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Erika Yamanishi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Simulation, analysis and optimization of the atmospheric and debutanizer columns of the petroleum distillation unit
2017Co-Authors: Erika YamanishiAbstract:Resumo: A Unidade de Destilação é uma das mais importantes no refino de petróleo. Sua importância está no fato desta unidade ser responsável pelo fracionamento inicial do petróleo em diversos produtos (frações) como Nafta, Querosene, Diesel, entre outros. Algumas das frações obtidas são retiradas como produtos finais e outras podem ser Processadas em outras unidades da refinaria. Assim, todas as mudanças de operações e perturbações ocorridas nesta unidade afetam diretamente outras unidades. Por este motivo, é possível verificar uma grande dependência das outras unidades em relação à unidade de destilação que exige flexibilidade para atender às necessidades da refinaria. Além disso, é possível observar que o Processo de destilação do petróleo é complexo devido ao grande número de diferentes componentes do petróleo (em sua maioria hidrocarbonetos). De acordo com os aspectos e a importância da unidade de destilação, um estudo (principal objetivo deste trabalho) foi realizado para a verificação da flexibilidade da unidade de destilação e o entendimento do Processo de destilação, visando seu desenvolvimento. Inicialmente, foi considerado um Processo de destilação do petróleo, envolvendo a Torre Pré-Flash, Coluna Atmosférica e Debutanizadora. Três principais aspectos foram abordados: a análise completa das principais variáveis do Processo, a otimização das Colunas Atmosférica e Debutanizadora e a avaliação do Processamento dos óleos leve, intermediário e pesado sob determinadas condições especificadas. As simulações computacionais foram realizadas através de um software comercial neste trabalho. A análise das principais variáveis do Processo permitiu que fossem verificados os efeitos no Processo. Isto significa que pode ser realizada a análise sensitiva das principaisvariáveis do Processo, mostrando os principais efeitos causados pelas mudanças das variáveis. A otimização do número de estágios e posição da alimentação da Coluna Debutanizadora foi realizada para a minimização da carga térmica do refervedor. Já, a otimizaçãodo número de estágios da Coluna Atmosférica foi realizada para a minimização da vazão de Resíduo. A avaliação realizada para o Processamento dos três diferentes tipos de petróleo possibilitou verificar o aumento significativo da vazão de resíduo atmosférico e a redução de produtos, exceto o diesel pesado no Processo de destilação considerado, envolvendo, neste caso, uma Coluna Pré-fracionadora e uma Coluna AtmosféricaAbstract: The crude distillation unit is the most important in the refining Process. Its importance is due to the fact that this unit is responsible for the first fractionation of the petroleum in various products (fractions) as naphtha, kerosene, diesel and others. Some of these fractions obtained are removed as final product and others can be Processed in other units of the refinery. In this way, all the operating and disturbance changes that occur in this unit affect directly other units. So, it is possible to verify the dependence of the others units related to the distillation unit that requires flexibility to supply the needs of the refinery. Furthermore, it is possible to observe that the crude distillation is complex due to the great number of different components of the petroleum. According to the aspects and the importance of the crude distillation, a study was carried out for the verification of the crude distillation flexibility and the knowledge of the distillation Process, intending the development of the crude distillation. Initially, a crude distillation Process, involving a Pre-Flash Drum, Atmospheric and Debutanizer Columns was considered in this work. Three Main aspects were studied: the complete analysis of the Main Process Variable, the optimization of the Atmospheric and Debutanizer Columns and the evaluation of the Processing of the light, intermediate and heavy petroleum under specified conditions. The computational simulations were carried out, using commercial software in this study. The analysis of the Main Process Variables allowed that the effects on the Processwere verified. This means that the sensitivity analysis of the Main Process Variables could be made, showing the Main effects caused by the Variable changes. The optimization of the number of trays and the feed tray of the Debutanizer Column was carried out for the minimization of the reboiler duty. Furthermore, the optimization of the tray of the Atmospheric Column was done for the minimization of the residue flow rate. The evaluation of the results for the Processing of three different types of petroleum allowed verifying the significant increase of the residue atmospheric flow rate and the reduction of the products, except heavy diesel in the considered crude distillation Process, involving, in this case, the Prefractionation and Atmospheric Colum
Yamanishi Erika - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Simulation, analysis and optimization of the atmospheric and debutanizer columns of the petroleum distillation unit
[s.n.], 2018Co-Authors: Yamanishi ErikaAbstract:Orientador: Maria Regina Wolf MacielDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia QuimicaResumo: A Unidade de Destilação é uma das mais importantes no refino de petróleo. Sua importância está no fato desta unidade ser responsável pelo fracionamento inicial do petróleo em diversos produtos (frações) como Nafta, Querosene, Diesel, entre outros. Algumas das frações obtidas são retiradas como produtos finais e outras podem ser Processadas em outras unidades da refinaria. Assim, todas as mudanças de operações e perturbações ocorridas nesta unidade afetam diretamente outras unidades. Por este motivo, é possível verificar uma grande dependência das outras unidades em relação à unidade de destilação que exige flexibilidade para atender às necessidades da refinaria. Além disso, é possível observar que o Processo de destilação do petróleo é complexo devido ao grande número de diferentes componentes do petróleo (em sua maioria hidrocarbonetos). De acordo com os aspectos e a importância da unidade de destilação, um estudo (principal objetivo deste trabalho) foi realizado para a verificação da flexibilidade da unidade de destilação e o entendimento do Processo de destilação, visando seu desenvolvimento. Inicialmente, foi considerado um Processo de destilação do petróleo, envolvendo a Torre Pré-Flash, Coluna Atmosférica e Debutanizadora. Três principais aspectos foram abordados: a análise completa das principais variáveis do Processo, a otimização das Colunas Atmosférica e Debutanizadora e a avaliação do Processamento dos óleos leve, intermediário e pesado sob determinadas condições especificadas. As simulações computacionais foram realizadas através de um software comercial neste trabalho. A análise das principais variáveis do Processo permitiu que fossem verificados os efeitos no Processo. Isto significa que pode ser realizada a análise sensitiva das principais variáveis do Processo, mostrando os principais efeitos causados pelas mudanças das variáveis. A otimização do número de estágios e posição da alimentação da Coluna Debutanizadora foi realizada para a minimização da carga térmica do refervedor. Já, a otimização do número de estágios da Coluna Atmosférica foi realizada para a minimização da vazão de Resíduo. A avaliação realizada para o Processamento dos três diferentes tipos de petróleo possibilitou verificar o aumento significativo da vazão de resíduo atmosférico e a redução de produtos, exceto o diesel pesado no Processo de destilação considerado, envolvendo, neste caso, uma Coluna Pré-fracionadora e uma Coluna AtmosféricaAbstract: The crude distillation unit is the most important in the refining Process. Its importance is due to the fact that this unit is responsible for the first fractionation of the petroleum in various products (fractions) as naphtha, kerosene, diesel and others. Some of these fractions obtained are removed as final product and others can be Processed in other units of the refinery. In this way, all the operating and disturbance changes that occur in this unit affect directly other units. So, it is possible to verify the dependence of the others units related to the distillation unit that requires flexibility to supply the needs of the refinery. Furthermore, it is possible to observe that the crude distillation is complex due to the great number of different components of the petroleum. According to the aspects and the importance of the crude distillation, a study was carried out for the verification of the crude distillation flexibility and the knowledge of the distillation Process, intending the development of the crude distillation. Initially, a crude distillation Process, involving a Pre-Flash Drum, Atmospheric and Debutanizer Columns was considered in this work. Three Main aspects were studied: the complete analysis of the Main Process Variable, the optimization of the Atmospheric and Debutanizer Columns and the evaluation of the Processing of the light, intermediate and heavy petroleum under specified conditions. The computational simulations were carried out, using commercial software in this study. The analysis of the Main Process Variables allowed that the effects on the Process were verified. This means that the sensitivity analysis of the Main Process Variables could be made, showing the Main effects caused by the Variable changes. The optimization of the number of trays and the feed tray of the Debutanizer Column was carried out for the minimization of the reboiler duty. Furthermore, the optimization of the tray of the Atmospheric Column was done for the minimization of the residue flow rate. The evaluation of the results for the Processing of three different types of petroleum allowed verifying the significant increase of the residue atmospheric flow rate and the reduction of the products, except heavy diesel in the considered crude distillation Process, involving, in this case, the Prefractionation and Atmospheric ColumnMestradoDesenvolvimento de Processos QuímicosMestre em Engenharia Químic
Annemarie Tillman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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life cycle impacts of ethanol production from spruce wood chips under high gravity conditions
Biotechnology for Biofuels, 2016Co-Authors: Mathias Janssen, Charilaos Xiros, Annemarie TillmanAbstract:Background Development of more sustainable biofuel production Processes is ongoing, and technology to run these Processes at a high dry matter content, also called high-gravity conditions, is one option. This paper presents the results of a life cycle assessment (LCA) of such a technology currently in development for the production of bio-ethanol from spruce wood chips. Results The cradle-to-gate LCA used lab results from a set of 30 experiments (or Process configurations) in which the Main Process Variable was the detoxification strategy applied to the pretreated feedstock material. The results of the assessment show that a Process configuration, in which washing of the pretreated slurry is the detoxification strategy, leads to the lowest environmental impact of the Process. Enzyme production and use are the Main contributors to the environmental impact in all Process configurations, and strategies to significantly reduce this contribution are enzyme recycling and on-site enzyme production. Furthermore, a strong linear correlation between the ethanol yield of a configuration and its environmental impact is demonstrated, and the selected environmental impacts show a very strong cross-correlation (r^2 > 0.9 in all cases) which may be used to reduce the number of impact categories considered from four to one (in this case, global warming potential). Lastly, a comparison with results of an LCA of ethanol production under high-gravity conditions using wheat straw shows that the environmental performance does not significantly differ when using spruce wood chips. For this comparison, it is shown that eutrophication potential also needs to be considered due to the fertilizer use in wheat cultivation. Conclusions The LCA points out the environmental hotspots in the ethanol production Process, and thus provides input to the further development of the high-gravity technology. Reducing the number of impact categories based only on cross-correlations should be done with caution. Knowledge of the analyzed system provides further input to the choice of impact categories.
Charilaos Xiros - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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life cycle impacts of ethanol production from spruce wood chips under high gravity conditions
Biotechnology for Biofuels, 2016Co-Authors: Mathias Janssen, Charilaos Xiros, Annemarie TillmanAbstract:Background Development of more sustainable biofuel production Processes is ongoing, and technology to run these Processes at a high dry matter content, also called high-gravity conditions, is one option. This paper presents the results of a life cycle assessment (LCA) of such a technology currently in development for the production of bio-ethanol from spruce wood chips. Results The cradle-to-gate LCA used lab results from a set of 30 experiments (or Process configurations) in which the Main Process Variable was the detoxification strategy applied to the pretreated feedstock material. The results of the assessment show that a Process configuration, in which washing of the pretreated slurry is the detoxification strategy, leads to the lowest environmental impact of the Process. Enzyme production and use are the Main contributors to the environmental impact in all Process configurations, and strategies to significantly reduce this contribution are enzyme recycling and on-site enzyme production. Furthermore, a strong linear correlation between the ethanol yield of a configuration and its environmental impact is demonstrated, and the selected environmental impacts show a very strong cross-correlation (r^2 > 0.9 in all cases) which may be used to reduce the number of impact categories considered from four to one (in this case, global warming potential). Lastly, a comparison with results of an LCA of ethanol production under high-gravity conditions using wheat straw shows that the environmental performance does not significantly differ when using spruce wood chips. For this comparison, it is shown that eutrophication potential also needs to be considered due to the fertilizer use in wheat cultivation. Conclusions The LCA points out the environmental hotspots in the ethanol production Process, and thus provides input to the further development of the high-gravity technology. Reducing the number of impact categories based only on cross-correlations should be done with caution. Knowledge of the analyzed system provides further input to the choice of impact categories.
John Atle Bones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nonlinear State Estimation in the Czochralski Process
IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 2016Co-Authors: Parsa Rahmanpour, Morten Hovd, John Atle BonesAbstract:Abstract The Czochralski Process is the only Process used commercially for production of monocrystalline silicon for semiconductor and solar cell applications. The Process has traditionally been controlled using nested single-loop PID controllers. Advanced model-based control will require the ability to update the model used for control by using the measurements available on-line. This paper presents a study of non-linear state estimation based on a previously developed non-linear dynamical model. Data from actual plant operation are used in the study. Most application studies on state estimation only have on-line, noise corrupted/uncertain measurements available. In this case, the crystal radius as the Main Process Variable, can be measured with much greater accuracy after the crystal is produced. It is therefore possible to assess estimator performance using this more accurate off-line measurement. The experimental results in this work confirm the simulation results from a preceding paper and show that the applied non-linear estimators perform well, with the unscented Kalman filter giving somewhat better results than the extended Kalman filter.
