch rate data tend towards what Fishery managers believe to be bio economically sustainable levels.
Nick Caputi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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What caused seven consecutive years of low puerulus settlement in the western rock Lobster Fishery of Western Australia
Ices Journal of Marine Science, 2014Co-Authors: Simon De Lestang, Nick Caputi, Ming Feng, Ainslie Denham, James Penn, Dirk Slawinski, Alan PearceAbstract:Abstract Puerulus settlement in the western rock Lobster Fishery has remained below average for seven consecutive years (2006/2007–2012/2013), with 2008/2009 being the lowest in over 40 years. Examination of the timing of the start of spawning using Fishery-independent data since the mid-2000s indicated that spawning has been occurring earlier. The low settlement appears related to higher water temperatures at the time of the onset of spawning (October) since the mid-2000s. Statistical analysis shows that the most (71%) of the variation in puerulus settlement was explained by the timing of spawning, storm activity during autumn/spring, and offshore water temperatures in February. Earlier spawning may cause a mismatch with other environmental factors such as peaks in ocean productivity and/or storms that assist the larvae return to the coast and offshore water temperatures that help the early stage larval growth. These variables produced a plausible hypothesis to explain the decline in puerulus settlement for these 7 years, including the recruitment failure of 2008/2009. They also predicted the substantial improvement in settlement for 2013/2014. Egg production levels did not to have a significant relationship with puerulus settlement levels after taking environmental variables into account. Further verification with additional years is required to see whether this relationship is maintained. Global climate change may influence these environmental factors: the timing of spawning is influenced by water temperature and there has been a reduced trend of autumn to spring storms off southwest Australia.
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Mitigation of incidental mortality of Australian sea lions in the west coast rock Lobster Fishery
Endangered Species Research, 2008Co-Authors: Richard Campbell, David Holley, Dimitrios Christianopoulos, Nick Caputi, Nicholas J. GalesAbstract:The Australian sea lion is a listed threatened species under Australian Commonwealth legislation, based on limited population size and the likelihood of further declines in population abundance. Incidental mortality of this species in the west coast rock Lobster Fishery was identified as a key threat to the distinct sub-population of about 700 ind. on the west coast of Australia. Reports of incidental mortalities in this Fishery from a variety of Fishery-dependent sources suggested that a minimum of 4 to 5 mortalities occur every fishing season. All reported captures were in shallow waters (
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mitigation of incidental mortality of australian sea lions in the west coast rock Lobster Fishery
Endangered Species Research, 2008Co-Authors: Richard Campbell, David Holley, Dimitrios Christianopoulos, Nick Caputi, Nicholas J. GalesAbstract:The Australian sea lion is a listed threatened species under Australian Commonwealth legislation, based on limited population size and the likelihood of further declines in population abundance. Incidental mortality of this species in the west coast rock Lobster Fishery was identified as a key threat to the distinct sub-population of about 700 ind. on the west coast of Australia. Reports of incidental mortalities in this Fishery from a variety of Fishery-dependent sources suggested that a minimum of 4 to 5 mortalities occur every fishing season. All reported captures were in shallow waters (<20 m) and within 30 km of a breeding colony. Foraging ranges of vulnerable-sized animals were confirmed by use of satellite-linked transmitters and time-depth recorders. Mitigation of this incidental mortality was effected by means of modifying the Lobster pots with a sea lion exclusion device within the area of known interaction. The mandatory implementation of this programme resulted in a very high compliance rate (95%) in the first season and was achieved through active consultation and involvement of the industry, and of Fishery and wildlife managers.