The Experts below are selected from a list of 4605 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Yonghua Zheng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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low temperature conditioning alleviates chilling injury in Loquat fruit and regulates glycine betaine content and energy status
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2015Co-Authors: Yu Zhang, Timin Shan, Yuping Huang, Jia Xu, Yonghua ZhengAbstract:The influence of low-temperature conditioning (LTC) treatment on chilling injury, glycine betaine content, and energy metabolism in Loquat fruit at 1 °C storage was investigated. The results indicated that LTC treatment significantly reduced chilling injury index, ion leakage, and malondialdehyde content in Loquat fruit. Betaine aldehyde hydrogenase (BADH) activity and endogenous glycine betaine (GB) content in Loquats treated with LTC were significantly higher than those in control fruit. Moreover, LTC treatment induced activities of energy metabolism-associated enzymes, including H+-adenosine triphosphatase, Ca2+-adenosine triphosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase, and cytochrome c oxidase. LTC treatment triggered obviously higher levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and energy charge in Loquat fruit. These results showed that LTC possibly alleviated chilling injury and enhanced chilling tolerance of Loquat fruit by enhancing endogenous GB content and energy status.
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effects of heat treatment on internal browning and membrane fatty acid in Loquat fruit in response to chilling stress
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2010Co-Authors: Haitao Shang, Kaituo Wang, Yonghua ZhengAbstract:BACKGROUND: Chilling injury (CI) limits the storage period and shelf-life of red-fleshed Loquat fruit (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.), which leads to a remarkable loss after cold storage. To develop an effective technique to reduce CI, the effects of a 38 °C heat treatment in air for 5 h, plus storage at 1 °C for 35 days, on internal browning (IB) and membrane fatty acid composition of the Loquat cv. Jiefangzhong were investigated. RESULTS: Heat treatment delayed the occurrence of IB and inhibited the increase of IB index in ‘Jiefangzhong’ Loquat fruit. Heat treatment maintained lower levels of electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content, and inhibited the increases in phospholipase D and lipoxygenase activities compared with the control fruit. Meanwhile, heat treatment inhibited the increases in palmitic, stearic and oleic acid levels and delayed the decreases in linoleic and linolenic acid contents, thus maintaining higher unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio than the control. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the reduction of IB in chilled Loquat fruit by heat treatment might due to maintenance of membrane integrity and higher unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
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improved control of anthracnose rot in Loquat fruit by a combination treatment of pichia membranifaciens with cacl2
International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2008Co-Authors: Yonghua Zheng, Shuangshuang Tang, Kaituo WangAbstract:Abstract The beneficial effect of 2% CaCl2 (w/v) on the antagonistic yeast Pichia membranifaciens for control of anthracnose rot caused by Colletotrichum acutatum in postharvest Loquat fruit (Eriobotrya japonica L.) and the possible mechanisms involved were investigated. The results showed that treatment with P. membranifaciens at 1 × 108 CFU ml− 1 or 2% CaCl2 alone both resulted in significantly smaller lesion diameter and lower disease incidence of anthracnose rot on Loquat fruit wounds compared with the controls. The biocontrol activity of P. membranifaciens on the disease was enhanced by the addition of 2% CaCl2, the combined treatment of P. membranifaciens with CaCl2 resulted in a remarkably improved control of the disease in comparison with the treatment of P. membranifaciens or CaCl2 alone. P. membranifaciens in combination with CaCl2 induced higher activities of two defense-related enzymes chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase in Loquat fruit than applying the yeast or CaCl2 alone. The in vitro experiment showed that the addition of 2% CaCl2 in the suspensions of P. membranifaciens significantly inhibited spore germination and germ tube elongation of C. acutatum than the yeast or CaCl2 alone. However, adding CaCl2 did not significantly influence the population of P. membranifaciens in NYDB medium or fruit wounds. These results suggest that CaCl2 could improve the biocontrol activity of P. membranifaciens on anthracnose rot in Loquat fruit. It is postulated that the improved control of the disease is directly because of the higher inhibitory effect on pathogen growth and indirectly because of the enhanced disease resistance in Loquat fruit by the combination treatment.
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effect of methyl jasmonate on the inhibition of colletotrichum acutatum infection in Loquat fruit and the possible mechanisms
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2008Co-Authors: Yonghua Zheng, Shuangshuang Tang, Kaituo Wang, Zhenfeng Yang, Xiaomei WangAbstract:Abstract The effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on reducing anthracnose rot caused by Colletotrichum acutatum infection in postharvest Loquat fruit ( Eriobotrya japonica L. cv. Jiefangzhong) and the possible mechanisms involved were investigated. Freshly harvested Loquat fruit were treated with 10 μmol/L MeJA at 20 °C for 24 h. Both the treated and the untreated fruit were artificially wounded and inoculated with Colletotrichum acutatum spore suspension (1.0 × 10 5 spores/mL) 1 day after the treatment, and then incubated at 20 °C for 6 days. Treatment of Loquat fruit with MeJA resulted in significantly lower disease incidence and smaller lesion diameters than in control fruit. MeJA treatment significantly inhibited activities of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) while superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was not significantly affected in early infection, thus resulting in a higher level of H 2 O 2 in the earlier period of incubation. The enhanced H 2 O 2 generation by MeJA treatment might serve as a signal to induce resistance against C. acutatum infection. However, MeJA treatment inhibited the increase in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activities and lignin content, indicating that lignification is not the major defense mechanism against anthracnose rot in Loquat fruit. The in vitro experiment showed that MeJA significantly inhibited spore germination, germ tube elongation and mycelial growth of C. acutatum . These results suggest that MeJA treatment can effectively inhibit anthracnose rot caused by C. acutatum in postharvest Loquat fruit. It is postulated that the control of the disease is directly because of the inhibitory effect of MeJA on pathogen growth, and indirectly because of the induced disease resistance triggered by enhanced H 2 O 2 levels.
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Improved control of anthracnose rot in Loquat fruit by a combination treatment of Pichia membranifaciens with CaCl(2).
International journal of food microbiology, 2008Co-Authors: Yonghua Zheng, Shuangshuang Tang, Kaituo WangAbstract:The beneficial effect of 2% CaCl(2) (w/v) on the antagonistic yeast Pichia membranifaciens for control of anthracnose rot caused by Colletotrichum acutatum in postharvest Loquat fruit (Eriobotrya japonica L.) and the possible mechanisms involved were investigated. The results showed that treatment with P. membranifaciens at 1x10(8) CFU ml(-1) or 2% CaCl(2) alone both resulted in significantly smaller lesion diameter and lower disease incidence of anthracnose rot on Loquat fruit wounds compared with the controls. The biocontrol activity of P. membranifaciens on the disease was enhanced by the addition of 2% CaCl(2), the combined treatment of P. membranifaciens with CaCl(2) resulted in a remarkably improved control of the disease in comparison with the treatment of P. membranifaciens or CaCl(2) alone. P. membranifaciens in combination with CaCl(2) induced higher activities of two defense-related enzymes chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase in Loquat fruit than applying the yeast or CaCl(2) alone. The in vitro experiment showed that the addition of 2% CaCl(2) in the suspensions of P. membranifaciens significantly inhibited spore germination and germ tube elongation of C. acutatum than the yeast or CaCl(2) alone. However, adding CaCl(2) did not significantly influence the population of P. membranifaciens in NYDB medium or fruit wounds. These results suggest that CaCl(2) could improve the biocontrol activity of P. membranifaciens on anthracnose rot in Loquat fruit. It is postulated that the improved control of the disease is directly because of the higher inhibitory effect on pathogen growth and indirectly because of the enhanced disease resistance in Loquat fruit by the combination treatment.
U Meier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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phenological growth stages of Loquat tree eriobotrya japonica thunb lindl
Annals of Applied Biology, 1999Co-Authors: J Martinezcalvo, M L Badenes, G Llacer, H Bleiholder, H Hack, U MeierAbstract:Summary Conservation, characterisation and utilisation of minor fruit tree species is an important objective for diversification of agro-food production. One such fruit tree is the Loquat, a tree that originated in China but is well adapted to the Mediterranean area. The conservation and utilisation of suitable germplasm requires an accurate characterisation and evaluation of the material. A first step in characterisation is to use phenotypic traits. This paper describes the phenological growth stages of Loquat tree using the extended BBCH scale. Seven principal growth stages (PGS) for bud, leaf and shoot development, inflorescence emergence, flowering, fruit development and fruit maturity and 31 secondary growth stages are described and compared with a previous scale based on Fleckinger classical methodology. An example of application of the extended BBCH scale for characterisation of Loquat cultivars from IVIA germplasm collection is reported.
Jose I. Hormaza - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Molecular S-genotyping and determination of S-RNase-based incompatibility groups in Loquat [Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.]
Euphytica, 2011Co-Authors: Laura Carrera, Javier Sanzol, Esteve Soler, María Herrero, Jose I. HormazaAbstract:Loquat ( Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.; Pyrinae, Rosaceae) is an evergreen fruit tree which is acquiring increasing importance as an alternative crop in warm-temperate and subtropical regions. Recent pollination studies suggest that crop intensification has resulted in a reduction of fruit productivity in different locations. Loquat exhibits gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) and, consequently, fruit set strongly depends on cross-pollination between intercompatible cultivars. S -genotyping and incompatibility group assignment is therefore essential for adequate Loquat orchard design. This study reports the molecular characterization of the S- RNase allele composition of 31 Loquat cultivars grown in Spain. PCR with primers developed from Loquat S- RNase sequences was used in combination with high-performance capillary polyacrilamide electrophoresis for the fine-evaluation of length polymorphisms at the S - RNase gene. This approach allowed to uncover a new S - RNase allele ( S _5), whose sequence is reported and to characterize the first six S - RNase -based incompatibility groups (I–VI) in Loquat, resulting from the combination of five S -alleles ( S _1– S _5). The large number of cultivars that could be assigned to only six groups suggests a narrow genetic base for this crop in Spain and stresses the need for careful determination of the S -genotype of cultivars in an attempt to overcome production problems associated with inadequate pollination.
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Genomic characterization of self-incompatibility ribonucleases (S-RNases) in Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) (Rosaceae, Pyrinae)
Molecular Breeding, 2009Co-Authors: Laura Carrera, Javier Sanzol, María Herrero, Jose I. HormazaAbstract:Loquat ( Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) is a fruit tree species of the Pyrinae subtribe of the Rosaceae that behaves as self incompatible. Since self-incompatibility in the Rosaceae is of the gametophytic type where a stylar ribonuclease ( S -RNase) controls the female function of pollen–pistil recognition, consensus primers derived from the alignment of S-RNase sequences from other Pyrinae species were used to search for S-RNases in Loquat. As a result, the first four S-RNases were sequenced for this species. The genomic sequences obtained showed the structural features of Pyrinae S-RNases. Moreover, microscopic observations of pollen tube growth in the style confirmed the inter-(in)compatibility relationships predicted from the molecular analyses. Phylogenetic analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences with other Pyrinae S-RNases confirmed that divergence of S -alleles in Loquat and the Pyrinae predated speciation. This study reports for the first time the genomic characterization of S-RNases in Loquat, providing a sound basis for an appropriate selection of pollinator cultivars and an adequate design of breeding programs.
Jing Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The variation of NAD + -SDH gene in mutant white-fleshed Loquat
Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2016Co-Authors: Jing Li, Yong-qing Wang, Mei-yan Tu, Dong Chen, Guoliang JiangAbstract:Abstract Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) can be divided into yellow- and white-fleshed cultivars by flesh color. However, a Dongting Loquat mutant, which involved bud sport and growing white-fleshed fruit in the central region of the trunk (as wild Loquat bears yellow-fleshed fruits naturally), was discovered in the preliminary study. The study cloned the coding sequence (CDS) of NAD+-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase (NAD+-SDH) gene from the selected materials of mutant Loquat, wild Loquat and other nine Loquat cultivars/accessions, and found that the CDS of NAD+-SDH gene from the mutant Loquat, other than the rest two types of materials, had three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) loci; in addition, the amino acid encoded at variation loci changed accordingly. NAD+-SDH plays an active role in converting sorbitol into fructose in Loquat cultivars. For the mutant white-fleshed Loquat, the activity of NAD+-SDH rises first and then drops, the sorbitol content decreases steadily, and its fructose content is higher than that in wild Loquat from coloration to maturation stage. As demonstrated by the real-time fluorescence quantification PCR analysis, the expression level of NAD+-SDH gene at maturation stage is about 5-fold lower than wild type. It may be assumed that, the three SNPs loci might lead to excessive conversion of sorbitol into fructose under the catalytic action of NAD+-SDH of white-fleshed mutant Loquat at maturation stage, resulting in the increase of fructose content and reduced expression abundance of mRNA after transcription. Besides, NAD+-SDH gene may be related to flesh color and carbohydrate variation of white-fleshed mutant Loquat.
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The variation of NAD+-SDH gene in mutant white-fleshed Loquat
Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2016Co-Authors: Jing Li, Yong-qing Wang, Mei-yan Tu, Dong Chen, Guoliang JiangAbstract:Abstract Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) can be divided into yellow- and white-fleshed cultivars by flesh color. However, a Dongting Loquat mutant, which involved bud sport and growing white-fleshed fruit in the central region of the trunk (as wild Loquat bears yellow-fleshed fruits naturally), was discovered in the preliminary study. The study cloned the coding sequence (CDS) of NAD+-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase (NAD+-SDH) gene from the selected materials of mutant Loquat, wild Loquat and other nine Loquat cultivars/accessions, and found that the CDS of NAD+-SDH gene from the mutant Loquat, other than the rest two types of materials, had three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) loci; in addition, the amino acid encoded at variation loci changed accordingly. NAD+-SDH plays an active role in converting sorbitol into fructose in Loquat cultivars. For the mutant white-fleshed Loquat, the activity of NAD+-SDH rises first and then drops, the sorbitol content decreases steadily, and its fructose content is higher than that in wild Loquat from coloration to maturation stage. As demonstrated by the real-time fluorescence quantification PCR analysis, the expression level of NAD+-SDH gene at maturation stage is about 5-fold lower than wild type. It may be assumed that, the three SNPs loci might lead to excessive conversion of sorbitol into fructose under the catalytic action of NAD+-SDH of white-fleshed mutant Loquat at maturation stage, resulting in the increase of fructose content and reduced expression abundance of mRNA after transcription. Besides, NAD+-SDH gene may be related to flesh color and carbohydrate variation of white-fleshed mutant Loquat.
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Embryologic Mechanisms of Sterility in Triploid Loquat
Acta Horticulturae, 2015Co-Authors: Q. X. Deng, Y. Q. Wang, Q. Yang, Jing LiAbstract:Anther structure, anther dehiscence characteristics, pollen viability, pollen germination, pollen tube growth and ovule structure of triploid Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) were studied. Most anthers were immature, and a few anthers, though mature, could not dehisce on time. Connective parenchyma cells were thick, the anther chamber was small, the amount of pollen was very small, and most pollen (up histo 83.7%) was abnormal. All this resulted in a high degree of male sterility in triploid Loquat. Pollen germination and pollen tube growth were generally altered, indicating that the pre-fertilization barrier was strong in triploid Loquat. Anatomical observations showed an atypical structure of most ovules, including small embryo sac, stigma and degeneration of style, embryo sac, and ovule. This resulted in a high degree of female sterility in triploid Loquat. Fertilization and embryo development did not occur regularly in abnormal ovules of triploid Loquat, which resulted in very low fruit set after cross-pollination, and no fruit production under open pollination and self-pollination probably as a result of lack of hormones from seeds.
Kaituo Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of heat treatment on internal browning and membrane fatty acid in Loquat fruit in response to chilling stress
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2010Co-Authors: Haitao Shang, Kaituo Wang, Yonghua ZhengAbstract:BACKGROUND: Chilling injury (CI) limits the storage period and shelf-life of red-fleshed Loquat fruit (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.), which leads to a remarkable loss after cold storage. To develop an effective technique to reduce CI, the effects of a 38 °C heat treatment in air for 5 h, plus storage at 1 °C for 35 days, on internal browning (IB) and membrane fatty acid composition of the Loquat cv. Jiefangzhong were investigated. RESULTS: Heat treatment delayed the occurrence of IB and inhibited the increase of IB index in ‘Jiefangzhong’ Loquat fruit. Heat treatment maintained lower levels of electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content, and inhibited the increases in phospholipase D and lipoxygenase activities compared with the control fruit. Meanwhile, heat treatment inhibited the increases in palmitic, stearic and oleic acid levels and delayed the decreases in linoleic and linolenic acid contents, thus maintaining higher unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio than the control. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the reduction of IB in chilled Loquat fruit by heat treatment might due to maintenance of membrane integrity and higher unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
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improved control of anthracnose rot in Loquat fruit by a combination treatment of pichia membranifaciens with cacl2
International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2008Co-Authors: Yonghua Zheng, Shuangshuang Tang, Kaituo WangAbstract:Abstract The beneficial effect of 2% CaCl2 (w/v) on the antagonistic yeast Pichia membranifaciens for control of anthracnose rot caused by Colletotrichum acutatum in postharvest Loquat fruit (Eriobotrya japonica L.) and the possible mechanisms involved were investigated. The results showed that treatment with P. membranifaciens at 1 × 108 CFU ml− 1 or 2% CaCl2 alone both resulted in significantly smaller lesion diameter and lower disease incidence of anthracnose rot on Loquat fruit wounds compared with the controls. The biocontrol activity of P. membranifaciens on the disease was enhanced by the addition of 2% CaCl2, the combined treatment of P. membranifaciens with CaCl2 resulted in a remarkably improved control of the disease in comparison with the treatment of P. membranifaciens or CaCl2 alone. P. membranifaciens in combination with CaCl2 induced higher activities of two defense-related enzymes chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase in Loquat fruit than applying the yeast or CaCl2 alone. The in vitro experiment showed that the addition of 2% CaCl2 in the suspensions of P. membranifaciens significantly inhibited spore germination and germ tube elongation of C. acutatum than the yeast or CaCl2 alone. However, adding CaCl2 did not significantly influence the population of P. membranifaciens in NYDB medium or fruit wounds. These results suggest that CaCl2 could improve the biocontrol activity of P. membranifaciens on anthracnose rot in Loquat fruit. It is postulated that the improved control of the disease is directly because of the higher inhibitory effect on pathogen growth and indirectly because of the enhanced disease resistance in Loquat fruit by the combination treatment.
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effect of methyl jasmonate on the inhibition of colletotrichum acutatum infection in Loquat fruit and the possible mechanisms
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2008Co-Authors: Yonghua Zheng, Shuangshuang Tang, Kaituo Wang, Zhenfeng Yang, Xiaomei WangAbstract:Abstract The effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on reducing anthracnose rot caused by Colletotrichum acutatum infection in postharvest Loquat fruit ( Eriobotrya japonica L. cv. Jiefangzhong) and the possible mechanisms involved were investigated. Freshly harvested Loquat fruit were treated with 10 μmol/L MeJA at 20 °C for 24 h. Both the treated and the untreated fruit were artificially wounded and inoculated with Colletotrichum acutatum spore suspension (1.0 × 10 5 spores/mL) 1 day after the treatment, and then incubated at 20 °C for 6 days. Treatment of Loquat fruit with MeJA resulted in significantly lower disease incidence and smaller lesion diameters than in control fruit. MeJA treatment significantly inhibited activities of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) while superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was not significantly affected in early infection, thus resulting in a higher level of H 2 O 2 in the earlier period of incubation. The enhanced H 2 O 2 generation by MeJA treatment might serve as a signal to induce resistance against C. acutatum infection. However, MeJA treatment inhibited the increase in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activities and lignin content, indicating that lignification is not the major defense mechanism against anthracnose rot in Loquat fruit. The in vitro experiment showed that MeJA significantly inhibited spore germination, germ tube elongation and mycelial growth of C. acutatum . These results suggest that MeJA treatment can effectively inhibit anthracnose rot caused by C. acutatum in postharvest Loquat fruit. It is postulated that the control of the disease is directly because of the inhibitory effect of MeJA on pathogen growth, and indirectly because of the induced disease resistance triggered by enhanced H 2 O 2 levels.
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Improved control of anthracnose rot in Loquat fruit by a combination treatment of Pichia membranifaciens with CaCl(2).
International journal of food microbiology, 2008Co-Authors: Yonghua Zheng, Shuangshuang Tang, Kaituo WangAbstract:The beneficial effect of 2% CaCl(2) (w/v) on the antagonistic yeast Pichia membranifaciens for control of anthracnose rot caused by Colletotrichum acutatum in postharvest Loquat fruit (Eriobotrya japonica L.) and the possible mechanisms involved were investigated. The results showed that treatment with P. membranifaciens at 1x10(8) CFU ml(-1) or 2% CaCl(2) alone both resulted in significantly smaller lesion diameter and lower disease incidence of anthracnose rot on Loquat fruit wounds compared with the controls. The biocontrol activity of P. membranifaciens on the disease was enhanced by the addition of 2% CaCl(2), the combined treatment of P. membranifaciens with CaCl(2) resulted in a remarkably improved control of the disease in comparison with the treatment of P. membranifaciens or CaCl(2) alone. P. membranifaciens in combination with CaCl(2) induced higher activities of two defense-related enzymes chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase in Loquat fruit than applying the yeast or CaCl(2) alone. The in vitro experiment showed that the addition of 2% CaCl(2) in the suspensions of P. membranifaciens significantly inhibited spore germination and germ tube elongation of C. acutatum than the yeast or CaCl(2) alone. However, adding CaCl(2) did not significantly influence the population of P. membranifaciens in NYDB medium or fruit wounds. These results suggest that CaCl(2) could improve the biocontrol activity of P. membranifaciens on anthracnose rot in Loquat fruit. It is postulated that the improved control of the disease is directly because of the higher inhibitory effect on pathogen growth and indirectly because of the enhanced disease resistance in Loquat fruit by the combination treatment.