The Experts below are selected from a list of 147 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Antti Pertovaara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the influence of stimulus temperature rise rate adapting temperature and stimulus duration on suprathreshold responses evoked by noxious heat in the glabrous skin of the limb comparison of neuronal discharge in the rat spinal dorsal horn with human s
    Experimental Brain Research, 1999
    Co-Authors: Antti Pertovaara
    Abstract:

    The influence of stimulus temperature rise rate (2.5oC/s, 5.0oC/s, and 10.0oC/s), adapting (baseline) temperature (25oC, 30oC, and 35oC), and duration of peak stimulus temperature (1.0 s, 2.5 s, 5.0 s, and 10.0 s) on responses evoked by noxious heat stimuli of suprathreshold intensity was studied in wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons of the rat spinal dorsal horn. The spinal neuronal responses were compared with human psychophysical data obtained using the same stimuli. Noxious heat stimuli with a peak temperature of 54oC were applied with a contact thermostimulator to the glabrous skin of the hindfoot in rats or to the palmar skin in humans. With the highest ramp rate and the highest adapting temperature, the sensory and spinal neuronal response latencies were decreased more than expected on the basis of the change in physical parameters of the stimulus. The Magnitudes of sensory and spinal neuronal response were independent of the stimulus ramp rate, whereas pain Magnitude Estimates and spinal neuronal impulse counts evoked by the same peak stimulus temperature were increased with an increase in the adapting stimulus temperature. The onset latencies of pain reactions and spinal neuronal responses were independent of the peak stimulus duration, whereas the latency of the maximum discharge in spinal neurons increased with prolongation of the peak stimulus. The sensory Magnitude Estimate of pain and the neuronal impulse count were increased with increase in stimulus duration. Following spinalization, the spinal neuronal responses were stronger and the stimulus duration-dependent increase in the impulse count developed faster. Moreover, the peak frequency of spinal neuronal response increased significantly with prolongation of the heat stimuli after spinalization, but not in animals with an intact spinal cord. The results indicate that stimulus rise rate, stimulus duration, and the adapting temperature are important factors in determining the sensory and spinal neuronal responses to high-intensity heat stimuli. The changes in the total impulse counts evoked by varying supraliminal heat stimuli in spinal dorsal horn WDR neurons corresponded well with the changes in pain Magnitude Estimates in humans. Also, the changes in spinal neuronal response onset latencies were accompanied by corresponding changes in onset latencies of human pain reactions but not with pain Magnitude Estimates. The effect of spinalization indicated that descending pathways control not only the response Magnitude in the spinal dorsal horn WDR neurons but also the temporal characteristics of the spinal neuronal response.

Gerard C Nihous - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • an order of Magnitude Estimate of ocean thermal energy conversion resources
    Journal of Energy Resources Technology-transactions of The Asme, 2005
    Co-Authors: Gerard C Nihous
    Abstract:

    Worldwide power resources that could be extracted from the steady-state operation of ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) plants are Estimated using a simple model. This order-of-Magnitude analysis indicates that about 3 × 10 9 kW (3 TW) may be available, at most. This value is much smaller than Estimates currently suggested in the technical literature. It reflects the scale of the perturbation caused by massive OTEC seawater flow rates on the thermal structure of the ocean. Not surprisingly, maximum OTEC power nearly corresponds to deep cold seawater flow rates of the order of the average abyssal upwelling representative of the global thermohaline circulation.

V Maiolino - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • local Magnitude Estimate at mt etna
    Annals of Geophysics, 2005
    Co-Authors: S Damico, V Maiolino
    Abstract:

    In order to verify the duration Magnitude MD we calculated local Magnitude ML values of 288 earthquakes occurring from October 2002 to April 2003 at Mt. Etna. The analysis was computed at three digital stations of the permanent seismic network of Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia of Catania, using the relationship ML = logA+alog?-b, where A is maximum half-amplitude of the horizontal component of the seismic recording measured in mm and the term «+alog?-b» takes the place of the term «-logA0» of Richter relationship. In particular, a = 0.15 for ?<200 km, b=0.16 for ?<200 km. Duration Magnitude MD values, moment Magnitude MW values and other local Magnitude values were compared. Differences between ML and MD were obtained for the strong seismic swarms occurring on October 27, during the onset of 2002-2003 Mt. Etna eruption, characterized by a high earthquake rate, with very strong events (seismogram results clipped in amplitude on drum recorder trace) and high level of volcanic tremor, which not permit us to Estimate the duration of the earthquakes correctly. ML and MD relationships were related and therefore a new relationship for MD is proposed. Cumulative strain release calculated after the eruption using ML values is about 1.75E+06 J1/2 higher than the one calculated using MD values.

  • Local Magnitude Estimate at Mt. Etna
    Annals of Geophysics, 2005
    Co-Authors: Salvatore D'amico, V Maiolino
    Abstract:

    In order to verify the duration Magnitude MD we calculated local Magnitude ML values of 288 earthquakes occurring from October 2002 to April 2003 at Mt. Etna. The analysis was computed at three digital stations of the permanent seismic network of Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia of Catania, using the relationship ML = logA+alog?-b, where A is maximum half-amplitude of the horizontal component of the seismic recording measured in mm and the term «+alog?-b» takes the place of the term «-logA0» of Richter relationship. In particular, a = 0.15 for ?

Jonathan Rossiter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Dual-mode compliant optical tactile sensor
    2013 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2013
    Co-Authors: Espen Knoop, Jonathan Rossiter
    Abstract:

    Tactile force sensing and compliance are key elements of safe and natural-feeling human-robot interaction. We present an optical tactile sensor in the form of a compliant elastomer 'fingertip' tracked by a high-speed low-resolution image sensor with on-board signal processing. We propose a dual-mode bio-mimetic control loop, where in reflex mode the sensor sends fast reflexive action commands directly to actuators, bypassing the central controller to minimise reaction times. For higher-level interpretation, a slower explore mode enables more sophisticated processing of the sensory input by the central controller. We demonstrate sensing of normal force in both modes of operation, showing that in reflex mode we are able to rapidly detect the presence of forces and compute an approximate Magnitude Estimate while in explore mode we are able to perform more accurate force measurements.

V. B. Petkov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Delay of emission from extragalactic gamma-ray burst sources as a test for selecting a model of the universe
    Astronomy Letters, 2003
    Co-Authors: E. G. Vertogradova, Yu. S. Grishkan, V. B. Petkov
    Abstract:

    We obtained an order-of-Magnitude Estimate for the dispersion of light caused by the effect of quantum fluctuations on the propagation of electromagnetic waves in four-dimensional spacetime. We calculated the delay of the photons from cosmological gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) for the flat, open, and closed cosmological models. This delay is attributable to the effect of expansion of the Universe on the propagation of a dispersive light wave in space. Analysis shows that the delay of GRB photons contains a regular component related to the expansion of the Universe. We conclude that cosmological models of the Universe can be selected by the delay of emission of various energies from GRBs; the accuracy of measuring the parameter Δ t /Δ E _γ must be no lower than 10^−6 s MeV^−1.