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E J G Pereira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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negative cross resistance between structurally different bacillus thuringiensis toxins may favor resistance management of soybean Looper in transgenic bt cultivars
Scientific Reports, 2019Co-Authors: Nilson Rodriguessilva, Afonso F Canuto, Diogo F Oliveira, Andre F Teixeira, Oscar F Santosamaya, Marcelo Coutinho Picanco, E J G PereiraAbstract:High adoption rates of single-gene Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1Ac soybean impose selection pressure for resistance in the soybean Looper, Chrysodeixis includens, a major defoliator in soybean and cotton crops. To anticipate and characterize resistance profiles that can evolve, soybean Looper larvae collected from field crops in Brazil in 2013 were selected for resistance to Cry1Ac. Using two methods of selection viz., chronic exposure to Cry1Ac cotton leaves and the seven-day larval exposure to purified Cry1Ac on the artificial diet, 31 and 127-fold resistance was obtained in 11 and 6 generations of selection, respectively. The resistance trait had realized heritability of 0.66 and 0.72, respectively, indicating that most of the phenotypic variation in Cry1Ac susceptibility of the soybean Looper larvae was due to additive genetic variation. The Cry1Ac-selected populations showed positive cross-resistance to Cry1Ab (6.7–8.7 fold), likely because these Bt toxins have a very similar molecular structure. Importantly, the Cry1Ac-selected populations became more susceptible to Cry2Aa and Cry1Fa, showing negative cross-resistance (up to 6-fold, P < 0.05). These results indicate that Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, and Cry2A are compatible in a multi-toxin approach to minimize the risk of rapid adaptation of the soybean Looper to Bt toxins.
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Negative cross-resistance between structurally different Bacillus thuringiensis toxins may favor resistance management of soybean Looper in transgenic Bt cultivars
Nature Publishing Group, 2019Co-Authors: Nilson Rodrigues-silva, Afonso F Canuto, Diogo F Oliveira, Andre F Teixeira, Marcelo Coutinho Picanco, Oscar F. Santos-amaya, E J G PereiraAbstract:Abstract High adoption rates of single-gene Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1Ac soybean impose selection pressure for resistance in the soybean Looper, Chrysodeixis includens, a major defoliator in soybean and cotton crops. To anticipate and characterize resistance profiles that can evolve, soybean Looper larvae collected from field crops in Brazil in 2013 were selected for resistance to Cry1Ac. Using two methods of selection viz., chronic exposure to Cry1Ac cotton leaves and the seven-day larval exposure to purified Cry1Ac on the artificial diet, 31 and 127-fold resistance was obtained in 11 and 6 generations of selection, respectively. The resistance trait had realized heritability of 0.66 and 0.72, respectively, indicating that most of the phenotypic variation in Cry1Ac susceptibility of the soybean Looper larvae was due to additive genetic variation. The Cry1Ac-selected populations showed positive cross-resistance to Cry1Ab (6.7–8.7 fold), likely because these Bt toxins have a very similar molecular structure. Importantly, the Cry1Ac-selected populations became more susceptible to Cry2Aa and Cry1Fa, showing negative cross-resistance (up to 6-fold, P
Nilson Rodriguessilva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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negative cross resistance between structurally different bacillus thuringiensis toxins may favor resistance management of soybean Looper in transgenic bt cultivars
Scientific Reports, 2019Co-Authors: Nilson Rodriguessilva, Afonso F Canuto, Diogo F Oliveira, Andre F Teixeira, Oscar F Santosamaya, Marcelo Coutinho Picanco, E J G PereiraAbstract:High adoption rates of single-gene Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1Ac soybean impose selection pressure for resistance in the soybean Looper, Chrysodeixis includens, a major defoliator in soybean and cotton crops. To anticipate and characterize resistance profiles that can evolve, soybean Looper larvae collected from field crops in Brazil in 2013 were selected for resistance to Cry1Ac. Using two methods of selection viz., chronic exposure to Cry1Ac cotton leaves and the seven-day larval exposure to purified Cry1Ac on the artificial diet, 31 and 127-fold resistance was obtained in 11 and 6 generations of selection, respectively. The resistance trait had realized heritability of 0.66 and 0.72, respectively, indicating that most of the phenotypic variation in Cry1Ac susceptibility of the soybean Looper larvae was due to additive genetic variation. The Cry1Ac-selected populations showed positive cross-resistance to Cry1Ab (6.7–8.7 fold), likely because these Bt toxins have a very similar molecular structure. Importantly, the Cry1Ac-selected populations became more susceptible to Cry2Aa and Cry1Fa, showing negative cross-resistance (up to 6-fold, P < 0.05). These results indicate that Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, and Cry2A are compatible in a multi-toxin approach to minimize the risk of rapid adaptation of the soybean Looper to Bt toxins.
Ahmad Koirudin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Koirudin, Ahmad. 2019. Pengaruh Penggunaan Speedspark Open Looper terhadap Daya dan Konsumsi Bahan Bakar pada Sepeda Motor Yamaha NMAX 155. Skripsi. Jurusan Teknik Mesin. Fakultas Teknik. Universitas Negeri Malangl
Tugas Akhir Jurusan Teknik Mesin - Fakultas Teknik UM, 2019Co-Authors: Ahmad KoirudinAbstract:Saat ini hampir semua sepeda motor baru yang dijual oleh produsen sepeda motor telah menggunakan sistem injeksi dengan tipe kontrol close loop (ada umpan balik dari hasil/keluaran untuk menyesuaikan kembali suatu sistem pengontrolan) dalam hal ini umpan balik yang dimaksud adalah kadar O2 dari proses pembakaran yang dikoreksi oleh O2 sensor. Pemakaian piggyback semacam fuel controller atau fuel adjuster misalnya di rentang rpm rendah pada mode Close Loop menjadi kurang efektif karena ECU akan berusaha mengatur debit bahan bakar berdasarkan masukan dari O2 sensor meski piggyback juga berusaha untuk mengkoreksinya. Speedspark open Looper berfungsi membuat ECU bekerja dalam mode Open Loop. Speedspark open loop adalah suatu alat yang prinsip kerjanya memanipulasi O2 sensor di mana ECU bekerja tidak mengacu pada masukan dari Oxygen (O2) sensor. Dengan menggunakan speedspark open Looper kinerja mesin yang lebih stabil tanpa terpengaruh masukan dari O2 sensor sehingga ECU bisa bekerja pada mode Open Loop.Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui perbedaan daya antara sepeda motor yang standar dengan yang menggunakan speedspark open Looper (2) mengetahui perbedaan konsumsi bahan bakar antara sepeda motor yang standar dengan yang menggunakan speedspark open Looper.Metode peneletian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode true eksperimental dengan menggunakan uji analisis data paired sample t test dengan prasyarat data tersebut telah diuji normalitas. Analisis paired sample t test meliputi penjelasan tentang seberapa besar perbedaan penggunaan speedspark open Looper jika dibandingkan dengan kondisi yang standar terhadap daya dan konsumsi bahan bakar pada sepeda motor. Penelitian ini dilakukan di AHASS Asia Motor Pakisaji dengan pengambilan data pada putaran mesin 4000 – 8500 rpm dengan kelipatan 500 rpm. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, kesimpulan dari pemasangan speedspark open Looper memberikan efek terhadap daya dan konsumsi bahan bakar sepeda motor. Daya yang dihasilkan dengan menggunakan speedspark open Looper memberikan rata-rata presentase peningkatan sebesar 5,5% daripada kondisi standar. Peningkatan daya tertinggi terjadi pada putaran mesin 7500 rpm pada penggunaan speedspark open Looper 10,1% daripada kondisi standar. Konsumsi bahan bakar pada yang menggunakan speedspark open Looper cenderung meningkat (lebih boros) yang menandakan komposisi bahan bakar dan udara lebih kaya atau terjadi penurunan afr dari dengan rata-rata presentase peningkatan secara keseluruhan sebesar 2,8 % daripada kondisi standar.Bagi masyarakat penelitian diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat tentang meningkatkan daya motor tanpa melakukan bore up dengan memanipulasi O2 sensor yang dapat meningkatkan daya mesin dan konsumsi bahan bakar pada sepeda motor Yamaha NMAX 155. Bagi peneliti, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dijadikan rujukan dan bacaan mengenai bidang otomotif khususnya informasi tentang pengaruh penggunaan speedspark open Looper terhadap daya dan konsumsi bahan bakar yang dihasilkan pada sepeda motor Yamaha Nmax 155. Bagi Mahasiswa, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dijadikan rujukan dalam kegiatan belajar mengenai pengaruh penggunaan speedspark open Looper terhadap daya dan konsumsi bahan bakar yang dihasilkan pada sepeda motor Yamaha Nmax 155.At present almost all new motorcycle sold by motorcycle manufacturers have used injection systems with close loop control types (there is feedback from the results / output to readjust a control system) in this case the intended feedback is the O2 content of the combustion process corrected by the O2 sensor. Using piggyback such as a fuel controller or fuel adjuster, for example in the low rpm range in Close Loop mode, is not effective because ECU will try to regulate fuel flow based on input from the O2 sensor even though piggyback is also trying to correct it. The speedspark open Looper makes ECU work in Open Loop mode. Speedspark open Looper is a tool whose principle works to manipulate the O2 sensor where the ECU works does not refer to the input of the Oxygen (O2) sensor. By using an speedspark open Looper the engine performance is more stable without being affected by input from the O2 sensor so that the ECU can work in Open Loop mode.This study aims to (1) find out the difference in power between standard Yamaha NMAX motorcycle and those using the speedspark open Looper (2) find out the difference in fuel consumption between standard motorcycles and those using speedspark open Looper.The research method used in this study is an experimental method by using a paired sample t test data analysis test with the prerequisite that the data has been tested for normality. Paired sample t test analysis included an explanation of how much difference the use of speedspark open Looper compared to the standard conditions for power and fuel consumption on motorcycle. This research was conducted at AHASS Asia Motor Pakisaji with data retrieval at engine speed 4000 - 8500 rpm in multiples of 500 rpm.Based on the results of the study, the installation of an speedspark open Looper has an effect on the power and fuel consumption of motorcycle. The power produced on using an speedspark open Looper gives an average percentage increase of 5.5% compared to standard. The highest power increase occurs at 7500 rpm engine speed on the use of open Looper speedspark 10.1% of standard conditions. Fuel consumption on that uses an speedspark open Looper tends to increase (more wasteful) which indicates the composition of the fuel and air is richer or there is a decrease in afr from the average percentage increase of 2.8% rather than the standard conditions.For the community, it is hoped that the community can provide information about increasing motor power without bore up by manipulating O2 sensors that can increase engine power and fuel consumption on Yamaha NMAX 155 motorcycle. For researchers, this research is expected to be used as a reference and reading about the automotive field. especially information about the effect of using an speedspark oppen Looper on the power and fuel consumption produced on a Yamaha NMAX 155 motorcycle. For students, this research is expected to be used as a reference in learning activities regarding the effect of the use of speedspark open Looper on the power and fuel consumption produced on Yamaha Nmax 155 motorcycle
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Koirudin, Ahmad. 2019. Pengaruh Penggunaan Speedspark Open Looper terhadap Daya dan Konsumsi Bahan Bakar pada Sepeda Motor Yamaha NMAX 155. Skripsi. Jurusan Teknik Mesin. Fakultas Teknik. Universitas Negeri Malang
Tugas Akhir Jurusan Teknik Mesin - Fakultas Teknik UM, 2019Co-Authors: Ahmad KoirudinAbstract:Saat ini hampir semua sepeda motor baru yang dijual oleh produsen sepeda motor telah menggunakan sistem injeksi dengan tipe kontrol close loop (ada umpan balik dari hasil/keluaran untuk menyesuaikan kembali suatu sistem pengontrolan) dalam hal ini umpan balik yang dimaksud adalah kadar O2 dari proses pembakaran yang dikoreksi oleh O2 sensor. Pemakaian piggyback semacam fuel controller atau fuel adjuster misalnya di rentang rpm rendah pada mode Close Loop menjadi kurang efektif karena ECU akan berusaha mengatur debit bahan bakar berdasarkan masukan dari O2 sensor meski piggyback juga berusaha untuk mengkoreksinya. Speedspark open Looper berfungsi membuat ECU bekerja dalam mode Open Loop. Speedspark open loop adalah suatu alat yang prinsip kerjanya memanipulasi O2 sensor di mana ECU bekerja tidak mengacu pada masukan dari Oxygen (O2) sensor. Dengan menggunakan speedspark open Looper kinerja mesin yang lebih stabil tanpa terpengaruh masukan dari O2 sensor sehingga ECU bisa bekerja pada mode Open Loop.Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui perbedaan daya antara sepeda motor yang standar dengan yang menggunakan speedspark open Looper (2) mengetahui perbedaan konsumsi bahan bakar antara sepeda motor yang standar dengan yang menggunakan speedspark open Looper.Metode peneletian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode true eksperimental dengan menggunakan uji analisis data paired sample t test dengan prasyarat data tersebut telah diuji normalitas. Analisis paired sample t test meliputi penjelasan tentang seberapa besar perbedaan penggunaan speedspark open Looper jika dibandingkan dengan kondisi yang standar terhadap daya dan konsumsi bahan bakar pada sepeda motor. Penelitian ini dilakukan di AHASS Asia Motor Pakisaji dengan pengambilan data pada putaran mesin 4000 – 8500 rpm dengan kelipatan 500 rpm. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, kesimpulan dari pemasangan speedspark open Looper memberikan efek terhadap daya dan konsumsi bahan bakar sepeda motor. Daya yang dihasilkan dengan menggunakan speedspark open Looper memberikan rata-rata presentase peningkatan sebesar 5,5% daripada kondisi standar. Peningkatan daya tertinggi terjadi pada putaran mesin 7500 rpm pada penggunaan speedspark open Looper 10,1% daripada kondisi standar. Konsumsi bahan bakar pada yang menggunakan speedspark open Looper cenderung meningkat (lebih boros) yang menandakan komposisi bahan bakar dan udara lebih kaya atau terjadi penurunan afr dari dengan rata-rata presentase peningkatan secara keseluruhan sebesar 2,8 % daripada kondisi standar.Bagi masyarakat penelitian diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat tentang meningkatkan daya motor tanpa melakukan bore up dengan memanipulasi O2 sensor yang dapat meningkatkan daya mesin dan konsumsi bahan bakar pada sepeda motor Yamaha NMAX 155. Bagi peneliti, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dijadikan rujukan dan bacaan mengenai bidang otomotif khususnya informasi tentang pengaruh penggunaan speedspark open Looper terhadap daya dan konsumsi bahan bakar yang dihasilkan pada sepeda motor Yamaha Nmax 155. Bagi Mahasiswa, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dijadikan rujukan dalam kegiatan belajar mengenai pengaruh penggunaan speedspark open Looper terhadap daya dan konsumsi bahan bakar yang dihasilkan pada sepeda motor Yamaha Nmax 155
Andre F Teixeira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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negative cross resistance between structurally different bacillus thuringiensis toxins may favor resistance management of soybean Looper in transgenic bt cultivars
Scientific Reports, 2019Co-Authors: Nilson Rodriguessilva, Afonso F Canuto, Diogo F Oliveira, Andre F Teixeira, Oscar F Santosamaya, Marcelo Coutinho Picanco, E J G PereiraAbstract:High adoption rates of single-gene Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1Ac soybean impose selection pressure for resistance in the soybean Looper, Chrysodeixis includens, a major defoliator in soybean and cotton crops. To anticipate and characterize resistance profiles that can evolve, soybean Looper larvae collected from field crops in Brazil in 2013 were selected for resistance to Cry1Ac. Using two methods of selection viz., chronic exposure to Cry1Ac cotton leaves and the seven-day larval exposure to purified Cry1Ac on the artificial diet, 31 and 127-fold resistance was obtained in 11 and 6 generations of selection, respectively. The resistance trait had realized heritability of 0.66 and 0.72, respectively, indicating that most of the phenotypic variation in Cry1Ac susceptibility of the soybean Looper larvae was due to additive genetic variation. The Cry1Ac-selected populations showed positive cross-resistance to Cry1Ab (6.7–8.7 fold), likely because these Bt toxins have a very similar molecular structure. Importantly, the Cry1Ac-selected populations became more susceptible to Cry2Aa and Cry1Fa, showing negative cross-resistance (up to 6-fold, P < 0.05). These results indicate that Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, and Cry2A are compatible in a multi-toxin approach to minimize the risk of rapid adaptation of the soybean Looper to Bt toxins.
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Negative cross-resistance between structurally different Bacillus thuringiensis toxins may favor resistance management of soybean Looper in transgenic Bt cultivars
Nature Publishing Group, 2019Co-Authors: Nilson Rodrigues-silva, Afonso F Canuto, Diogo F Oliveira, Andre F Teixeira, Marcelo Coutinho Picanco, Oscar F. Santos-amaya, E J G PereiraAbstract:Abstract High adoption rates of single-gene Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1Ac soybean impose selection pressure for resistance in the soybean Looper, Chrysodeixis includens, a major defoliator in soybean and cotton crops. To anticipate and characterize resistance profiles that can evolve, soybean Looper larvae collected from field crops in Brazil in 2013 were selected for resistance to Cry1Ac. Using two methods of selection viz., chronic exposure to Cry1Ac cotton leaves and the seven-day larval exposure to purified Cry1Ac on the artificial diet, 31 and 127-fold resistance was obtained in 11 and 6 generations of selection, respectively. The resistance trait had realized heritability of 0.66 and 0.72, respectively, indicating that most of the phenotypic variation in Cry1Ac susceptibility of the soybean Looper larvae was due to additive genetic variation. The Cry1Ac-selected populations showed positive cross-resistance to Cry1Ab (6.7–8.7 fold), likely because these Bt toxins have a very similar molecular structure. Importantly, the Cry1Ac-selected populations became more susceptible to Cry2Aa and Cry1Fa, showing negative cross-resistance (up to 6-fold, P
Marcelo Coutinho Picanco - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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negative cross resistance between structurally different bacillus thuringiensis toxins may favor resistance management of soybean Looper in transgenic bt cultivars
Scientific Reports, 2019Co-Authors: Nilson Rodriguessilva, Afonso F Canuto, Diogo F Oliveira, Andre F Teixeira, Oscar F Santosamaya, Marcelo Coutinho Picanco, E J G PereiraAbstract:High adoption rates of single-gene Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1Ac soybean impose selection pressure for resistance in the soybean Looper, Chrysodeixis includens, a major defoliator in soybean and cotton crops. To anticipate and characterize resistance profiles that can evolve, soybean Looper larvae collected from field crops in Brazil in 2013 were selected for resistance to Cry1Ac. Using two methods of selection viz., chronic exposure to Cry1Ac cotton leaves and the seven-day larval exposure to purified Cry1Ac on the artificial diet, 31 and 127-fold resistance was obtained in 11 and 6 generations of selection, respectively. The resistance trait had realized heritability of 0.66 and 0.72, respectively, indicating that most of the phenotypic variation in Cry1Ac susceptibility of the soybean Looper larvae was due to additive genetic variation. The Cry1Ac-selected populations showed positive cross-resistance to Cry1Ab (6.7–8.7 fold), likely because these Bt toxins have a very similar molecular structure. Importantly, the Cry1Ac-selected populations became more susceptible to Cry2Aa and Cry1Fa, showing negative cross-resistance (up to 6-fold, P < 0.05). These results indicate that Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, and Cry2A are compatible in a multi-toxin approach to minimize the risk of rapid adaptation of the soybean Looper to Bt toxins.
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Negative cross-resistance between structurally different Bacillus thuringiensis toxins may favor resistance management of soybean Looper in transgenic Bt cultivars
Nature Publishing Group, 2019Co-Authors: Nilson Rodrigues-silva, Afonso F Canuto, Diogo F Oliveira, Andre F Teixeira, Marcelo Coutinho Picanco, Oscar F. Santos-amaya, E J G PereiraAbstract:Abstract High adoption rates of single-gene Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1Ac soybean impose selection pressure for resistance in the soybean Looper, Chrysodeixis includens, a major defoliator in soybean and cotton crops. To anticipate and characterize resistance profiles that can evolve, soybean Looper larvae collected from field crops in Brazil in 2013 were selected for resistance to Cry1Ac. Using two methods of selection viz., chronic exposure to Cry1Ac cotton leaves and the seven-day larval exposure to purified Cry1Ac on the artificial diet, 31 and 127-fold resistance was obtained in 11 and 6 generations of selection, respectively. The resistance trait had realized heritability of 0.66 and 0.72, respectively, indicating that most of the phenotypic variation in Cry1Ac susceptibility of the soybean Looper larvae was due to additive genetic variation. The Cry1Ac-selected populations showed positive cross-resistance to Cry1Ab (6.7–8.7 fold), likely because these Bt toxins have a very similar molecular structure. Importantly, the Cry1Ac-selected populations became more susceptible to Cry2Aa and Cry1Fa, showing negative cross-resistance (up to 6-fold, P
