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John V. Reynolds - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Pilot Study of Gut-Brain Signaling After Octreotide Therapy for Unintentional Weight Loss After Esophagectomy.
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2020Co-Authors: Conor F. Murphy, Anthony P. Goldstone, Nicholas Stratford, Neil G. Docherty, Brendan Moran, Jessie A Elliott, M. L. Healy, Jason Mcmorrow, Narayanasamy Ravi, John V. ReynoldsAbstract:Background Recurrence-free patients after esophageal cancer surgery face long-term nutritional consequences, occurring in the context of an exaggerated post-prandial gut hormone response. Acute gut hormone suppression influences brain reward signaling and eating behavior. This study aimed to suppress gut hormone secretion and characterize reward responses and eating behavior among post-esophagectomy patients with unintentional weight loss. Methods This pilot study prospectively studied post-operative patients with ≥10% body weight loss (BWL) beyond one year who were candidates for clinical treatment with long-acting Octreotide (LAR). Before and after four weeks of treatment, gut hormone secretion, Food cue reactivity (functional MRI), eating motivation (progressive ratio task), ad libitum Food intake, body composition, and symptom burden were assessed. Results 8 patients (7 male, age: mean±SD 62.8±9.4 years, post-operative BWL: 15.5±5.8%) participated. Octreotide LAR did not significantly suppress total post-prandial plasma GLP-1 response at four weeks (P=0.08). Post-prandial symptom burden improved after treatment (Sigstad score median(range): 12(2-28) vs. 8(3-18), P=0.04), but weight remained stable (Pre:68.6±12.8kg vs. Post:69.2±13.4kg, P=0.13). There was no significant change in brain reward system responses, during evaluation of high-Energy or Low-Energy Food pictures, nor their appeal rating. Moreover, treatment did not alter motivation to eat (P=0.41) nor ad libitum Food intake(P=0.46). Conclusion The protocol used made it feasible to characterize the gut-brain axis and eating behavior in this cohort. Inadequate suppression of gut hormone responses four weeks after Octreotide LAR administration may explain the lack of gut-brain pathway alterations. A higher dose or shorter inter-dose interval may be required to optimize the intervention.
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A Pilot Study of Gut-Brain Signaling After Octreotide Therapy for Unintentional Weight Loss After Esophagectomy.
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2020Co-Authors: Conor F. Murphy, Anthony P. Goldstone, Nicholas Stratford, Neil G. Docherty, Brendan Moran, Jessie A Elliott, M. L. Healy, Narayanasamy Ravi, Jason P Mcmorrow, John V. ReynoldsAbstract:BACKGROUND Recurrence-free patients after esophageal cancer surgery face long-term nutritional consequences, occurring in the context of an exaggerated postprandial gut hormone response. Acute gut hormone suppression influences brain reward signaling and eating behavior. This study aimed to suppress gut hormone secretion and characterize reward responses and eating behavior among postesophagectomy patients with unintentional weight loss. METHODS This pilot study prospectively studied postoperative patients with 10% or greater body weight loss (BWL) beyond 1 year who were candidates for clinical treatment with long-acting octreotide (LAR). Before and after 4 weeks of treatment, gut hormone secretion, Food cue reactivity (functional magnetic resonance imaging), eating motivation (progressive ratio task), ad libitum Food intake, body composition, and symptom burden were assessed. RESULTS Eight patients (7 male, age: mean ± SD 62.8 ± 9.4 years, postoperative BWL: 15.5 ± 5.8%) participated. Octreotide LAR did not significantly suppress total postprandial plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 response at 4 weeks (P = .08). Postprandial symptom burden improved after treatment (Sigstad score median [range]: 12 [2-28] vs 8 [3-18], P = .04) but weight remained stable (pre: 68.6 ± 12.8 kg vs post: 69.2 ± 13.4 kg, P = .13). There was no significant change in brain reward system responses, during evaluation of high-Energy or Low-Energy Food pictures, nor their appeal rating. Moreover, treatment did not alter motivation to eat (P = .41) nor ad libitum Food intake(P = .46). CONCLUSION The protocol used made it feasible to characterize the gut-brain axis and eating behavior in this cohort. Inadequate suppression of gut hormone responses 4 weeks after octreotide LAR administration may explain the lack of gut-brain pathway alterations. A higher dose or shorter interdose interval may be required to optimize the intervention.
Sanne Boesveldt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ambient Odor Exposure Affects Food Intake and Sensory Specific Appetite in Obese Women
Frontiers in psychology, 2019Co-Authors: C. Proserpio, Sanne Boesveldt, Cecilia Invitti, Lucia Pasqualinotto, Monica Laureati, Camilla Cattaneo, Ella PagliariniAbstract:Food odors are important in Food perception not only during consumption, but also in anticipation of Food. Even though it is well established that smell is involved in eating behavior, its role in affecting actual Food consumption is still unclear, especially in morbidly obese subjects, who are reported to be more affected by sensory cues than lean subjects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of ambient odor exposure on ad libitum Food intake and on sensory specific appetite in obese women. Thirty obese women (BMI: 34.9 ± 0.8 kg m-2; age: 50.8 ± 1.8) attended two sessions in which they were exposed to a bread odor dispersed, in a detectable but mild concentration, in the test room ("scented" condition) and to a control condition ("unscented" condition). Participants filled out a questionnaire on general appetite before entering the test room and completed a sensory specific appetite questionnaire (including 12 specific products) about 10 min after entering the test room. After approximately 15 min of exposure, the ad libitum intake of a Low Energy dense Food product (vegetable soup) was measured. The "scented" condition significantly (p < 0.01) increased the amount of soup eaten compared to the "unscented" condition (466.4 ± 33.1 g; 368.9 ± 33.2 g, respectively). Moreover, the odor exposure induced sensory specific appetite for congruent Food products in term of taste and Energy density, as well as a significant increase in general appetite scores (p < 0.001). In conclusion, ambient odor exposure to a Food odor affected the intake of a Low Energy Food in obese women and stimulated appetite for congruent products. This could have important implications for influencing Energy intake of individuals.
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Altered neural responsivity to Food cues in relation to Food preferences, but not appetite-related hormone concentrations after RYGB-surgery.
Behavioural Brain Research, 2018Co-Authors: H.f.a. Zoon, Paul A.m. Smeets, Suzanne De Bruijn, Gerry Jager, Wendy Schijns, Edo O. Aarts, Ignace M. C. Janssen, Cees De Graaf, Sanne BoesveldtAbstract:BACKGROUND: After Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery, patients report a shift in Food preferences away from high-Energy Foods. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying this shift in Food preferences by assessing changes in neural responses to Food pictures and odors before and after RYGB. Additionally, we investigated whether altered neural responsivity was associated with changes in plasma endocannabinoid and ghrelin concentrations. DESIGN: 19 RYGB patients (4 men; age 41 ± 10 years; BMI 41 ± 1 kg/m2 before; BMI 36 ± 1 kg/m2 after) participated in this study. Before and two months after RYGB surgery, they rated their Food preferences using the Macronutrient and Taste Preference Ranking Task and BOLD fMRI responses towards pictures and odors of high-, and Low-Energy Foods and non-Food items were measured. Blood samples were taken to determine plasma endocannabinoid and ghrelin concentrations pre- and post-surgery. RESULTS: Patients demonstrated a shift in Food preferences away from high-fat/sweet and towards Low-Energy/savory Food products, which correlated with decreased superior parietal lobule responsivity to high-Energy Food odor and a reduced difference in precuneus responsivity to high-Energy versus Low-Energy Food pictures. In the anteroventral prefrontal cortex (superior frontal gyrus) the difference in deactivation towards high-Energy versus non-Food odors reduced. The precuneus was less deactivated in response to all cues. Plasma concentrations of anandamide were higher after surgery, while plasma concentrations of other endocannabinoids and ghrelin did not change. Alterations in appetite-related hormone concentrations did not correlate with changes in neural responsivity. CONCLUSIONS: RYGB leads to changed responsivity of the frontoparietal control network that orchestrates top-down control to high-Energy Food compared to Low-Energy Food and non-Food cues, rather than in reward related brain regions, in a satiated state. Together with correlations with the shift in Food preference from high- to Low-Energy Foods this indicates a possible role in new Food preference formation.
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Altered neural inhibition responses to Food cues after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass.
Biological psychology, 2018Co-Authors: H.f.a. Zoon, Paul A.m. Smeets, Gerry Jager, Wendy Schijns, Ignace M. C. Janssen, Cees De Graaf, S.e.m. De Bruijn, L. Deden, Sanne BoesveldtAbstract:Abstract Background Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is a highly effective weight-loss intervention that often reduces preference and intake of high-Energy Foods. Research into the neural mechanisms behind this shift has mainly focused on reward processing of Food cues. However, the ability to successfully control Food intake and thereby weight-loss also depends on inhibitory control capacity. We investigated whether RYGB leads to alterations in neural inhibitory control in response to Food cues. Methods A Food-specific go/no-go task with pictures of high-Energy (desserts) and Low-Energy Foods (vegetables), was used to assess neural inhibition responses before and after RYGB with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Data from 18 morbidly obese patients (15 females; age 41 ± 11 years; BMI 42 ± 4 kg/m2 before; BMI 36 ± 4 kg/m2 after) were analysed. Pre- and post-RYGB BOLD fMRI responses were compared for response inhibition towards high- and Low-Energy Foods. Participants were tested in a satiated state. Results Response inhibition to high-Energy Foods was associated with increased activation of the right lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), right medial PFC, dorsolateral PFC, right middle cingulate cortex and the right inferior frontal operculum (involved in inhibitory control), after compared to before surgery. Response inhibition to Low-Energy Foods elicited diminished post- compared to pre-surgery responses in the left superior temporal pole, right parahippocampal gyrus and right hypothalamus (involved in metabolic control). Conclusion Neural changes indicate improved response inhibition towards high-Energy Food cues, altered influence of metabolic control during response inhibition towards Low-Energy Food cues and a more positive attitude to both high-Energy and Low-Energy Food after RYGB. Alterations in neural circuits involved in inhibitory control, satiety signalling and reward processing may contribute to effective weight-loss after RYGB.
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Food preference and intake in response to ambient odours in overweight and normal-weight females.
Physiology & behavior, 2014Co-Authors: H.f.a. Zoon, Cees De Graaf, René A. De Wijk, Sanne BoesveldtAbstract:Abstract In our Food abundant environment, Food cues play an important role in the regulation of Energy intake. Odours can be considered as external cues that can signal Energy content in the anticipatory phase of eating. This study aims to determine whether exposure to olfactory cues associated with Energy dense Foods leads to increased Food intake and greater preference for Energy-dense Foods. In addition, we assessed whether BMI and hunger state modulated this effect. Twenty-five overweight (mean BMI: 31.3 kg/m 2 , S.E.: 0.6) and 25 normal-weight (mean BMI: 21.9 kg/m 2 , S.E.: 0.4) females, matched on age and restraint score, participated. In 6 separate sessions they were exposed to odours of three different categories (signalling non-Food, high-Energy Food and Low-Energy Food) in two motivational states (hungry and satiated). After 10 min of exposure Food preference was assessed with a computerized two-item forced choice task and after 20 min a Bogus Taste Test was used to determine Energy intake (kcal and g). In a hungry state, the participants ate more ( p p p = .068). Neither Energy intake (kcal: p = .553; g: p = .683) nor Food preference ( p = .280) was influenced by ambient exposure to odours signalling different categories. Future studies need to explore whether Food odours can indeed induce overeating. More insight is needed regarding the possible influence of context (e.g. short exposure duration, large variety of Food) and personality traits (e.g. restraint, impulsive) on odour-induced overeating.
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Between odours and overeating : behavioural and neurobiological mechanisms of olfactory Food-cue reactivity
2012Co-Authors: C. De Graaf, Sanne Boesveldt, H.f.a. ZoonAbstract:The obesogenic environment we live in is characterized by an abundance of available Foods and Food cues that tempt us to eat. Throughout our lives we learn to associate these Food cues (odours, pictures) with physiological consequences of Food consumption. The sense of smell is suggested to be very important for determining Food quality, guiding us away from spoilt Food and towards rewarding Foods. Increased sensitivity to environmental cues of rewarding Food, decreased sensitivity to physiological cues of hunger and a decreased ability to control impulses are thought to contribute to overeating and obesity. With the research in this thesis we aimed to elucidate the role of odours in (over)eating, to better understand how sensory Food cues and hunger feelings are involved in determining our eating pattern. We assessed the appetizing effects of exposure to odours signalling Food with a certain taste (sweet/savoury) and Energy density (high/Low). Our findings show that smelling a Food odour increases appetite for Foods that are similar to the odour, both in terms of taste and Energy density. These appetizing effects were present when participants were hungry but also when they had just eaten, indicating a possible role in overeating. Further, consumption of a high-Energy Food with a certain taste (sweet/savoury) led to a decrease in liking and wanting of Foods with a similar taste and Energy density. Next to this, we observed more pronounced changes in early neural processing of pictures of high-Energy/sweet Food after consumption of a high-Energy/sweet meal. Food preferences and -intake after ambient exposure to odours signalling high-Energy Food, Low-Energy Food and non-Food were not different. Odours did not affect these measures of eating behaviour differently in a hungry or satiated state and in normal-weight or overweight participants. In a group of patients who underwent Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass weight-loss surgery, we found a shift in Food preferences away from high-fat/high-sugar and towards Low-fat/Low-sugar Foods and altered activation in the frontoparietal neural network during (Food) cue processing. After compared to before surgery we also found altered prefrontal neural responses when patients inhibited their responses to pictures of high-Energy Food. These results suggest that RYGB leads to changes in cognitive control of attention and increased neural inhibitory control over behavioural responses. In conclusion, odours have a specific appetizing function in the anticipatory phase of eating. They are important in determining the taste quality and Energy-density and may be involved in the selection of Foods for macronutrient regulation. Orthonasal odours should be used to guide Food selection towards a healthier eating pattern.
Anthony P. Goldstone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Pilot Study of Gut-Brain Signaling After Octreotide Therapy for Unintentional Weight Loss After Esophagectomy.
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2020Co-Authors: Conor F. Murphy, Anthony P. Goldstone, Nicholas Stratford, Neil G. Docherty, Brendan Moran, Jessie A Elliott, M. L. Healy, Narayanasamy Ravi, Jason P Mcmorrow, John V. ReynoldsAbstract:BACKGROUND Recurrence-free patients after esophageal cancer surgery face long-term nutritional consequences, occurring in the context of an exaggerated postprandial gut hormone response. Acute gut hormone suppression influences brain reward signaling and eating behavior. This study aimed to suppress gut hormone secretion and characterize reward responses and eating behavior among postesophagectomy patients with unintentional weight loss. METHODS This pilot study prospectively studied postoperative patients with 10% or greater body weight loss (BWL) beyond 1 year who were candidates for clinical treatment with long-acting octreotide (LAR). Before and after 4 weeks of treatment, gut hormone secretion, Food cue reactivity (functional magnetic resonance imaging), eating motivation (progressive ratio task), ad libitum Food intake, body composition, and symptom burden were assessed. RESULTS Eight patients (7 male, age: mean ± SD 62.8 ± 9.4 years, postoperative BWL: 15.5 ± 5.8%) participated. Octreotide LAR did not significantly suppress total postprandial plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 response at 4 weeks (P = .08). Postprandial symptom burden improved after treatment (Sigstad score median [range]: 12 [2-28] vs 8 [3-18], P = .04) but weight remained stable (pre: 68.6 ± 12.8 kg vs post: 69.2 ± 13.4 kg, P = .13). There was no significant change in brain reward system responses, during evaluation of high-Energy or Low-Energy Food pictures, nor their appeal rating. Moreover, treatment did not alter motivation to eat (P = .41) nor ad libitum Food intake(P = .46). CONCLUSION The protocol used made it feasible to characterize the gut-brain axis and eating behavior in this cohort. Inadequate suppression of gut hormone responses 4 weeks after octreotide LAR administration may explain the lack of gut-brain pathway alterations. A higher dose or shorter interdose interval may be required to optimize the intervention.
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A Pilot Study of Gut-Brain Signaling After Octreotide Therapy for Unintentional Weight Loss After Esophagectomy.
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2020Co-Authors: Conor F. Murphy, Anthony P. Goldstone, Nicholas Stratford, Neil G. Docherty, Brendan Moran, Jessie A Elliott, M. L. Healy, Jason Mcmorrow, Narayanasamy Ravi, John V. ReynoldsAbstract:Background Recurrence-free patients after esophageal cancer surgery face long-term nutritional consequences, occurring in the context of an exaggerated post-prandial gut hormone response. Acute gut hormone suppression influences brain reward signaling and eating behavior. This study aimed to suppress gut hormone secretion and characterize reward responses and eating behavior among post-esophagectomy patients with unintentional weight loss. Methods This pilot study prospectively studied post-operative patients with ≥10% body weight loss (BWL) beyond one year who were candidates for clinical treatment with long-acting Octreotide (LAR). Before and after four weeks of treatment, gut hormone secretion, Food cue reactivity (functional MRI), eating motivation (progressive ratio task), ad libitum Food intake, body composition, and symptom burden were assessed. Results 8 patients (7 male, age: mean±SD 62.8±9.4 years, post-operative BWL: 15.5±5.8%) participated. Octreotide LAR did not significantly suppress total post-prandial plasma GLP-1 response at four weeks (P=0.08). Post-prandial symptom burden improved after treatment (Sigstad score median(range): 12(2-28) vs. 8(3-18), P=0.04), but weight remained stable (Pre:68.6±12.8kg vs. Post:69.2±13.4kg, P=0.13). There was no significant change in brain reward system responses, during evaluation of high-Energy or Low-Energy Food pictures, nor their appeal rating. Moreover, treatment did not alter motivation to eat (P=0.41) nor ad libitum Food intake(P=0.46). Conclusion The protocol used made it feasible to characterize the gut-brain axis and eating behavior in this cohort. Inadequate suppression of gut hormone responses four weeks after Octreotide LAR administration may explain the lack of gut-brain pathway alterations. A higher dose or shorter inter-dose interval may be required to optimize the intervention.
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Ghrelin mimics fasting to enhance human hedonic, orbitofrontal cortex, and hippocampal responses to Food.
The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2014Co-Authors: Anthony P. Goldstone, Navpreet Chhina, Christina G Prechtl, Samantha Scholtz, Alexander D. Miras, Giuliana Durighel, Seyedeh S Deliran, Christian Beckmann, Mohammad A Ghatei, Damien R AshbyAbstract:Background: Ghrelin, which is a stomach-derived hormone, increases with fasting and Energy restriction and may influence eating behaviors through brain hedonic reward-cognitive systems. Therefore, changes in plasma ghrelin might mediate counter-regulatory responses to a negative Energy balance through changes in Food hedonics. Objective: We investigated whether ghrelin administration (exogenous hyperghrelinemia) mimics effects of fasting (endogenous hyperghrelinemia) on the hedonic response and activation of brain-reward systems to Food. Design: In a crossover design, 22 healthy, nonobese adults (17 men) underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) Food-picture evaluation task after a 16-h overnight fast (Fasted-Saline) or after eating breakfast 95 min before scanning (730 kcal, 14% protein, 31% fat, and 55% carbohydrate) and receiving a saline (Fed-Saline) or acyl ghrelin (Fed-Ghrelin) subcutaneous injection before scanning. One male subject was excluded from the fMRI analysis because of excess head motion, which left 21 subjects with brain-activation data. Results: Compared with the Fed-Saline visit, both ghrelin administration to fed subjects (Fed-Ghrelin) and fasting (Fasted-Saline) significantly increased the appeal of high-Energy Foods and associated orbitofrontal cortex activation. Both fasting and ghrelin administration also increased hippocampus activation to high-Energy- and Low-Energy-Food pictures. These similar effects of endogenous and exogenous hyperghrelinemia were not explicable by consistent changes in glucose, insulin, peptide YY, and glucagon-like peptide-1. Neither ghrelin administration nor fasting had any significant effect on nucleus accumbens, caudate, anterior insula, or amygdala activation during the Food-evaluation task or on auditory, motor, or visual cortex activation during a control task. Conclusions: Ghrelin administration and fasting have similar acute stimulatory effects on hedonic responses and the activation of corticolimbic reward-cognitive systems during Food evaluations. Similar effects of recurrent or chronic hyperghrelinemia on an anticipatory Food reward may contribute to the negative impact of skipping breakfast on dietary habits and body weight and the long-term failure of Energy restriction for weight loss.
Conor F. Murphy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Pilot Study of Gut-Brain Signaling After Octreotide Therapy for Unintentional Weight Loss After Esophagectomy.
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2020Co-Authors: Conor F. Murphy, Anthony P. Goldstone, Nicholas Stratford, Neil G. Docherty, Brendan Moran, Jessie A Elliott, M. L. Healy, Jason Mcmorrow, Narayanasamy Ravi, John V. ReynoldsAbstract:Background Recurrence-free patients after esophageal cancer surgery face long-term nutritional consequences, occurring in the context of an exaggerated post-prandial gut hormone response. Acute gut hormone suppression influences brain reward signaling and eating behavior. This study aimed to suppress gut hormone secretion and characterize reward responses and eating behavior among post-esophagectomy patients with unintentional weight loss. Methods This pilot study prospectively studied post-operative patients with ≥10% body weight loss (BWL) beyond one year who were candidates for clinical treatment with long-acting Octreotide (LAR). Before and after four weeks of treatment, gut hormone secretion, Food cue reactivity (functional MRI), eating motivation (progressive ratio task), ad libitum Food intake, body composition, and symptom burden were assessed. Results 8 patients (7 male, age: mean±SD 62.8±9.4 years, post-operative BWL: 15.5±5.8%) participated. Octreotide LAR did not significantly suppress total post-prandial plasma GLP-1 response at four weeks (P=0.08). Post-prandial symptom burden improved after treatment (Sigstad score median(range): 12(2-28) vs. 8(3-18), P=0.04), but weight remained stable (Pre:68.6±12.8kg vs. Post:69.2±13.4kg, P=0.13). There was no significant change in brain reward system responses, during evaluation of high-Energy or Low-Energy Food pictures, nor their appeal rating. Moreover, treatment did not alter motivation to eat (P=0.41) nor ad libitum Food intake(P=0.46). Conclusion The protocol used made it feasible to characterize the gut-brain axis and eating behavior in this cohort. Inadequate suppression of gut hormone responses four weeks after Octreotide LAR administration may explain the lack of gut-brain pathway alterations. A higher dose or shorter inter-dose interval may be required to optimize the intervention.
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A Pilot Study of Gut-Brain Signaling After Octreotide Therapy for Unintentional Weight Loss After Esophagectomy.
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2020Co-Authors: Conor F. Murphy, Anthony P. Goldstone, Nicholas Stratford, Neil G. Docherty, Brendan Moran, Jessie A Elliott, M. L. Healy, Narayanasamy Ravi, Jason P Mcmorrow, John V. ReynoldsAbstract:BACKGROUND Recurrence-free patients after esophageal cancer surgery face long-term nutritional consequences, occurring in the context of an exaggerated postprandial gut hormone response. Acute gut hormone suppression influences brain reward signaling and eating behavior. This study aimed to suppress gut hormone secretion and characterize reward responses and eating behavior among postesophagectomy patients with unintentional weight loss. METHODS This pilot study prospectively studied postoperative patients with 10% or greater body weight loss (BWL) beyond 1 year who were candidates for clinical treatment with long-acting octreotide (LAR). Before and after 4 weeks of treatment, gut hormone secretion, Food cue reactivity (functional magnetic resonance imaging), eating motivation (progressive ratio task), ad libitum Food intake, body composition, and symptom burden were assessed. RESULTS Eight patients (7 male, age: mean ± SD 62.8 ± 9.4 years, postoperative BWL: 15.5 ± 5.8%) participated. Octreotide LAR did not significantly suppress total postprandial plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 response at 4 weeks (P = .08). Postprandial symptom burden improved after treatment (Sigstad score median [range]: 12 [2-28] vs 8 [3-18], P = .04) but weight remained stable (pre: 68.6 ± 12.8 kg vs post: 69.2 ± 13.4 kg, P = .13). There was no significant change in brain reward system responses, during evaluation of high-Energy or Low-Energy Food pictures, nor their appeal rating. Moreover, treatment did not alter motivation to eat (P = .41) nor ad libitum Food intake(P = .46). CONCLUSION The protocol used made it feasible to characterize the gut-brain axis and eating behavior in this cohort. Inadequate suppression of gut hormone responses 4 weeks after octreotide LAR administration may explain the lack of gut-brain pathway alterations. A higher dose or shorter interdose interval may be required to optimize the intervention.
H.f.a. Zoon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Altered neural responsivity to Food cues in relation to Food preferences, but not appetite-related hormone concentrations after RYGB-surgery.
Behavioural Brain Research, 2018Co-Authors: H.f.a. Zoon, Paul A.m. Smeets, Suzanne De Bruijn, Gerry Jager, Wendy Schijns, Edo O. Aarts, Ignace M. C. Janssen, Cees De Graaf, Sanne BoesveldtAbstract:BACKGROUND: After Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery, patients report a shift in Food preferences away from high-Energy Foods. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying this shift in Food preferences by assessing changes in neural responses to Food pictures and odors before and after RYGB. Additionally, we investigated whether altered neural responsivity was associated with changes in plasma endocannabinoid and ghrelin concentrations. DESIGN: 19 RYGB patients (4 men; age 41 ± 10 years; BMI 41 ± 1 kg/m2 before; BMI 36 ± 1 kg/m2 after) participated in this study. Before and two months after RYGB surgery, they rated their Food preferences using the Macronutrient and Taste Preference Ranking Task and BOLD fMRI responses towards pictures and odors of high-, and Low-Energy Foods and non-Food items were measured. Blood samples were taken to determine plasma endocannabinoid and ghrelin concentrations pre- and post-surgery. RESULTS: Patients demonstrated a shift in Food preferences away from high-fat/sweet and towards Low-Energy/savory Food products, which correlated with decreased superior parietal lobule responsivity to high-Energy Food odor and a reduced difference in precuneus responsivity to high-Energy versus Low-Energy Food pictures. In the anteroventral prefrontal cortex (superior frontal gyrus) the difference in deactivation towards high-Energy versus non-Food odors reduced. The precuneus was less deactivated in response to all cues. Plasma concentrations of anandamide were higher after surgery, while plasma concentrations of other endocannabinoids and ghrelin did not change. Alterations in appetite-related hormone concentrations did not correlate with changes in neural responsivity. CONCLUSIONS: RYGB leads to changed responsivity of the frontoparietal control network that orchestrates top-down control to high-Energy Food compared to Low-Energy Food and non-Food cues, rather than in reward related brain regions, in a satiated state. Together with correlations with the shift in Food preference from high- to Low-Energy Foods this indicates a possible role in new Food preference formation.
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Altered neural inhibition responses to Food cues after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass.
Biological psychology, 2018Co-Authors: H.f.a. Zoon, Paul A.m. Smeets, Gerry Jager, Wendy Schijns, Ignace M. C. Janssen, Cees De Graaf, S.e.m. De Bruijn, L. Deden, Sanne BoesveldtAbstract:Abstract Background Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is a highly effective weight-loss intervention that often reduces preference and intake of high-Energy Foods. Research into the neural mechanisms behind this shift has mainly focused on reward processing of Food cues. However, the ability to successfully control Food intake and thereby weight-loss also depends on inhibitory control capacity. We investigated whether RYGB leads to alterations in neural inhibitory control in response to Food cues. Methods A Food-specific go/no-go task with pictures of high-Energy (desserts) and Low-Energy Foods (vegetables), was used to assess neural inhibition responses before and after RYGB with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Data from 18 morbidly obese patients (15 females; age 41 ± 11 years; BMI 42 ± 4 kg/m2 before; BMI 36 ± 4 kg/m2 after) were analysed. Pre- and post-RYGB BOLD fMRI responses were compared for response inhibition towards high- and Low-Energy Foods. Participants were tested in a satiated state. Results Response inhibition to high-Energy Foods was associated with increased activation of the right lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), right medial PFC, dorsolateral PFC, right middle cingulate cortex and the right inferior frontal operculum (involved in inhibitory control), after compared to before surgery. Response inhibition to Low-Energy Foods elicited diminished post- compared to pre-surgery responses in the left superior temporal pole, right parahippocampal gyrus and right hypothalamus (involved in metabolic control). Conclusion Neural changes indicate improved response inhibition towards high-Energy Food cues, altered influence of metabolic control during response inhibition towards Low-Energy Food cues and a more positive attitude to both high-Energy and Low-Energy Food after RYGB. Alterations in neural circuits involved in inhibitory control, satiety signalling and reward processing may contribute to effective weight-loss after RYGB.
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Food preference and intake in response to ambient odours in overweight and normal-weight females.
Physiology & behavior, 2014Co-Authors: H.f.a. Zoon, Cees De Graaf, René A. De Wijk, Sanne BoesveldtAbstract:Abstract In our Food abundant environment, Food cues play an important role in the regulation of Energy intake. Odours can be considered as external cues that can signal Energy content in the anticipatory phase of eating. This study aims to determine whether exposure to olfactory cues associated with Energy dense Foods leads to increased Food intake and greater preference for Energy-dense Foods. In addition, we assessed whether BMI and hunger state modulated this effect. Twenty-five overweight (mean BMI: 31.3 kg/m 2 , S.E.: 0.6) and 25 normal-weight (mean BMI: 21.9 kg/m 2 , S.E.: 0.4) females, matched on age and restraint score, participated. In 6 separate sessions they were exposed to odours of three different categories (signalling non-Food, high-Energy Food and Low-Energy Food) in two motivational states (hungry and satiated). After 10 min of exposure Food preference was assessed with a computerized two-item forced choice task and after 20 min a Bogus Taste Test was used to determine Energy intake (kcal and g). In a hungry state, the participants ate more ( p p p = .068). Neither Energy intake (kcal: p = .553; g: p = .683) nor Food preference ( p = .280) was influenced by ambient exposure to odours signalling different categories. Future studies need to explore whether Food odours can indeed induce overeating. More insight is needed regarding the possible influence of context (e.g. short exposure duration, large variety of Food) and personality traits (e.g. restraint, impulsive) on odour-induced overeating.
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Between odours and overeating : behavioural and neurobiological mechanisms of olfactory Food-cue reactivity
2012Co-Authors: C. De Graaf, Sanne Boesveldt, H.f.a. ZoonAbstract:The obesogenic environment we live in is characterized by an abundance of available Foods and Food cues that tempt us to eat. Throughout our lives we learn to associate these Food cues (odours, pictures) with physiological consequences of Food consumption. The sense of smell is suggested to be very important for determining Food quality, guiding us away from spoilt Food and towards rewarding Foods. Increased sensitivity to environmental cues of rewarding Food, decreased sensitivity to physiological cues of hunger and a decreased ability to control impulses are thought to contribute to overeating and obesity. With the research in this thesis we aimed to elucidate the role of odours in (over)eating, to better understand how sensory Food cues and hunger feelings are involved in determining our eating pattern. We assessed the appetizing effects of exposure to odours signalling Food with a certain taste (sweet/savoury) and Energy density (high/Low). Our findings show that smelling a Food odour increases appetite for Foods that are similar to the odour, both in terms of taste and Energy density. These appetizing effects were present when participants were hungry but also when they had just eaten, indicating a possible role in overeating. Further, consumption of a high-Energy Food with a certain taste (sweet/savoury) led to a decrease in liking and wanting of Foods with a similar taste and Energy density. Next to this, we observed more pronounced changes in early neural processing of pictures of high-Energy/sweet Food after consumption of a high-Energy/sweet meal. Food preferences and -intake after ambient exposure to odours signalling high-Energy Food, Low-Energy Food and non-Food were not different. Odours did not affect these measures of eating behaviour differently in a hungry or satiated state and in normal-weight or overweight participants. In a group of patients who underwent Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass weight-loss surgery, we found a shift in Food preferences away from high-fat/high-sugar and towards Low-fat/Low-sugar Foods and altered activation in the frontoparietal neural network during (Food) cue processing. After compared to before surgery we also found altered prefrontal neural responses when patients inhibited their responses to pictures of high-Energy Food. These results suggest that RYGB leads to changes in cognitive control of attention and increased neural inhibitory control over behavioural responses. In conclusion, odours have a specific appetizing function in the anticipatory phase of eating. They are important in determining the taste quality and Energy-density and may be involved in the selection of Foods for macronutrient regulation. Orthonasal odours should be used to guide Food selection towards a healthier eating pattern.
