The Experts below are selected from a list of 50673 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Mark F Haussmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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voluntary Locomotor Activity mitigates oxidative damage associated with isolation stress in the prairie vole microtus ochrogaster
Biology Letters, 2015Co-Authors: Kelsey L Fletcher, Brittany N Whitley, Lisa A Treidel, David Thompson, Annie Williams, Jose C Noguera, Jennie R Stevenson, Mark F HaussmannAbstract:Organismal performance directly depends on an individual's ability to cope with a wide array of physiological challenges. For social animals, social isolation is a stressor that has been shown to increase oxidative stress. Another physiological challenge, routine Locomotor Activity, has been found to decrease oxidative stress levels. Because we currently do not have a good understanding of how diverse physiological systems like stress and locomotion interact to affect oxidative balance, we studied this interaction in the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster). Voles were either pair housed or isolated and within the isolation group, voles either had access to a moving wheel or a stationary wheel. We found that chronic periodic isolation caused increased levels of oxidative stress. However, within the vole group that was able to run voluntarily, longer durations of Locomotor Activity were associated with less oxidative stress. Our work suggests that individuals who demonstrate increased Locomotor Activity may be better able to cope with the social stressor of isolation.
Maria K Oosthuizen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Locomotor Activity and body temperature patterns over a temperature gradient in the highveld mole rat cryptomys hottentotus pretoriae
PLOS ONE, 2017Co-Authors: Meghan Haupt, Nigel C Bennett, Maria K OosthuizenAbstract:African mole-rats are strictly subterranean mammals that live in extensive burrow systems. High humidity levels in the burrows prevent mole-rats from thermoregulating using evaporative cooling. However, the relatively stable environment of the burrows promotes moderate temperatures and small daily temperature fluctuations. Mole-rats therefore display a relatively wide range of thermoregulation abilities. Some species cannot maintain their body temperatures at a constant level, whereas others employ behavioural thermoregulation. Here we test the effect of ambient temperature on Locomotor Activity and body temperature, and the relationship between the two parameters, in the highveld mole-rat. We exposed mole-rats to a 12L:12D and a DD light cycle at ambient temperatures of 30°C, 25°C and 20°C while Locomotor Activity and body temperature were measured simultaneously. In addition, we investigated the endogenous rhythms of Locomotor Activity and body temperature at different ambient temperatures. Mole-rats displayed nocturnal Activity at all three ambient temperatures and were most active at 20°C, but least active at 30°C. Body temperature was highest at 30°C and lowest at 20°C, and the daily cycle was highly correlated with Locomotor Activity. We show that the mole-rats have endogenous rhythms for both Locomotor Activity and body temperature. However, the endogenous body temperature rhythm appears to be less robust compared to the Locomotor Activity rhythm. Female mole-rats appear to be more sensitive to temperature changes than males, increased heterothermy is evident at lower ambient temperatures, whilst males show smaller variation in their body temperatures with changing ambient temperatures. Mole-rats may rely more heavily on behavioural thermoregulation as it is more energy efficient in an already challenging environment.
Carlos M G Aragon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of cyanamide and 4 methylpyrazole on the ethanol induced Locomotor Activity in mice
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 2002Co-Authors: Dolores M Escarabajal, Carlos M G AragonAbstract:To assess the role of cyanamide and 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP) in mediating ethanol-induced Locomotor Activity in mice, they were pretreated with cyanamide (12.5, 25, or 50 g/kg) prior to one ethanol injection (2.4 g/kg) and showed significantly depressed Locomotor Activity compared with control groups. Cyanamide (25 mg/kg) also cancelled out the biphasic action of ethanol (0, 0.8, 1.6, 2.4, 3.2, or 4 g/kg) on Locomotor Activity. The action of cyanamide and 4-MP in combined administration was also tested. Our data show that pretreatment with 4-MP alone does not change the spontaneous or ethanol-induced Locomotor Activity. Conversely, when mice were pretreated with cyanamide and 4-MP, the depressive effect of cyanamide on the Locomotor Activity induced by ethanol disappeared, and the Locomotor Activity rose to levels similar to those of the control group, recovering the biphasic ethanol effect. These effects cannot be attributed to peripheral elevated blood acetaldehyde levels, as pretreatment with 4-MP prevents accumulation of acetaldehyde. These data might suggest some influence of brain catalase and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) on the effects of ethanol.
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concurrent administration of diethyldithiocarbamate and 4 methylpyrazole enhances ethanol induced Locomotor Activity the role of brain aldh
Psychopharmacology, 2002Co-Authors: Dolores M Escarabajal, Carlos M G AragonAbstract:Rationale: It has been proposed that brain aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) plays a role in the modulation of some psychopharmacological effects of ethanol. Diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC), an ALDH inhibitor, elevates blood acetaldehyde levels in the presence of ethanol. Concurrent administration with 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP), an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor, prevents peripheral accumulation of acetaldehyde by DDTC. Objective: To investigate the effects of concurrent DDTC and 4-MP administration on ethanol-induced Locomotor Activity in mice. Methods: Mice were pretreated IP with saline (S+S) or 4-MP (10 mg/kg) (S+4-MP), then received IP injections of ethanol (0, 0.8, 1.6, 2.4, 3.2 and 4 g/kg) prior to testing in the open field. Results: Pretreatment with 4-MP does not modify the spontaneous or ethanol-induced Locomotor Activity. In the second experiment, the DDTC (114, 228 and 456 mg/kg) and 4-MP (DDTC+4-MP) were administered 8 h prior to testing Locomotor Activity in the open field. Animals were then treated with ethanol (0, 0.8, 1.6, 2.4, 3.2 and 4 g/kg), and placed in open field chambers. The Locomotor Activity of animals pretreated with DDTC and 4-MP was significantly enhanced here compared to groups S+S and S+4-MP. These effects cannot be attributed to elevated blood acetaldehyde levels, as pretreatment with 4-MP prevented peripheral accumulation of acetaldehyde. Conclusions: These data suggest that brain ALDH may contribute to the effects of ethanol on Locomotor Activity. This role of the enzyme ALDH in some of the psychopharmacological effects of ethanol may be a result of its ability to regulate levels of acetaldehyde in brain.
Kelsey L Fletcher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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voluntary Locomotor Activity mitigates oxidative damage associated with isolation stress in the prairie vole microtus ochrogaster
Biology Letters, 2015Co-Authors: Kelsey L Fletcher, Brittany N Whitley, Lisa A Treidel, David Thompson, Annie Williams, Jose C Noguera, Jennie R Stevenson, Mark F HaussmannAbstract:Organismal performance directly depends on an individual's ability to cope with a wide array of physiological challenges. For social animals, social isolation is a stressor that has been shown to increase oxidative stress. Another physiological challenge, routine Locomotor Activity, has been found to decrease oxidative stress levels. Because we currently do not have a good understanding of how diverse physiological systems like stress and locomotion interact to affect oxidative balance, we studied this interaction in the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster). Voles were either pair housed or isolated and within the isolation group, voles either had access to a moving wheel or a stationary wheel. We found that chronic periodic isolation caused increased levels of oxidative stress. However, within the vole group that was able to run voluntarily, longer durations of Locomotor Activity were associated with less oxidative stress. Our work suggests that individuals who demonstrate increased Locomotor Activity may be better able to cope with the social stressor of isolation.
F J Sanchezvazquez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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demand feeding rhythms and feeding entrainment of Locomotor Activity rhythms in tench tinca tinca
Physiology & Behavior, 2005Co-Authors: Maria Jesus Herrero, J A Madrid, M Pascual, F J SanchezvazquezAbstract:Tench (Tinca tinca) has been described as a strictly nocturnal species whose Locomotor Activity rhythms, albeit strongly synchronised by light, have an endogenous nature. Aside from light, a number of other environmental factors, such as mealtime, can act as circadian system synchronisers in fish; however, there is a scarcity of information on tench feeding rhythms. This study describes daily self-feeding rhythms in tench, and analyses the role of feeding time on synchronisation of Locomotor Activity rhythms. Tench were able to operate string sensor-activated self-feeders, and they displayed a strictly nocturnal behavior, both under indoor and outdoor conditions. Locomotor Activity remained strictly nocturnal irrespective of whether tench were fed only during the scotophase (D-feeding) or the photophase (L-feeding). However, no statistically significant differences were detected between both groups in terms of food intake or growth performance. Furthermore, unlike L-feeding, D-feeding elicited a clear anticipatory Activity (FAA). When tench were given the possibility of feeding at both times of the day, they showed a clear preference for D-feeding. Finally, in fish exposed to constant darkness (DD), feeding time acted as a true zeitgeber and FAA was observed. When animals were fasted under DD conditions, Locomotor Activity free-run and 6 out of 12 individuals yielded significant results in the periodogram analysis. Under DD, fish resynchronised when regular food was resumed, with some tench displaying FAA. The obtained results indicated the existence of a feeding-entrainable oscillator (FEO) in tench.
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daily Locomotor Activity and melatonin rhythms in senegal sole solea senegalensis
Physiology & Behavior, 2004Co-Authors: M J Bayarri, Jose Antonio Munozcueto, Jose Fernando Lopezolmeda, Luisa Vera, Rol M De Lama, J A Madrid, F J SanchezvazquezAbstract:Abstract The daily Locomotor and melatonin rhythms of the Senegal sole, a benthonic species of increasing interest in aquaculture, are still unknown, despite the fact that such knowledge is of prime importance for optimising its production. The aim of the present research was therefore to investigate the daily rhythms of Locomotor Activity and melatonin in the Senegal sole. For this purpose, the individual Locomotor Activity rhythms of fish were registered using a photocell. Plasma and ocular melatonin rhythms were studied in animals reared in circular tanks placed in earth under an LD 12:12 light regime and 16–18 °C temperature range (spring equinox). Blood and eye samples were taken every 3 h during a complete 24-h cycle. The impact of a light pulse in the middle of the dark period (MD) on plasma melatonin was also studied. Locomotor Activity was mainly nocturnal, with 84.3% of the total Activity occurring during darkness. The levels of plasma melatonin were higher at night (55 pg/ml) than during the day (2 pg/ml), while ocular melatonin levels appeared to be arrhythmic. Both weight and melatonin content were found to be significantly higher in the left eye in relation to the right eye. A light pulse in MD provoked a significant decrease in plasma melatonin levels. In summary, photoperiod is a key factor in synchronising Locomotor Activity and melatonin rhythms in the Senegal sole, whose nocturnal habits should be taken into account for their rearing by aquaculture.
