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Jillian Garvey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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bennett s wallaby Macropus rufogriseus marrow quality vs quantity evaluating human decision making and seasonal occupation in late pleistocene tasmania
Journal of Archaeological Science, 2011Co-Authors: Jillian GarveyAbstract:Abstract A pilot study on the fatty acid composition of the bone marrow, brain tissue and muscle (flesh) of the medium-sized marsupial the Bennett’s wallaby ( Macropus rufogriseus ), aimed to explore the mechanisms behind the dominance of this human prey species in late Pleistocene southwest Tasmania. In particular it was designed to investigate why humans frequently selected and transported the wallaby hindquarters, breaking open their longbones and metatarsals to expose the marrow cavity, when these animals could easily have been transported whole. Initial results indicated that the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids particularly palmitoleic acid (C 16:1 ) and oleic acid (C 18:1 ) in the bone marrow increased distally away from the body core temperature or the heart, towards the hands and feet. There is a corresponding decrease in the percentage of the saturated fatty acids, particularly palmitic acid (C 16:0 ) and stearic acid (C 18:0 ). This is similar to the pattern identified in placental artiodactyls (even-toed ungulates) and rodents. The preliminary study was then expanded to a year-long seasonal experiment involving wallabies from different Tasmanian environmental and climatic zones to see if this can better help explain the apparent seasonal occupation of caves indicated from recent Bennett’s wallaby teeth annuli (Skeletochronological studies). It was found that the Bennett’s wallaby remained a relatively stable and dependable resource throughout the year, with environmental, altitudinal and seasonal variability having only a minor effect on the fatty acid composition or nutritional quality of their bone marrow, muscle and brain tissue. Interestingly, the animals had increased desirable unsaturated fatty acids in their marrow, muscle and brain during the winter and spring with decreased amounts during the summer and autumn. This lends support to an earlier Kidney Fat Index (KFI) analysis for the Bennett’s wallaby which recorded significant seasonal differences within and between regions, indicating an environmental effect on overall body condition. Fatty acid analysis of the Common wombat Vombatus ursinus , the Tasmanian pademelon Thylogale billardierii , and the Forester or Eastern Grey kangaroo Macropus giganteus were also included to ascertain why these animals remained constant, although minor, prey species throughout the late Pleistocene. While the results from these animals were similar to the Bennett’s wallaby, there were some unexpected and surprising patterns that require further investigation. All of these fatty acid analyses have important implications for understanding human decision-making and occupation of southwest Tasmania during the Last Glacial Maximum, for modern dietary and palaeodietary benefits, and for understanding the physiology of these unique Australian marsupials.
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Bennett’s wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus) marrow quality vs quantity: evaluating human decision-making and seasonal occupation in late Pleistocene Tasmania
Journal of Archaeological Science, 2011Co-Authors: Jillian GarveyAbstract:Abstract A pilot study on the fatty acid composition of the bone marrow, brain tissue and muscle (flesh) of the medium-sized marsupial the Bennett’s wallaby ( Macropus rufogriseus ), aimed to explore the mechanisms behind the dominance of this human prey species in late Pleistocene southwest Tasmania. In particular it was designed to investigate why humans frequently selected and transported the wallaby hindquarters, breaking open their longbones and metatarsals to expose the marrow cavity, when these animals could easily have been transported whole. Initial results indicated that the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids particularly palmitoleic acid (C 16:1 ) and oleic acid (C 18:1 ) in the bone marrow increased distally away from the body core temperature or the heart, towards the hands and feet. There is a corresponding decrease in the percentage of the saturated fatty acids, particularly palmitic acid (C 16:0 ) and stearic acid (C 18:0 ). This is similar to the pattern identified in placental artiodactyls (even-toed ungulates) and rodents. The preliminary study was then expanded to a year-long seasonal experiment involving wallabies from different Tasmanian environmental and climatic zones to see if this can better help explain the apparent seasonal occupation of caves indicated from recent Bennett’s wallaby teeth annuli (Skeletochronological studies). It was found that the Bennett’s wallaby remained a relatively stable and dependable resource throughout the year, with environmental, altitudinal and seasonal variability having only a minor effect on the fatty acid composition or nutritional quality of their bone marrow, muscle and brain tissue. Interestingly, the animals had increased desirable unsaturated fatty acids in their marrow, muscle and brain during the winter and spring with decreased amounts during the summer and autumn. This lends support to an earlier Kidney Fat Index (KFI) analysis for the Bennett’s wallaby which recorded significant seasonal differences within and between regions, indicating an environmental effect on overall body condition. Fatty acid analysis of the Common wombat Vombatus ursinus , the Tasmanian pademelon Thylogale billardierii , and the Forester or Eastern Grey kangaroo Macropus giganteus were also included to ascertain why these animals remained constant, although minor, prey species throughout the late Pleistocene. While the results from these animals were similar to the Bennett’s wallaby, there were some unexpected and surprising patterns that require further investigation. All of these fatty acid analyses have important implications for understanding human decision-making and occupation of southwest Tasmania during the Last Glacial Maximum, for modern dietary and palaeodietary benefits, and for understanding the physiology of these unique Australian marsupials.
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Economic anatomy of the Bennett's wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus): Implications for understanding human hunting strategies in late Pleistocene Tasmania
Quaternary International, 2009Co-Authors: Jillian GarveyAbstract:Humans in late Pleistocene southwest Tasmania focused on the medium-sized macropod, the Bennett's wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus), with recent skeletochronological (dental growth-increment) analysis of wallaby teeth suggesting that hunting occurred in upland and lowland valleys on a coordinated seasonal basis. The frequencies of wallaby body parts and elements in the zooarchaeological assemblages, in particular the dominance of hindlimbs and metatarsals, implies that humans were selectively targeting these elements as part of their high latitude economic strategy despite the relatively small size of the prey. To help understand the economic potential of this prey species a meat utility index based on the associated flesh weight per skeletal element was derived for the Bennett's wallaby. It was found the posterior parts of the animal, especially the femur, tibia/fibula, sacral vertebrate and pelvis were the highest ranked body parts, while the cranium, pectoral girdle, forelimbs and manus were of little economic value. These results were then compared to the distribution of wallaby body parts found in the zooarchaeological record from Kutikina Cave to help better understand human adaptation and decision-making in late Pleistocene southwest Tasmania.
Kate Jirik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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LibGuides: Red-necked Wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus) Fact Sheet: Summary
2016Co-Authors: Kate JirikAbstract:Red-necked Wallaby Macropus rufogriseus Species fact summary, fact sheet table of contents, how to cite
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LibGuides: Red-necked Wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus) Fact Sheet: Physical Characteristics
2016Co-Authors: Kate JirikAbstract:Red-necked Wallaby Macropus rufogriseus Physical measurements, appearance, sexual dimorphism, key characteristics
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LibGuides: Red-necked Wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus) Fact Sheet: Taxonomy & History
2016Co-Authors: Kate JirikAbstract:Red-necked Wallaby Macropus rufogriseus Classification, nomenclature, taxonomic & evolutionary history, cultural history
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LibGuides: Red-necked Wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus) Fact Sheet: Managed Care
2016Co-Authors: Kate JirikAbstract:Red-necked Wallaby Macropus rufogriseus Longevity & reproduction in captivity, history in captivity
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libguides red necked wallaby Macropus rufogriseus fact sheet taxonomy history
2016Co-Authors: Kate JirikAbstract:Red-necked Wallaby Macropus rufogriseus Classification, nomenclature, taxonomic & evolutionary history, cultural history
Clare Mcarthur - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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foraging in a risky environment a comparison of bennett s wallabies Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus marsupialia macropodidae and red bellied pademelons thylogale billiardierii marsupialia macropodidae in open habitats
Austral Ecology, 2005Co-Authors: Geoffrey M. While, Clare McarthurAbstract:This study aimed to establish whether red-bellied pademelons (Thylogale billiardierii) and Bennett's wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus) alter their foraging distribution in open habitat, in response to food availability and distance to protective shelter, the latter used as a measure of predation risk. Scat counts were used as a measure of the presence or absence of these macropods over two plantations (Russell and Dunalley). These plantations differed in both their on-site food and shelter characteristics (the presence or absence of windrows). Logistic regression indicated that at Russell, which had low food availability but the presence of on-site shelter, probability of scats of both species increased with the percentage cover of both edible and inedible vegetation. The probability of both pademelon and wallaby scats decreased with increasing distance from windrows, but increased with increasing distance from forest at the plantation edge. Logistic regression indicated that at Dunalley, which had high food availability but no on-site shelter, the probability of scats of both species increased with an increase in the percentage cover of edible vegetation. In relation to predation risk, however, the two species differed in their response. Pademelons exhibited a decrease in scat probability with increasing distance from the forest at the plantation edge, while wallabies showed an increase in scat probability with distance from the forest at the plantation edge. Results indicated some differences in antipredation strategies of the two species, which may be a function of differences in body size.
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comparison of habitat selection by two sympatric macropods thylogale billardierii and Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus in a patchy eucalypt forestry environment
Austral Ecology, 2005Co-Authors: Kirsten Le Mar, Clare McarthurAbstract:Population density estimates and patterns of habitat selection by sympatric red-bellied pademelons (Thylogale billardierii (Marsupialia: Macropodidae)) and red-necked wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus (Marsupialia: Macropodidae)) were examined within a patchy forestry environment in north-west Tasmania. Population density of both species was relatively high. Selection indices from both population surveys and animal movement data showed that T. billardierii and M. rufogriseus had similar patterns of habitat selection at two spatio-temporal scales; home range within the study area and habitats selected while foraging at night. Both species selected for young Eucalyptus nitens plantation with high weed-cover within their home range. At night, T. billardierii and M. rufogriseus selected for open habitats (young plantation and grassland) and avoided closed habitats (native forest and 5–7 years old E. nitens plantation). There was no evidence for resource partitioning between species at these scales. In contrast, the two species differed in their selection for daytime sheltering habitat; T. billardierii selected native forest while M. rufogriseus selected older plantation. This may reflect differences in their predator avoidance strategies; that is, crypsis versus flight, rather than resource partitioning as a result of interspecific competition. The environment appears to be of high quality for both species, with patches of feeding and shelter habitats within close proximity of one another.
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Comparison of habitat selection by two sympatric macropods, Thylogale billardierii and Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus, in a patchy eucalypt‐forestry environment
Austral Ecology, 2005Co-Authors: Kirsten Le Mar, Clare McarthurAbstract:Population density estimates and patterns of habitat selection by sympatric red-bellied pademelons (Thylogale billardierii (Marsupialia: Macropodidae)) and red-necked wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus (Marsupialia: Macropodidae)) were examined within a patchy forestry environment in north-west Tasmania. Population density of both species was relatively high. Selection indices from both population surveys and animal movement data showed that T. billardierii and M. rufogriseus had similar patterns of habitat selection at two spatio-temporal scales; home range within the study area and habitats selected while foraging at night. Both species selected for young Eucalyptus nitens plantation with high weed-cover within their home range. At night, T. billardierii and M. rufogriseus selected for open habitats (young plantation and grassland) and avoided closed habitats (native forest and 5–7 years old E. nitens plantation). There was no evidence for resource partitioning between species at these scales. In contrast, the two species differed in their selection for daytime sheltering habitat; T. billardierii selected native forest while M. rufogriseus selected older plantation. This may reflect differences in their predator avoidance strategies; that is, crypsis versus flight, rather than resource partitioning as a result of interspecific competition. The environment appears to be of high quality for both species, with patches of feeding and shelter habitats within close proximity of one another.
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Foraging in a risky environment: a comparison of Bennett's wallabies Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) and red‐bellied pademelons Thylogale billiardierii (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) in open habitats
Austral Ecology, 2005Co-Authors: Geoffrey M. While, Clare McarthurAbstract:This study aimed to establish whether red-bellied pademelons (Thylogale billiardierii) and Bennett's wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus) alter their foraging distribution in open habitat, in response to food availability and distance to protective shelter, the latter used as a measure of predation risk. Scat counts were used as a measure of the presence or absence of these macropods over two plantations (Russell and Dunalley). These plantations differed in both their on-site food and shelter characteristics (the presence or absence of windrows). Logistic regression indicated that at Russell, which had low food availability but the presence of on-site shelter, probability of scats of both species increased with the percentage cover of both edible and inedible vegetation. The probability of both pademelon and wallaby scats decreased with increasing distance from windrows, but increased with increasing distance from forest at the plantation edge. Logistic regression indicated that at Dunalley, which had high food availability but no on-site shelter, the probability of scats of both species increased with an increase in the percentage cover of edible vegetation. In relation to predation risk, however, the two species differed in their response. Pademelons exhibited a decrease in scat probability with increasing distance from the forest at the plantation edge, while wallabies showed an increase in scat probability with distance from the forest at the plantation edge. Results indicated some differences in antipredation strategies of the two species, which may be a function of differences in body size.
S Almería - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fatal toxoplasmosis associated with an atypical Toxoplasma gondii strain in a Bennett's wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus) in Spain.
Veterinary parasitology, 2013Co-Authors: X Fernández-aguilar, J P Dubey, D Ajzenberg, O Cabezón, A Martínez-lópez, L Darwich, S AlmeríaAbstract:Toxoplasmosis is often fatal in captive wallabies, but the causes of this high susceptibility are not well understood. Here, we report fatal toxoplasmosis in a Bennet's wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus) due to an atypical Toxoplasma gondii strain for the first time in Europe. The wallaby was from a colony of 7 Bennet's wallabies that died over a 17-month period at a safari-zoological park in northeastern Spain. Only one of these wallabies was examined at necropsy. T. gondii-like organisms were detected by histological examination in several tissues and the diagnosis was confirmed through detection of T. gondii DNA by PCR. A nested PCR-based assay detected the 200- to 300-fold repetitive 529 bp DNA fragment of T. gondii in a sample of brain tissue. Genotyping analysis with 15 single-copy microsatellite markers was performed on this positive DNA sample and revealed an atypical genotype. Atypical genotypes are frequently associated with severe forms of toxoplasmosis in humans. The present report highlights the possible implications of the introduction of new atypical, more pathogenic T. gondii strains, to non-endemic areas.
Karen Belinda Higginbottom - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Terrifying Tourists and Wary Wallabies: Responses of Macropodid Species to the Presence of Humans
Pacific Conservation Biology, 2005Co-Authors: Narelle G. King, Karen Belinda Higginbottom, Johannes J. BauerAbstract:The responses of four species of macropodid to humans at a wildlife sanctuary were investigated experimentally. Bridled Nailtail Wallabies Onychogalea faenata, Red-necked Wallabies Macropus rufogriseus and Swamp Wallabies Wallabia bicolor all spent less time feeding, resting, grooming, interacting and more time looking up or moving in the five minutes after being approached by the researcher. Eastern Grey Kangaroos M. giganteus, Red-necked Wallabies and Bridled Nailtail Wallabies fled at shorter distances from an approaching researcher in a vehicle than from a researcher on foot. The proportion of macropodids found in grassland compared with forest was not significantly affected by a recent tour.
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Partial seasonality of breeding in red-necked wallabies ( Macropus rufogriseus banksianus
Journal of Zoology, 2000Co-Authors: Karen Belinda Higginbottom, Christopher N. JohnsonAbstract:Reproductive data on individually known free-ranging red-necked wallabies Macropus rufogriseus banksianus were obtained over a 6 year period. Although this subspecies is essentially a non-seasonal continuous breeder, more young wallabies emerged permanently from the pouch in spring than in any other season. This partial seasonality of breeding was the combined result of seasonal variation in duration of pouch lives, a tendency for the first young of females to emerge permanently in spring, and seasonal variation in the incidence of reproductive interruptions. It is proposed that the adaptive significance of this partial seasonality is that it maximizes juvenile survival while maintaining a high reproductive rate.
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Relationships between food quality and reproductive success in female red-necked wallabies Macropus rufogriseus banksianus
Wildlife Biology, 2000Co-Authors: Karen Belinda HigginbottomAbstract:This study indicates that even in the absence of overt intraspecific competition, fine-scale spatial variation in food quality can lead to individual variation in reproductive success. Life history data on individual female rednecked wallabies Macropus rufogriseus banksianus were obtained over a six-year period. Vegetation surveys were conducted to analyse the composition of vegetation in the feeding range of each female, from which individual food quality indices were derived. Females' rates of rearing offspring to permanent emergence from the pouch and to weaning were positively correlated with the quality of food in their feeding ranges. Time spent in the pouch by offspring and age at first parturition of daughters were negatively correlated with maternal food quality. It is proposed that quality of available food affects growth rates and survival of offspring through its effects on maternal lactation and/or forage intake by offspring.
