The Experts below are selected from a list of 2403 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Carlo Giorgio Visconti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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intensifying heat transfer in fischer tropsch tubular reactors through the adoption of conductive packed foams
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2018Co-Authors: Laura Fratalocchi, Carlo Giorgio Visconti, Luca Lietti, Gianpiero Groppi, Enrico TronconiAbstract:Abstract The Low-Temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is a strongly exothermic process wherein the Temperature control is a crucial issue. In this work, we demonstrate experimentally for the first time the adoption of a Fischer-Tropsch tubular reactor (2.78 cm I.D.) loaded with a highly conductive open-cell aluminum foam packed with catalyst microspheres to enhance heat exchange. Accordingly, the performances of a highly active Co/Pt/Al2O3 catalyst packed into the metallic structure are assessed at industrially relevant operating conditions and compared with those obtained in a conventional randomly packed fixed-bed reactor. The structured catalyst reaches outstanding performances (duties in excess of 1300 kW/m3 with CO conversions >65%) with a remarkable Temperature control. Almost flat axial Temperature profiles are measured along the catalytic bed even under the most severe process conditions, showing the excellent ability of the “highly conductive packed-foam reactor” concept to manage the strong exothermicity of the reaction. In contrast, when the same experiment is carried out over the same Co/Pt/Al2O3 catalyst just randomly packed in the reactor, an abrupt increase of the catalyst Temperature occurs already at Low Temperature, eventually leading to thermal runaway. The results herein collected prove the potential of conductive metal foams as enhanced reactor internals for the intensification of strongly exothermic processes in nonadiabatic tubular reactors. Furthermore, the “packed-foam” configuration also demonstrates the possibility to overcome the inherently limited catalyst inventory of the washcoated conductive structured reactors proposed so far, thus boosting the productivity per reactor volume.
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Kinetics of Low-Temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis on cobalt catalysts: Are both slurry autoclave and tubular packed-bed reactors adequate to collect relevant data at lab-scale?
The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2016Co-Authors: Carlo Giorgio Visconti, Luca Lietti, Enrico Tronconi, Stefano RossiniAbstract:To verify the equivalence of kinetic data obtained in lab-scale packed-bed and slurry reactors for Low-Temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over cobalt-based catalysts, the same Co/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was tested in both reactors, studying the effects of the process conditions (Temperature, pressure, syngas composition, gas space velocity) on CO conversion rate and on product distribution. Then, both a lumped CO conversion rate equation and detailed kinetics (i.e. describing the rates of reactants conversion and product formation) were developed based on the data collected in the packed-bed tubular reactor. The two models were finally used to simulate the performance of the slurry autoclave. By describing the slurry autoclave as a continuous stirred tank reactor and the packed-bed as plug-fLow reactor, the kinetic information collected with the two reactors is fully equivalent and can be used indiscriminately to describe the rates of reactant consumption and product formation.
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A novel preparation method for “small” eggshell Co/γ-Al2O3 catalysts: A promising catalytic system for compact Fischer–Tropsch reactors
Catalysis Today, 2015Co-Authors: Laura Fratalocchi, Carlo Giorgio Visconti, Luca Lietti, Enrico Tronconi, Ugo Cornaro, Stefano RossiniAbstract:Abstract Due to the need of limiting pressure drop, and the consequent necessity of adopting “big” catalyst pellets, Low-Temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis in industrial fixed-bed reactors may suffer of strong intra-particle mass transport limitations, which are known to result in decreased CO conversion rate and C 5 + selectivity. Upon decoupling the pellet diameter and the diffusive length, eggshell catalysts represent an engineering solution for the intensification of the Fischer–Tropsch reactors. In this work, preparation, characterization and testing of impregnated Co/γ-Al 2 O 3 eggshell catalysts with sharply defined outer shell regions are reported. The method developed to impregnate the active phase only on the outer layer of the support is based on the “protection” of the inner pores of the support with an organic liquid and on the control of the contact time between the impregnating solution and the protected support. The method is particularly suitable to prepare “small” eggshell pellets, with diameters beLow 1 mm, to be used in compact FT reactors. It is shown that 600 μm pellets, with catalytically active layers 75 μm thick, grant a remarkable combination of high CO conversion rate and high C 5 + selectivity, thus resulting extremely interesting for operations in reactors 3–6 m long.
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Vapor–Liquid Equilibria in the Low-Temperature Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2013Co-Authors: Carlo Giorgio ViscontiAbstract:The design and the performances of reactors for the Low-Temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis may be strongly affected by the presence of a liquid phase creating a boundary layer around the catalyst pellets and filling their pores. Accordingly, it is of the utmost importance to be able to compute the yield of liquid products formed during the reaction. In this paper, such a problem has been faced through the joint use of a detailed mechanistic kinetic model, able to predict the product yields as a function of the process conditions, and of a nonideal isothermal and isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium calculation. It has been found that when a representative cobalt-based catalyst is operated at the typical Low-Temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis process conditions, more than 99 mol % of the hydrocarbon products are in the vapor phase. In particular, C20– species are almost entirely vapor, C31+ species are almost entirely liquid, while C21–C30 species are split between the two phases. The precise prediction...
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Calculating the product yields and the vapor–liquid equilibrium in the Low-Temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis
Catalysis Today, 2013Co-Authors: Carlo Giorgio Visconti, Marina MascellaroAbstract:Abstract The ultimate goal of this paper is the assessment of the yield of liquid hydrocarbons formed in the Low-Temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis over a representative cobalt-based catalyst at relevant process conditions. To achieve this goal, a set of steady-state Fischer–Tropsch runs has been carried out in a lab-scale reactor loaded with a 20 wt.% Co/Al 2 O 3 catalyst, investigating the effects of the main process conditions (Temperature, H 2 /CO inlet ratio, content of inert gas in the feed, syngas space velocity) on the reactants conversion and on the C 1 –C 50 product selectivity. Then, a CO conversion kinetic model and a product distribution model have been developed and have been jointly adopted to describe the product yields in the reactor as a function of the process conditions. Product yields have been finally used as input for an isothermal and isobaric non-ideal vapor–liquid equilibrium calculation. It has been found that, at the typical Low-Temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis process conditions, more than 95 mol.% of the C 1 –C 30 hydrocarbons, that in general represent more than 99 mol.% of the hydrocarbon products, are in the vapor phase.
Georg Schaub - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Analysis of Three-Phase Catalytic Fuel Synthesis Reactors for Flexible Operation
Chemical Engineering & Technology, 2016Co-Authors: Hilko Eilers, Georg SchaubAbstract:In future energy systems, flexible reactor operation may be needed if electricity produced from renewable sources is to be converted into chemical energy carriers (synfuels). Factors limiting the flexibility in a synfuel process can occur on different scales (catalyst, reactor, process). The present study addresses transient catalyst and reactor effects in three-phase catalytic synthesis reactors with Low-Temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis as an example reaction. A method was developed based on lab-scale experiments with step changes and periodic changes of inlet variables and mathematical models for experimental design and data analysis. Changes of inlet variables such as the feed-gas fLow, syngas H2/CO ratio, and Temperature led, in some cases, to transient effects caused by catalyst changes or by reactor characteristics.
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Combinations of CO/CO2 reactions with Fischer–Tropsch synthesis
Catalysis Today, 2013Co-Authors: M Iglesias, R. Edzang, Georg SchaubAbstract:Abstract The combination of CO/CO 2 shift reactions with Fischer–Tropsch synthesis offers the possibility to produce hydrocarbons from CO-rich syngas (from biomass or coal gasification) and from H 2 /CO 2 mixtures. In the case of CO-rich synthesis gas, the H 2 /CO ratio needs to meet stoichiometric requirements for the Low-Temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis and therefore the CO is shifted to CO 2 to form additional H 2 . Mixtures of H 2 /CO 2 require the shift of CO 2 into CO, which acts as intermediate in the production of short-chain hydrocarbons via high-Temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. The present work analyzes based on validated kinetic models how the shift reaction affects the FT reaction under operation conditions of interest and how both FT and shift reactions can be optimized to maximize hydrocarbon production.
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Low-Temperature Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis on Cobalt Catalysts—Effects of CO_2
Topics in Catalysis, 2003Co-Authors: Thomas Riedel, Georg SchaubAbstract:Effects of CO_2 on Low-Temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis were investigated with four different cobalt catalysts in an experimental study. CO_2 was found to behave as an inert gas component with three catalysts, however, a negative effect on Fischer–Tropsch reaction rate and catalyst deactivation was observed in one case (Co-La-Ru-SiO_2). CO_2 effects in a large-scale FTS slurry reactor were simulated by means of a mathematical reactor model using the kinetic information gained in the experiments. The reactor volume required for achieving a desired CO conversion must be higher if the syngas contains CO_2, more strongly in cases where the catalyst exhibits a deactivation behavior in the presence of CO_2. These model calculations can contribute to process optimization with respect to CO_2 removal before synthesis.
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Low Temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis on cobalt catalysts - effects of CO2
Topics in Catalysis, 2003Co-Authors: Thomas Riedel, Georg SchaubAbstract:Effects of CO2 on Low-Temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis were investigated with four different cobalt catalysts in an experimental study. CO2 was found to behave as an inert gas component with three catalysts, however, a negative effect on Fischer–Tropsch reaction rate and catalyst deactivation was observed in one case (Co-La-Ru-SiO2). CO2 effects in a large-scale FTS slurry reactor were simulated by means of a mathematical reactor model using the kinetic information gained in the experiments. The reactor volume required for achieving a desired CO conversion must be higher if the syngas contains CO2, more strongly in cases where the catalyst exhibits a deactivation behavior in the presence of CO2. These model calculations can contribute to process optimization with respect to CO2 removal before synthesis.
Jie Feng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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energy use greenhouse gases emission and cost effectiveness of an integrated high and Low Temperature fisher tropsch synthesis plant from a lifecycle viewpoint
Applied Energy, 2018Co-Authors: Yi Huang, Qun Yi, Jingxian Kang, Wenying Li, Jie FengAbstract:The lifecycle assessment of energy–greenhouse gases emission–economic performance for single Low–Temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (LTFTS), high–Temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (HTFTS) and HTFTS–LTFTS co-production from coal are investigated and compared to the oil refining process. This covers feedstock supply chain and oil production at the oil refinery and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) plants. Results show that the energy input and CO2 emission are mostly from coal mining and washing and oil production at the plant for FTS plants or oil refinery. Cost input is largely from feedstock cost and capital cost for FTS plants, crude oil cost, and transport cost for oil refining process. Compared to oil refinery pathway, FTS to oil currently presents no advantages in the aspect of lifecycle of energy use and greenhouse gases emission. However, the HTFTS-LTFTS demonstrates a favorable economic feasibility especially at a Low oil price, indicating that the combined system presents high flexibility and strong market adaptability compared to traditional stand–alone HTFTS, LTFTS and oil refinery plant. Furthermore, in comparison with single HTFTS and LTFTS plants, HTFTS–LTFTS makes a big progress in CO2 emission per unit profit due to its excellent economic benefits. Such an alternative way of coal to oil has an enormous potential to simultaneously satisfy requirements of oil safety and standard of CO2 emission reduction in China.
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System development of integrated high Temperature and Low Temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis for high value chemicals
Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2018Co-Authors: Jie FengAbstract:Abstract The conventional indirect coal-to-liquid process suffers from improperly utilization of Fischer–Tropsch (FT) syncrude and poor economic performance. In consideration of the potential synergies in the process and product integration from the high Temperature Fischer–Tropsch (HTFT) and the Low Temperature Fischer–Tropsch technology (LTFT), the novel HTFT–LTFT system integrated HTFT and LTFT synthesis is proposed based on the advanced coal gasification and FT techniques to improve efficiency and add products value. The HTFT–LTFT system is firstly modelled in Aspen Plus platform and then evaluated by the energy, exergy, and detailed economic analysis. The synergies of the integrated system are discussed by comparing with the separate HTFT or LTFT system. Results show that the integrated HTFT–LTFT system is efficiently and economically superior to the separate HTFT or LTFT system, which reduces the capital investment by 18.2% and increases the annual income by more than 10%. The integrated HTFT–LTFT system with the coproduction of olefins and base oil simultaneously presents the IRR of 15.2% and has high ability against product prices fluctuation.
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Feasibility analysis of high–Low Temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis integration in olefin production
Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2018Co-Authors: Yi Huang, Qi Chu, Kechang Xie, Qi-wen Sun, Jie FengAbstract:Abstract A novel system combining high- (HTFT) and Low-Temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (LTFT) in olefin production is proposed. Utilizing syngas from coal gasification as the feed gas, the combined system integrates the advantages of HTFT and LTFT and results in an increased range of products, namely α-olefins (mainly C4, C6, and C8), synthetic lubricant, gasoline, diesel, and naphth. The system avoids the risk of product market fluctuation and especially realizes the objective of diversifying production and maximizing economic benefit. Innovative ethylene oligomerization process is suggested to increase the α-olefins production. Different schemes of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis process are simulated by the aid of Aspen Plus software and a feasibility analysis on each of them is also done. In an economic perspective, the optimal ratio of HTFT to LTFT for the HTFT–LTFT combined plant with ethylene oligomerization scheme is 3:2. The project presents a Low fresh water consumption of 0.138 kWh/USD, electricity consumption of 3.78 × 10−3 kWh/USD and CO2 emission of 2.52 kWh/USD, and is expected to have a net present value of 8.66 billion USD and an annual average of return on investment of 42.03% under the current crude oil price 0.25–0.31 USD/L (2015–2017). These data demonstrate that the combined system has excellent economic profits and a remarkable ability to resist market risks compared to traditional single HTFT or LTFT process under a Low crude oil price (beLow 0.5 USD/L).
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Energy use, greenhouse gases emission and cost effectiveness of an integrated high– and Low–Temperature Fisher–Tropsch synthesis plant from a lifecycle viewpoint
Applied Energy, 2018Co-Authors: Yi Huang, Jie Feng, Jingxian Kang, Guoqiang Wei, Kechang XieAbstract:The lifecycle assessment of energy–greenhouse gases emission–economic performance for single Low–Temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (LTFTS), high–Temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (HTFTS) and HTFTS–LTFTS co-production from coal are investigated and compared to the oil refining process. This covers feedstock supply chain and oil production at the oil refinery and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) plants. Results show that the energy input and CO2 emission are mostly from coal mining and washing and oil production at the plant for FTS plants or oil refinery. Cost input is largely from feedstock cost and capital cost for FTS plants, crude oil cost, and transport cost for oil refining process. Compared to oil refinery pathway, FTS to oil currently presents no advantages in the aspect of lifecycle of energy use and greenhouse gases emission. However, the HTFTS-LTFTS demonstrates a favorable economic feasibility especially at a Low oil price, indicating that the combined system presents high flexibility and strong market adaptability compared to traditional stand–alone HTFTS, LTFTS and oil refinery plant. Furthermore, in comparison with single HTFTS and LTFTS plants, HTFTS–LTFTS makes a big progress in CO2 emission per unit profit due to its excellent economic benefits. Such an alternative way of coal to oil has an enormous potential to simultaneously satisfy requirements of oil safety and standard of CO2 emission reduction in China.
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Process Systems Engineering of High-Low Temperature Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Integration in Olefin Production
Energy Procedia, 2017Co-Authors: Yi Huang, Jie Feng, Qi Chu, Kechang Xie, Qi-wen SunAbstract:Abstract A novel system combing high- and Low-Temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (HTFT and LTFT) in olefin production is proposed. Utilizing syngas from coal gasification as the feed gas, the combined system integrates the advantages of HTFT and LTFT and results in an increased range of products, namely α-olefins (mainly C4, C6, and C8), synthetic lubricant, gasoline, diesel, naphtha, greatly enhancing the system’s market adaptability. The system avoids the risk of product market fluctuation, and especially realizes the objective of diversifying production and maximizing economic benefit. Ethylene oligomerization process is innovatively proposed to increase the α-olefins production. A techno-economic analysis was performed on the above system using Aspen Plus software. Results indicated that the income of α-olefins accounts for at least 20% of the total income of the system and this percentage increases with increasing contribution share of HTFT to the combined synthesis system. From the viewpoint of economic perspective, the optimal ratio of HTFT to LTFT for the HTFT - LTFT combined system with ethylene oligomerization scheme is 3:2. The project is expected to have a net present value of 11.45 billion USD, and internal rate of return of 28.31% under the current economic consumption, which shows excellent economic profits and demonstrates that the combined system presents the remarkable ability to resist market risks compared to traditional stand-alone HTFT or LTFT process under a Low oil price scenario.
Enrico Tronconi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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intensifying heat transfer in fischer tropsch tubular reactors through the adoption of conductive packed foams
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2018Co-Authors: Laura Fratalocchi, Carlo Giorgio Visconti, Luca Lietti, Gianpiero Groppi, Enrico TronconiAbstract:Abstract The Low-Temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is a strongly exothermic process wherein the Temperature control is a crucial issue. In this work, we demonstrate experimentally for the first time the adoption of a Fischer-Tropsch tubular reactor (2.78 cm I.D.) loaded with a highly conductive open-cell aluminum foam packed with catalyst microspheres to enhance heat exchange. Accordingly, the performances of a highly active Co/Pt/Al2O3 catalyst packed into the metallic structure are assessed at industrially relevant operating conditions and compared with those obtained in a conventional randomly packed fixed-bed reactor. The structured catalyst reaches outstanding performances (duties in excess of 1300 kW/m3 with CO conversions >65%) with a remarkable Temperature control. Almost flat axial Temperature profiles are measured along the catalytic bed even under the most severe process conditions, showing the excellent ability of the “highly conductive packed-foam reactor” concept to manage the strong exothermicity of the reaction. In contrast, when the same experiment is carried out over the same Co/Pt/Al2O3 catalyst just randomly packed in the reactor, an abrupt increase of the catalyst Temperature occurs already at Low Temperature, eventually leading to thermal runaway. The results herein collected prove the potential of conductive metal foams as enhanced reactor internals for the intensification of strongly exothermic processes in nonadiabatic tubular reactors. Furthermore, the “packed-foam” configuration also demonstrates the possibility to overcome the inherently limited catalyst inventory of the washcoated conductive structured reactors proposed so far, thus boosting the productivity per reactor volume.
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Kinetics of Low-Temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis on cobalt catalysts: Are both slurry autoclave and tubular packed-bed reactors adequate to collect relevant data at lab-scale?
The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2016Co-Authors: Carlo Giorgio Visconti, Luca Lietti, Enrico Tronconi, Stefano RossiniAbstract:To verify the equivalence of kinetic data obtained in lab-scale packed-bed and slurry reactors for Low-Temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over cobalt-based catalysts, the same Co/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was tested in both reactors, studying the effects of the process conditions (Temperature, pressure, syngas composition, gas space velocity) on CO conversion rate and on product distribution. Then, both a lumped CO conversion rate equation and detailed kinetics (i.e. describing the rates of reactants conversion and product formation) were developed based on the data collected in the packed-bed tubular reactor. The two models were finally used to simulate the performance of the slurry autoclave. By describing the slurry autoclave as a continuous stirred tank reactor and the packed-bed as plug-fLow reactor, the kinetic information collected with the two reactors is fully equivalent and can be used indiscriminately to describe the rates of reactant consumption and product formation.
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A novel preparation method for “small” eggshell Co/γ-Al2O3 catalysts: A promising catalytic system for compact Fischer–Tropsch reactors
Catalysis Today, 2015Co-Authors: Laura Fratalocchi, Carlo Giorgio Visconti, Luca Lietti, Enrico Tronconi, Ugo Cornaro, Stefano RossiniAbstract:Abstract Due to the need of limiting pressure drop, and the consequent necessity of adopting “big” catalyst pellets, Low-Temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis in industrial fixed-bed reactors may suffer of strong intra-particle mass transport limitations, which are known to result in decreased CO conversion rate and C 5 + selectivity. Upon decoupling the pellet diameter and the diffusive length, eggshell catalysts represent an engineering solution for the intensification of the Fischer–Tropsch reactors. In this work, preparation, characterization and testing of impregnated Co/γ-Al 2 O 3 eggshell catalysts with sharply defined outer shell regions are reported. The method developed to impregnate the active phase only on the outer layer of the support is based on the “protection” of the inner pores of the support with an organic liquid and on the control of the contact time between the impregnating solution and the protected support. The method is particularly suitable to prepare “small” eggshell pellets, with diameters beLow 1 mm, to be used in compact FT reactors. It is shown that 600 μm pellets, with catalytically active layers 75 μm thick, grant a remarkable combination of high CO conversion rate and high C 5 + selectivity, thus resulting extremely interesting for operations in reactors 3–6 m long.
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Monolithic catalysts with high thermal conductivity for the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis in tubular reactors
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2011Co-Authors: Carlo Giorgio Visconti, Luca Lietti, Enrico Tronconi, Stefano Rossini, Gianpiero Groppi, Massimo Iovane, Roberto ZennaroAbstract:Abstract The adoption of multitubular reactors loaded with washcoated structured catalysts having highly conductive honeycomb supports has been proposed as an alternative to conventional packed-bed reactors in order to approach the ideal plug-fLow behaviour while (i) enabling isothermal operation of highly endo- and exo-thermic reactions, (ii) facilitating the intraparticle mass-transfer, and (iii) limiting pressure drop. The potential of such reactors in the Low Temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis is investigated herein by means of a pseudo-continuous, heterogeneous, two-dimensional mathematical model of a single reactor tube. Simulation results indicate that extruded aluminum honeycomb monoliths, washcoated with a Co/Al 2 O 3 catalyst, are promising for the application at the industrial scale, in particular when adopting supports with high cell densities and catalysts with high activity. Limited Temperature gradients are in fact possible even at extreme process conditions, thus leading to interesting volumetric reactor yields with negligible pressure drop. This result is achieved without the need of cofeeding to the reactor large amounts of liquid hydrocarbons to remove the reaction heat, as opposite to existing industrial Fischer–Tropsch packed-bed reactors.
Baoning Zong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nanocrystalline iron–boron catalysts for Low-Temperature CO hydrogenation: Selective liquid fuel production and structure–activity correlation
Journal of Catalysis, 2016Co-Authors: Yi Cheng, Minghua Qiao, Jun Lin, Yan Pei, Shirun Yan, Hao Wang, Songhai Xie, Baoning ZongAbstract:Abstract Low-Temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (LTFTS) is one of the green routes for liquid fuel production. We prepared nanocrystalline Fe–B catalysts with different particle sizes and microstructures by adjusting the addition sequence of the precursors. In situ carburization of the Fe–B catalysts at 423 K revealed that the addition sequence influenced the rate and degree of carburization pronouncedly. In LTFTS at 423 K, the Fe–B catalysts displayed similar, markedly high selectivity to liquid fuels, with ∼48% for C5–C11 (gasoline fraction) and ∼31% for C12–C20 (diesel fraction) hydrocarbons, and Low selectivities to CO2 and CH4, manifesting excellent carbon atom economy over the non-noble Fe–B catalysts. While the carburization degree did not affect the product distribution, the activities of the Fe–B catalysts evolved positively with the e-Fe2C content. Moreover, a good linear relationship was established between the Fe–Fe coordination number and the e-Fe2C content.
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e iron carbide as a Low Temperature fischer tropsch synthesis catalyst
Nature Communications, 2014Co-Authors: Ke Xu, Minghua Qiao, Xiaoxin Zhang, Baoning ZongAbstract:e-Iron carbide is a promising catalyst for Low-Temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis but is difficult to synthesize. Here, the authors report a rapid-quenching process for the synthesis of nanocrystalline e-iron carbide, and evaluate the catalytic activity and selectivity of the material.
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ε -Iron carbide as a Low-Temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalyst
Nature Communications, 2014Co-Authors: Bo Sun, Minghua Qiao, Xiaoxin Zhang, Jun Lin, Wen Wen, Yan Pei, Shirun Yan, Baoning ZongAbstract:e-Iron carbide is a promising catalyst for Low-Temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis but is difficult to synthesize. Here, the authors report a rapid-quenching process for the synthesis of nanocrystalline e-iron carbide, and evaluate the catalytic activity and selectivity of the material.
