The Experts below are selected from a list of 34581 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Sung S. Kwon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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VALUE RELEVANCE OF KEY ACCOUNTING INFORMATION AND EARNINGS MANAGEMENT: HIGH-Tech VERSUS Low-Tech FIRMS
Corporate Ownership and Control, 2007Co-Authors: Sung S. Kwon, Brian GaberAbstract:This paper examines the value-relevance of primary accounting information and the size of earnings management concurrently for high-Tech versus Low-Tech firms. Specifically, the results reveal that earnings and changes in earnings of high-Tech firms reflect Lower levels of security price reactions and associations than those of Low-Tech firms. In addition, consistent with evidence from prior research, greater levels of earnings management, measured by modified Jones and performance-matched discretionary accruals (proxies for earnings management), exist for high-Tech firms vis-à-vis Low-Tech firms over the sample period. More importantly, this paper also documents that the association between cumulative adjusted returns and key financial variables, including earnings, changes in earnings, sales, and changes in sales, remains weaker for high-Tech firms than for Low-Tech firms even after levels of earnings management have been controlled for.
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Executive Compensation, Investment Opportunities, and Earnings Management: High-Tech Firms versus Low-Tech Firms:
Journal of Accounting Auditing & Finance, 2006Co-Authors: Sung S. Kwon, Qin Jennifer YinAbstract:This paper examines the systematic differences between high-Tech and Low-Tech firms in compensation policies, the sensitivity of compensation to market and accounting performance, and earnings management in the presence of investment opportunities. We find that the level of industry participation (i.e., high-Tech versus Low-Tech) has incremental contracting value beyond the investment opportunity set (IOS) in determining executive compensation. When we control for the IOS factor, we find that high-Tech firms generally pay higher levels of total compensation by granting larger amounts of stock options than Low-Tech firms, even though they typically offer Lower cash salaries and bonuses than their Low-Tech counterparts. The relationship between compensation and stock return is higher for high-Tech firms, and there appears to be no difference in the association between compensation and accounting return in both groups. More importantly, we find that the association between bonus and discretionary accruals is...
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Financial Analysts' Forecast Accuracy and Dispersion: High-Tech versus Low-Tech Stocks
Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 2002Co-Authors: Sung S. KwonAbstract:This study focuses on systematic differences in security analysts' forecast accuracy and dispersion between high- and Low-Tech firms. In line with the recent development in theoretical models and empirical findings, it posits that security analysts' unsigned forecast error and forecast dispersion are expected to differ between high-Tech and Low-Tech firms. The results of this study provide evidence of Lower unsigned error and dispersion for high-Tech firms vis-a-vis Low-Tech firms. The higher forecast accuracy and forecast convergence for high-Tech firms relative to Low-Tech firms in financial analysts' forecasts of earnings can be attributed to the information effect prevailing over the noise effect. Given the lack of empirical studies that compare analysts' forecast accuracy and dispersion between high-Tech and Low-Tech sectors, the results of this paper provide a fresh basis for assessing how market participants vary in their treatment of New Economy stocks and factors that affect such decisions. In the light of the fact that the 1990s is a period characterized by the start of the Information Revolution through the Internet, the results of this study shed light on the usefulness of examining factors that differentiate between high-Tech firms (New Economy stocks) and Low-Tech firms (Old Economy stocks) in financial analysts' forecasting earnings.
Vitalija Venckuviene - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Estimation of NEE Low-Tech export impact to Lithuanian Low-Tech export growth
2015Co-Authors: Jūratė Pridotkienė, Daiva Laskiene, Vitalija VenckuvieneAbstract:Estimation of NEE Low-Tech export impact to Lithuanian Low-Tech export growth Jurate Pridotkiene a , Daiva Laskiene b , Vitalija Venckuviene c a, b Kaunas University of Technology, K.Donelaicio 20, LT 44249 Kaunas, Lithuania In recent decades most of advanced economies suffered enhanced competitive pressure from newly emerging economies. Especially it concerns Low-Tech sector, where the direction of international labour divisions has changed because of increasing globalization processes. Eventually newly emerging economies became the drivers for the global economic growth. The most important NEEs globally are China, Argentina, Brazil, India, Indonesia, South Africa, while Russian Federation influence decreased substantially. Developing economies beyond the BRICS, such as Viet Nam, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Turkey Mexico and others compete with each other and with BRICS in the field of FDI infLow attraction and manufacture development, at the same time gaining even greater pace of industrial development and weight in global competition. Purpose. The main purpose of the research is to estimate to what extent Low-Tech export of newly emerging economies (NEE) to the main Lithuanian Low-Tech export destination markets (mainly EU) has direct impact to the growth of Lithuanian Low-Tech export. Methodology. The impact is assessed by performing correlation-regression analysis of Lithuanian Low-Tech export data and NEE export of the same products to the same export markets, which are mainly the EU-15 markets. Research data was extracted from UN Comtrade annual data basis for the period of 2000- 2012. Commodities of Low-Tech sector were selected by SITS Rev.2 classification in 2-digit level. Reporting countries were selected as those which are the main export markets for Lithuanian Low-Tech. Partner countries were selected on the basis of the most extensive import sources for the main Lithuanian Low-Tech export destination countries (the main competitors for Lithuanian exporters). Correlation and multiple regression, which is an extension of simple linear regression, was employed in the research. This method is used in order to predict the Lithuanian export growth to the European countries based on the value of NEE export growth variables. Before the regression analysis all indicators were included in the descriptive statistics analysis. Results. The correlation-regression analysis of Lithuanian and NEE Low-Tech exports to the same European markets showed that there is no essential causal relationship between Lithuanian Low-Tech sector exports and NEE exports. Therefore other variables to the growth of Lithuanian exports to EU markets should be explored. The theoretical contribution. The research results give a basis to search for different type of relations for Lithuanian-NEE export competition. Practical implications (if applicable). The results may be useful for export promotion policy makers. Keywords: Low-Tech industry, newly emerging economies, regression analysis. Paper type : Research paper.
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Estimation of Newly Emerging Economies’ Low-Tech Export Impact on Lithuanian Low-Tech Export Growth☆
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2015Co-Authors: Jurate Pridotkiene, Vitalija Venckuviene, Daiva LaskieneAbstract:Abstract In recent decades most of advanced economies suffered enhanced competitive pressure from newly emerging economies (NEE). Especially it concerns Low-Tech sector, where the direction of international labour divisions has changed because of increasing globalization processes. Eventually newly emerging economies became the drivers for the global economic growth. Developing economies beyond the BRICS, such as Viet Nam, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Turkey, Mexico and others compete with each other and with BRICS in the field of FDI infLow attraction and manufacture development, at the same time gaining even greater weight in global competition. The paper tries to answer the question to what extent export of Lithuanian Low-Tech is dependent and was impacted by the export of NEEs to the same export markets. To answer the question correlation and regression analysis was employed. The results of correlation-regression analysis showed that to some extent there is a relation between Lithuanian and NEEs Low-Tech export to the same destination markets.
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Implications for Mitigating Human Resource and Labor Market Restriction in Low-Tech Sector
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2015Co-Authors: Vitalija Venckuviene, Asta SabonieneAbstract:Abstract The paper aims to explore the main restrictions of human resource (HR) and labor market specifically in Lithuanian Low-Tech sector and to provide implications for mitigating them in order to improve the competitiveness of this sector. In order to reveal the analyzed problem in depth the expert evaluation method has been chosen. The experts in this research cover professionals from the prominent Low-Tech companies in Lithuania, mainly top team members. The main findings suggest that the core restrictions for Low-Tech competitiveness in Lithuania include the lack of highly skilled managers, labor quality and qualifications, and such labor market related boundaries like strict labor laws and Low labor market flexibility. According to experts opinion the great effort from Government's side should address the improvement improving labor market regulations in terms of simplification of them and increasing labor market flexibility.
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Obstacles for Innovative Activities in Lithuanian Low-Tech Sector’s Companies
Mediterranean journal of social sciences, 2014Co-Authors: Vitalija VenckuvieneAbstract:The innovation concept seemed to be inherent in many fields of economy. Discourse in literature and policy formation level highlight the importance of high-Tech sector as the innovation intensive one and concurrently leaving the Low-Tech sector aside. Still few studies provide evidences that Low-Tech sector’s companies have potential to innovate (Hirsch-Kreinsen, Hahn and Jacobson, 2008, Cox, Frenz, and Prevezer, 2002, Santamaria et al., 2009, Heidenreich, 2009). Thus the paper aims to reveal the most inherent innovations in Low-Tech sector and identify the obstacles they face in introducing various types of innovations. The method of experts’ evaluation was chosen in order to gather the experts’ opinion about the specific issues on introduction of innovation in Low-Tech sector’s companies in Lithuania. An interesting finding is that marketing, organisation and networking innovations’ dimensions are considered not so inherent types of innovations as the product and Technological innovations are. Considering the highly intensive competition in Low-Tech sector’s markets the marketing strategies for creating new paths of innovations in this scope are extremely important. Also the paper discusses the main obstacles of innovative activities which were emphasized by experts. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n7p691
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Evidence of Innovation in Lithuanian Low-Tech Sector: Case Study Analysis
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2014Co-Authors: Vitalija Venckuviene, Jurate Pridotkiene, Daiva LaskieneAbstract:Abstract In general Low-Tech sector is considered as having small potential for innovation. Measuring innovation by the most popular indicator in scientific literature such as investment in R&D the Low-Tech sector definitely will be in the bottom of high-Tech leaders. It should be admitted that relying on investment in R&D is too narrow if we consider the multifaceted nature of innovation. Thus the case study method was employed to have an in-depth look on the innovation evidence in the Low-Tech sector. Findings show that a persistent struggle of the Low-Tech sector to take the high earning markets and to produce the high quality products give an impetus to be in line with the current Technologies. Thus the Technological potential is the core factor for competitiveness in the Low-Tech sector.
Qin Jennifer Yin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Executive Compensation, Investment Opportunities, and Earnings Management: High-Tech Firms versus Low-Tech Firms:
Journal of Accounting Auditing & Finance, 2006Co-Authors: Sung S. Kwon, Qin Jennifer YinAbstract:This paper examines the systematic differences between high-Tech and Low-Tech firms in compensation policies, the sensitivity of compensation to market and accounting performance, and earnings management in the presence of investment opportunities. We find that the level of industry participation (i.e., high-Tech versus Low-Tech) has incremental contracting value beyond the investment opportunity set (IOS) in determining executive compensation. When we control for the IOS factor, we find that high-Tech firms generally pay higher levels of total compensation by granting larger amounts of stock options than Low-Tech firms, even though they typically offer Lower cash salaries and bonuses than their Low-Tech counterparts. The relationship between compensation and stock return is higher for high-Tech firms, and there appears to be no difference in the association between compensation and accounting return in both groups. More importantly, we find that the association between bonus and discretionary accruals is...
Sean Lowther - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Low Tech Hacking - Low Tech hacking and the law
Low Tech Hacking, 2012Co-Authors: Jack Wiles, Terry Gudaitis, Jennifer Jabbusch, Russ Rogers, Sean LowtherAbstract:A computer can be used to commit a crime—for instance, people can use a computer to download child pornography. But that same computer can also be the victim of a crime—if, for example, an attacker attempts to break into the computer to gain access to intellectual property. Because the computer plays such an integral role in the daily activities of individuals and corporations alike, it is important to understand the crimes associated with computers and to know the law enforcement agencies to contact for help should the need arise. With that in mind, this chapter introduces readers to two senior members of law enforcement and the organizations they belong to. First, Tony Marino, U.S. Secret Service (Retired), shares his experience in the fields of electronic crimes investigation and personal protection. Then SA Greg Baker of the FBI conveys his thoughts on Low Tech hacking.
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Low Tech wireless hacking
Low Tech Hacking, 2012Co-Authors: Jack Wiles, Terry Gudaitis, Jennifer Jabbusch, Russ Rogers, Sean LowtherAbstract:It does no good to hermetically seal the windows in an organization if the doors are left wide open. But that is precisely what many organizations are doing today when they neglect to secure their wireless communications systems. Organizations habitually overlook the security of their wireless communications because they cannot see it. If they cannot see it, then they presume that no one else can either, and it is safe. However, that presumption cannot be farther from the truth. This chapter is dedicated to thwarting wireless systems of all types, armed with everything from a bobby pin to a yagi antenna. The goal of this chapter is to enable readers to “see” wireless, by explaining how it works, describing different types of devices that share common mediums and functionality, and offering clear explanations of security vulnerabilities using real-world examples. The attacks included are part of the Low Tech hacking subgenre of wireless assaults.
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Chapter 6 – Low Tech hacking for the penetration tester
Low Tech Hacking, 2012Co-Authors: Jack Wiles, Terry Gudaitis, Jennifer Jabbusch, Russ Rogers, Sean LowtherAbstract:Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the nuances of human nature and how to use traits such as selective attention to aide in distraction Techniques, and how Low Tech hackers capitalize on the six basic tendencies of human behavior (reciprocation, consistency, social validation, liking, authority, and scarcity). The chapter hashes through all the considerations of a planned attack; selecting a target, designating an attack location, factoring corporate culture of the target, and picking the right Technology and tools to increase the attack effectiveness. Humans tend to have physical, emotional, and mental limitations that impact how we process information. Our brains tend to take shortcuts, which makes reading a book more of an exercise of understanding the key concepts in the book versus one of reading every single word in the book. That same ability to generalize data from our surroundings makes us vulnerable to specially crafted attack methods. A great penetration tester can achieve high success rates by introducing slight variations in a target's environment without arousing suspicion. A case study showing how a possible Low Tech hack can be used to gain access to target computer systems is also presented in this chapter.
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chapter 6 Low Tech hacking for the penetration tester
Low Tech Hacking#R##N#Street Smarts for Security Professionals, 2012Co-Authors: Jack Wiles, Terry Gudaitis, Jennifer Jabbusch, Russ Rogers, Sean LowtherAbstract:Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the nuances of human nature and how to use traits such as selective attention to aide in distraction Techniques, and how Low Tech hackers capitalize on the six basic tendencies of human behavior (reciprocation, consistency, social validation, liking, authority, and scarcity). The chapter hashes through all the considerations of a planned attack; selecting a target, designating an attack location, factoring corporate culture of the target, and picking the right Technology and tools to increase the attack effectiveness. Humans tend to have physical, emotional, and mental limitations that impact how we process information. Our brains tend to take shortcuts, which makes reading a book more of an exercise of understanding the key concepts in the book versus one of reading every single word in the book. That same ability to generalize data from our surroundings makes us vulnerable to specially crafted attack methods. A great penetration tester can achieve high success rates by introducing slight variations in a target's environment without arousing suspicion. A case study showing how a possible Low Tech hack can be used to gain access to target computer systems is also presented in this chapter.
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Low Tech Hacking: Street Smarts for Security Professionals
2011Co-Authors: Jack Wiles, Terry Gudaitis, Jennifer Jabbusch, Russ Rogers, Sean LowtherAbstract:Criminals using hacking Techniques can cost corporations, governments, and individuals millions of dollars each year. While the media focuses on the grand-scale attacks that have been planned for months and executed by teams and countries, there are thousands more that aren't broadcast. Low Tech Hacking focuses on the everyday hacks that, while simple in nature, actually add up to the most significant losses. Attackers are using common Techniques like social engineering, wireless hacking, and targeting and surveillance to gain access to valuable data. This book contains detailed descriptions of potential threats and vulnerabilities, many of which the majority of the information systems world may be unaware. Author Jack Wiles spent many years as an inside penetration testing team leader, proving these threats and vulnerabilities exist and their countermeasures work. His contributing authors are among the best in the world in their respective areas of expertise. Contains insider knowledge of what could be your most likely Low Tech threat Includes timely advice from some of the top security minds in the world Covers many detailed countermeasures that you can employ to improve your security posture Table of Contents Foreword by Paul A. Henry Introduction Chapter 1. Social Engineering-The Ultimate Low Tech Hacking Threat Chapter 2. Low Tech?Vulerabilities-Physical Security Chapter 3. More About Locks and Ways to Low Tech Hack Them Chapter 4. Low Tech Wireless Hacking Chapter 5. Low Tech Targeting and Surveillance-How Much Could They Find Out About You? Chapter 6. Low Tech Hacking for the Penetration Tester Chapter 7. Low Tech Hacking and the Law-Where Can You Go For Help? Chapter 8. Information Security Awareness Training: Your Most Valuable Countermeasure to Employee Risk
Kostas Tsekouras - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Productive performance based on R&D activities of Low-Tech firms: an antecedent of the decision to export?
Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Areti Gkypali, Kostas TsekourasAbstract:We argue that Technical efficiency, when R&D stock is considered as a crucial resource, reflects the effectiveness of the underlying firm governance mechanism which transforms competencies into capabilities. We argue that for the case of Low-Tech R&D active firms (i) their R&D-based productive performance and their decision to export are endogenously related 'due to self-selection', (ii) the examined Low-Tech R&D active firms are dichotomized in two regimes, exporters and non-exporters, and (iii) the role of innovation patterns is a premise in determining Low-Tech firms' R&D-based productive performance and export decision-making. We provide empirical evidence on the above hypotheses exploiting information from a unique data set regarding Greek Low-Tech R&D active manufacturing firms and adopting bootstrap data envelopment analysis Techniques as well as an appropriate endogenous switching regressions, of the Mover-Stayer type, econometric model.
