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Naomi Ellemers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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InGroup and outGroup support for upward mobility: Divergent responses to inGroup identification in Low Status Groups
European Journal of Social Psychology, 2014Co-Authors: Colette Van Laar, Naomi Ellemers, D. Bleeker, Eline MeijerAbstract:Members of Groups with Low societal Status can pursue individual upward mobility to improve their Status. We examine the conditions under which inGroup and outGroup members are most inclined to support such upward mobility attempts. Whereas both inGroup and outGroup supports are important, there may be tension: dissociation from the Low Status Group may Lower inGroup support, whereas association with the Low Status Group may Lower outGroup support. InGroup association can be expressed by communicating one’s affective involvement or by behaving in line with typical inGroup practices. As predicted, studies 1 and 2 show that support from the Low Status inGroup depends more on affective involvement than on behavioral identity expression (BIE). In contrast, studies 3–5 show that support from the high Status Group is more driven by the upwardly mobile individual’ sB IE. Mediational analyses show that these opposite patterns are driven by differential processes, prompted by the Group’s respective positions in the social hierarchy. The findings provide insight into how members of Low Status Groups negotiate the competing demands of the high and Low Status Groups as they pursue upward mobility. Moreover, they show how affective involvement and BIE differentially affect inGroup support and outGroup opposition. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Valuing Social Identity: Consequences for Motivation and Performance in Low‐Status Groups
Journal of Social Issues, 2010Co-Authors: Colette Van Laar, Belle Derks, Naomi Ellemers, D. BleekerAbstract:Presented is our perspective on the role of social identity in the motivation and performance of members of stigmatized Groups (e.g., ethnic minorities, women in traditionally male-dominated fields). We discuss how stigmatized Group members pursuing upward mobility face significant threats in out-Group environments through the numerical dominance of the higher Status out-Group, the negative views held by the out-Group of the Low-Status Group, and the emphasis in out-Group settings on domains on which the stigmatized Group is outperformed. In these settings, emphasis on positive in-Group domains protects social identity, and enhances motivation and performance on Status-relevant domains. Moreover, upwardly mobile Low-Status Group members show important benefits of social identity through in-Group support for their upward mobility. As such, social identities can be viewed not as problematic factors needing to be minimalized, but can be drawn on to increase positive societal outcomes and improve Low-Status Group Status.
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is it better to be moral than smart the effects of morality and competence norms on the decision to work at Group Status improvement
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2008Co-Authors: Naomi Ellemers, Manuela Barreto, Stefano Pagliaro, Colin Wayne LeachAbstract:Three studies examined strategies of Status improvement in experimentally created (Study 1 and 2) and preexisting (Study 3) Low-Status Groups. Theory and prior research suggested that an in-Group norm that established a particular strategy of Status improvement as moral (rather than competent) would have a greater effect on individuals' decision to work at this strategy. Both Study 1 and Study 2 found that morality norms had a greater impact than competence norms on individuals' decision to work at Group (rather than individual) Status improvement. In both studies participants also needed less time to decide on a strategy of Status improvement when it is was encouraged by a morality norm rather than a competence norm. Study 3 used a preexisting Low-Status Group (i.e., Southern Italians) to further confirm that morality norms have a greater effect on the decision to work at Group Status improvement than do competence norms. Results are discussed in terms of social influence and identity management strategies.
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Social creativity strikes back: improving motivated performance of Low Status Group members by valuing inGroup dimensions
European Journal of Social Psychology, 2006Co-Authors: Belle Derks, Colette Van Laar, Naomi EllemersAbstract:Motivation of stigmatized Group members to perform on Status-relevant ‘outGroup’ dimensions can be impaired after inGroup failure. Three experiments examined whether social creativity by valuing inGroup dimensions (dimensions on which an inGroup outperforms an outGroup) can increase motivation and performance on outGroup dimensions. It was hypothesized that under high social identity threat, motivation on the outGroup dimension would benefit from valuing an inGroup dimension. Experiments 1 and 2 show that when social identity threat is increased, Low Status Group members who personally value inGroup dimensions show higher motivation to perform on the outGroup dimension. Experiment 3 shows that the induction of high contextual value of both inGroup and outGroup dimensions improves Low Status Group members' well-being and motivated performance on the outGroup dimension. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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when the pressure is up the assessment of social identity threat in Low and high Status Groups
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2005Co-Authors: Daan Scheepers, Naomi EllemersAbstract:The hypothesis was tested that whereas members of a Low Status Group show a physiological threat response when evaluating a performance situation on the basis of the Status quo, members of high Status Groups show a physiological threat response when evaluating a possible change of the Status quo. Participants were categorized in minimal Groups, after which they performed a task on which Group-level feedback was given (Group Status manipulation). Later on during the experiment, a second round of this task was unexpectedly announced (implying a possible change in the Group’s Status). In line with expectations, participants in the Low Status condition showed higher blood pressure directly after the Status feedback, whereas participants in the high Status condition showed a similar response in anticipation of the second round of the task. Results are discussed in terms of social identity theory, and the physiological assessment of threats to social identity.
Arie Nadler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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When interGroup apology is not enough: Seeking help and reactions to receiving help among members of Low Status Groups
European Journal of Social Psychology, 2017Co-Authors: Samer Halabi, John F Dovidio, Arie NadlerAbstract:Relations between Groups are characterized by competition and suspicion. As a consequence, members of Low Status Groups may question the meaning of apologies offered by a high Status Group, especially under unstable Status relations. In two experiments, the present research investigated the role of the interGroup versus interpersonal apology and the potential moderating effect of the stability of interGroup relations on Low Status Group members' (a) help seeking (Study 1) and (b) responses to receiving help (Study 2) from a high Status Group. Consistent with our hypotheses, when Status relations were unstable rather than stable, folLowing a formal interGroup relative to an interpersonal apology by an Israeli official, Israeli-Arab students sought less dependency-oriented and more autonomy-oriented help from an Israeli-Jewish study coordinator (Study 1) and Jewish-Ethiopian newcomers reacted more negatively when they read about an Ethiopian-Jewish student receiving unsolicited dependency-oriented help from an Israeli-Jewish college student (Study 2). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Help that hurts? Perceptions of interGroup assistance
International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 2016Co-Authors: Samer Halabi, John F Dovidio, Arie NadlerAbstract:Abstract The current research, guided theoretically by the InterGroup Helping as Status Relations Model, explored how high and Low Status Groups (Israeli Jews and Israeli Arabs) perceive offers of help from the high to the Low Status Group. Ninety-three Arab and Jewish participants were asked to imagine and evaluate offers of help from Jews to Arabs in Israel. Consistent with the hypothesis that members of high and Low Status Groups would have different perspectives and goals in their relations, Israeli Arabs viewed help by Israeli Jews more as a way to reinforce existing hierarchy and as a way of asserting the higher Groups’ domination. Recognizing the different orientations of members of high and Low Status Groups to potentially conciliatory actions, such as helping behavior, can enhance understanding of the dynamics of interGroup relations and conflict and reveal factors that might fuel interGroup misunderstandings and tensions, which can represent a critical step to improving interGroup relations.
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seeking help from the Low Status Group effects of Status stability type of help and social categorization
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2014Co-Authors: Samer Halabi, John F Dovidio, Arie NadlerAbstract:Abstract This research extended previous work on the relationship between interGroup Status and helping exchanges by investigating the conditions that moderate the willingness of members of a high Status Group (psychology students) to seek help from a Low Status Group (social work students). In Study 1, when participants believed that there was a threat to the stability of Status relations, participants from the high Status Group were more willing to seek autonomy-oriented assistance, which is empowering, than dependency-oriented help, which could undermine their Group's advantaged Status. Study 2 considered how reframing the nature of interGroup relations by emphasizing common superordinate Group membership can influence help-seeking among members of high Status Groups. When separate Group identities were emphasized, the results replicated. However, as predicted, when common identity as mental health professional was made salient, psychology students were as willing to seek autonomy- and dependency-oriented help across both the unstable- and stable-relations conditions. Theoretical and applied implications are discussed.
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“Justified dependency”: Effects of perceived stability of social hierarchy and level of system justification on help-seeking behavior of Low-Status Group members
Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 2013Co-Authors: Lily Chernyak-hai, Samer Halabi, Arie NadlerAbstract:Recent research on interGroup helping has shown that receiving and seeking help can be a way in which Groups assert or challenge the existing hierarchy. The present research, consisting of two studies conducted in the Arab–Jewish Israeli context, examined how the manipulated perceived stability of social hierarchy and dispositional levels of system justification (SJ) influence the willingness of Arab participants to seek assistance from a Jewish helper (representing Low- and high-Status Groups in Israel, respectively). As expected, findings indicate that Arab participants who perceive the social hierarchy as just and stable, show a significantly higher preference to seek dependency-oriented help from Jews. On the other hand, those characterized as Low SJs report overall Low willingness to seek help from Jewish Group members, but show some readiness to seek autonomy-oriented help when Status relations between Arabs and Jews are perceived as stable. Theoretical and practical implications for interGroup help...
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Positive responses to interGroup assistance: The roles of apology and trust
Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 2012Co-Authors: Samer Halabi, Arie Nadler, John F DovidioAbstract:Recent research on interGroup helping has shown that offers of help from a high- to a Low-Status Group can be responded to negatively by members of the Low-Status Group. The current research, consi...
John F Dovidio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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primes and consequences a systematic review of meritocracy in interGroup relations
Frontiers in Psychology, 2019Co-Authors: Ana Filipa Madeira, John F Dovidio, Rui Costalopes, Goncalo Freitas, Mafalda F MascarenhasAbstract:Psychological interest in Meritocracy as an important social norm regulating most of the western democratic societies has significantly increased over the years. However, the way Meritocracy has been conceptualized and operationalized in experimental studies has advanced in significant ways. As a result, a variety of paradigms arose to understand the social consequences of Meritocracy for interGroup relations; in particular, to understand the adverse consequences of Meritocracy for disadvantaged Group members. The present research seeks to understand whether there is strong support for the idea that (manipulated) Meritocracy disproportionally affects members of Low Status Groups, and also to understand which specific components of this norm have been successfully manipulated and to what consequences. And this is particularly important given the recent call for greater transparency in how the success of experimental manipulations is reported. Thus, we carried out a systematic review examining the content of different prime tasks, summarizing prime manipulation checks’ effectiveness, and analyzing whether priming Meritocracy leads to less favorable orientations toward Low Status Groups. Results across 33 studies revealed that despite the existing differences in the components highlighted, the salience of any of the Meritocracy dimensions facilitates the use of internal causal attributions, negative evaluations and stereotyping towards Low Status Groups, affecting negatively decisions involving Low-Status Group members, particularly in specific domains, as organizational contexts. These results carry both practical and theoretical implications for future research on the role of Meritocracy in interGroup settings.
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When interGroup apology is not enough: Seeking help and reactions to receiving help among members of Low Status Groups
European Journal of Social Psychology, 2017Co-Authors: Samer Halabi, John F Dovidio, Arie NadlerAbstract:Relations between Groups are characterized by competition and suspicion. As a consequence, members of Low Status Groups may question the meaning of apologies offered by a high Status Group, especially under unstable Status relations. In two experiments, the present research investigated the role of the interGroup versus interpersonal apology and the potential moderating effect of the stability of interGroup relations on Low Status Group members' (a) help seeking (Study 1) and (b) responses to receiving help (Study 2) from a high Status Group. Consistent with our hypotheses, when Status relations were unstable rather than stable, folLowing a formal interGroup relative to an interpersonal apology by an Israeli official, Israeli-Arab students sought less dependency-oriented and more autonomy-oriented help from an Israeli-Jewish study coordinator (Study 1) and Jewish-Ethiopian newcomers reacted more negatively when they read about an Ethiopian-Jewish student receiving unsolicited dependency-oriented help from an Israeli-Jewish college student (Study 2). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Help that hurts? Perceptions of interGroup assistance
International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 2016Co-Authors: Samer Halabi, John F Dovidio, Arie NadlerAbstract:Abstract The current research, guided theoretically by the InterGroup Helping as Status Relations Model, explored how high and Low Status Groups (Israeli Jews and Israeli Arabs) perceive offers of help from the high to the Low Status Group. Ninety-three Arab and Jewish participants were asked to imagine and evaluate offers of help from Jews to Arabs in Israel. Consistent with the hypothesis that members of high and Low Status Groups would have different perspectives and goals in their relations, Israeli Arabs viewed help by Israeli Jews more as a way to reinforce existing hierarchy and as a way of asserting the higher Groups’ domination. Recognizing the different orientations of members of high and Low Status Groups to potentially conciliatory actions, such as helping behavior, can enhance understanding of the dynamics of interGroup relations and conflict and reveal factors that might fuel interGroup misunderstandings and tensions, which can represent a critical step to improving interGroup relations.
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seeking help from the Low Status Group effects of Status stability type of help and social categorization
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2014Co-Authors: Samer Halabi, John F Dovidio, Arie NadlerAbstract:Abstract This research extended previous work on the relationship between interGroup Status and helping exchanges by investigating the conditions that moderate the willingness of members of a high Status Group (psychology students) to seek help from a Low Status Group (social work students). In Study 1, when participants believed that there was a threat to the stability of Status relations, participants from the high Status Group were more willing to seek autonomy-oriented assistance, which is empowering, than dependency-oriented help, which could undermine their Group's advantaged Status. Study 2 considered how reframing the nature of interGroup relations by emphasizing common superordinate Group membership can influence help-seeking among members of high Status Groups. When separate Group identities were emphasized, the results replicated. However, as predicted, when common identity as mental health professional was made salient, psychology students were as willing to seek autonomy- and dependency-oriented help across both the unstable- and stable-relations conditions. Theoretical and applied implications are discussed.
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insecure Status relations shape preferences for the content of interGroup contact
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2013Co-Authors: Tamar Saguy, John F DovidioAbstract:Recent work demonstrated that whereas high-Status and Low-Status Group members seek to address cross-Group commonalities during interGroup contact, members of Low-Status Groups show a greater desire to discuss Status differences between the Groups. Drawing on social identity theory, the current research investigated the combined influence of Status legitimacy and Status stability on these contact preferences. In Study 1, perceived stability and perceived legitimacy were measured among members of a high-Status ethnic Group in Israel. In Study 2, Group Status, Status stability, and Status legitimacy were experimentally manipulated in a U.S. sample. Although they generally preferred to discuss commonalities over Status differences, across studies high-Status Group members’ willingness to discuss Status differences increased when they perceived the hierarchy as illegitimate but stable. By contrast, Low-Status Group members were particularly inclined to address Status differences and least interested in discus...
D. Bleeker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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InGroup and outGroup support for upward mobility: Divergent responses to inGroup identification in Low Status Groups
European Journal of Social Psychology, 2014Co-Authors: Colette Van Laar, Naomi Ellemers, D. Bleeker, Eline MeijerAbstract:Members of Groups with Low societal Status can pursue individual upward mobility to improve their Status. We examine the conditions under which inGroup and outGroup members are most inclined to support such upward mobility attempts. Whereas both inGroup and outGroup supports are important, there may be tension: dissociation from the Low Status Group may Lower inGroup support, whereas association with the Low Status Group may Lower outGroup support. InGroup association can be expressed by communicating one’s affective involvement or by behaving in line with typical inGroup practices. As predicted, studies 1 and 2 show that support from the Low Status inGroup depends more on affective involvement than on behavioral identity expression (BIE). In contrast, studies 3–5 show that support from the high Status Group is more driven by the upwardly mobile individual’ sB IE. Mediational analyses show that these opposite patterns are driven by differential processes, prompted by the Group’s respective positions in the social hierarchy. The findings provide insight into how members of Low Status Groups negotiate the competing demands of the high and Low Status Groups as they pursue upward mobility. Moreover, they show how affective involvement and BIE differentially affect inGroup support and outGroup opposition. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Valuing Social Identity: Consequences for Motivation and Performance in Low‐Status Groups
Journal of Social Issues, 2010Co-Authors: Colette Van Laar, Belle Derks, Naomi Ellemers, D. BleekerAbstract:Presented is our perspective on the role of social identity in the motivation and performance of members of stigmatized Groups (e.g., ethnic minorities, women in traditionally male-dominated fields). We discuss how stigmatized Group members pursuing upward mobility face significant threats in out-Group environments through the numerical dominance of the higher Status out-Group, the negative views held by the out-Group of the Low-Status Group, and the emphasis in out-Group settings on domains on which the stigmatized Group is outperformed. In these settings, emphasis on positive in-Group domains protects social identity, and enhances motivation and performance on Status-relevant domains. Moreover, upwardly mobile Low-Status Group members show important benefits of social identity through in-Group support for their upward mobility. As such, social identities can be viewed not as problematic factors needing to be minimalized, but can be drawn on to increase positive societal outcomes and improve Low-Status Group Status.
Chiara Bonetti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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InterGroup alliance orientation among intermediate-Status Group members: The role of stability of social stratification.
PloS one, 2020Co-Authors: Luca Caricati, Gianluigi Moscato, Chiara BonettiAbstract:Three studies have tested the hypothesis that intermediate-Status Groups are more oriented to ally with outGroups when their social position is under threat. In study 1, participants believed that their inGroup was intermediate in Status and social stratification was manipulated as either stable or Status-detrimental unstable. Results indicated that participants were more likely to seek alliances a) with a high-Status Group and b) when social stratification was Status-detrimental unstable. Study 2 showed that participants were more likely to seek alliances with a Lower Status Group when social stratification was Status-detrimental unstable rather than stable, while they were supportive of policies helping disadvantaged Groups regardless of the stability of social stratification. Study 3 showed that when social stratification was Status-detrimental unstable, intermediate-Status Group members were more oriented to ally with a Low-Status Group, equally supportive of policies helping disadvantaged Groups, but less oriented to supplying direct help to a Low-Status Group.
