The Experts below are selected from a list of 1815 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
M K Dhillon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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expression of resistance to atherigona soccata in f1 hybrids involving shoot fly resistant and susceptible cytoplasmic male sterile and restorer Lines of sorghum
Plant Breeding, 2006Co-Authors: H C Sharma, M K Dhillon, B V S ReddyAbstract:In recent years, cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS) has been recognized as a potential danger to the stability of crop production and resistance to insect pests in sorghum. Therefore, the influence of CMS on the expression of resistance to sorghum shoot fly was studied at the ICRISAT, Patancheru, India using the interlard fishmeal technique. The experimental material consisted of 12 restorer, 12 CMS and the Maintainer Lines, and their 144 F1 hybrids. Shoot fly-resistant CMS Lines were preferred for oviposition and had more damage because of deadhearts than the corresponding Maintainer Lines. The hybrids based on shoot fly-resistant CMS × resistant restorer Lines were significantly less preferred for oviposition than the hybrids based on other cross combinations and exhibited the highest frequency (69.1%) of shoot fly-resistant hybrids. The hybrids based on glossy and trichomed parents had the highest frequency (>90%) of hybrids with glossy and trichome traits, emphasizing the need to transfer these traits into both parents for better expression in the F1 hybrids. The expression pattern of trichome density, leaf glossiness and leaf sheath pigmentation in the F1 hybrids and their parents suggested that the interactions between cytoplasmic and nuclear genes possibly control the expression of traits associated with resistance to sorghum shoot fly in the F1 hybrids.
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influence of cytoplasmic male sterility on expression of different mechanisms of resistance in sorghum to atherigona soccata diptera muscidae
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2006Co-Authors: M K Dhillon, H C Sharma, Jagdish S Naresh, Ram Singh, G PampapathyAbstract:Atherigona soccata (Rondani) (Diptera: Muscidae) is one of the most important pests of sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, in Asia, Africa, and the Mediterranean Europe. Exploitation of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) for hybrid production has resulted in considerable narrowing of the genetic base and may increase the vulnerability of this crop to insect pests. Therefore, we studied the expression of different mechanisms of resistance in sorghum to A. soccata in CMS (A) and Maintainer (B) Lines of 12 genotypes under field and greenhouse conditions. The CMS Lines of A. soccata-resistant genotypes were preferred for oviposition (78.5 versus 71.5% plants with eggs) and suffered greater deadheart incidence (47.6 versus 41.6%) than the corresponding Maintainer Lines, whereas such differences were not apparent in CMS Lines belonging to the susceptible genotypes (92.7 versus 92.3% plants with eggs and 75.6 versus 74.6% deadhearts) under multichoice field conditions. Similar differences also were observed under controlled conditions in the greenhouse. The larval period (9.0 versus 8.8 d) and pupal mortality (18.4 versus 13.4%) were greater on Maintainer Lines than that on the CMS Lines in the resistant group. The male and female pupal weights, fecundity, and antibiosis index were greater on the CMS than on the Maintainer Lines. The Maintainer Lines showed better recovery resistance than the CMS Lines, but no such differences were observed in tiller deadhearts. The differences in susceptibility to A. soccata were greater in the A. soccata resistant CMS and Maintainer Lines than in the CMS and Maintainer Lines belonging to susceptible genotypes. Conversion of A. soccata-resistant genotypes into alternate less susceptible cytoplasmic backgrounds may be undertaken for developing sorghum hybrids with stable resistance to A. soccata.
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influence of cytoplasmic male sterility on expression of physico chemical traits associated with resistance to sorghum shoot fly atherigona soccata rondani
Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics, 2006Co-Authors: M K Dhillon, H C Sharma, Ram Singh, Jagdish S NareshAbstract:Sorghum is damaged by several insect species, of which the shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is important in Asia and Africa. Host plant resistance is an effective component for the management of this pest under subsistence farming conditions. With the discovery of the cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS) system (Milo cytoplasm), there is an increasing emphasis to develop sorghum hybrids to increase the productivity of this crop. In order to develop sorghum hybrids with broad based resistance to shoot fly, it is important to identify CMS, Maintainer, and restorer Lines with different mechanisms of resistance to this pest. Therefore, the expression of resistance and the components associated with resistance to sorghum shoot fly in a diverse array of shoot fly-resistant and -susceptible CMS and Maintainer Lines were studied for three years (2002-2004). The shoot fly-resistant CMS Lines were preferred for oviposition by the shoot fly females than the corresponding Maintainer Lines (78.5 to 82.8% versus 71.5 to 79.9% plants with eggs), and had more deadhearts (47.6 to 79.3% versus 41.6 to 74.0%). The shoot fly-susceptible CMS and Maintainers were equally susceptible to shoot fly damage. Shoot fly-resistant Maintainer Lines showed better recovery than the CMS Lines. The expression of trichomes on abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces was more in the Maintainer Lines than the CMS Lines. Leaf glossiness, trichome density, and plumule and leaf sheath pigmentation showed negative associations with oviposition and deadhearts, while leaf surface wetness, chlorophyll content, and waxy bloom were associated with susceptibility. Plants with eggs, deadhearts, leaf surface wetness, leaf sheath pigmentation, leaf glossiness, trichomes on the adaxial surface of the leaf, and waxy bloom can be used as marker traits to select for resistance to A. soccata. The results suggested that the resistance to A. soccata is influenced by factors associated with cytoplasmic male-sterility and the interaction between cytoplasmic and nuclear genes.
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agronomic characteristics of different cytoplasmic male sterility systems and their reaction to sorghum shoot fly atherigona soccata
2005Co-Authors: M K Dhillon, H C Sharma, B V S ReddyAbstract:An experiment was conducted during the 2002 and 2003 wet, and 2003 post-wet seasons, in Andhra Pradesh, India, to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of sorghum cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) Lines and their reaction to sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata. The experimental material consisted of 6 isonuclear Lines in 6 cytoplasmic backgrounds (A1, A2, A3, A4G1, A4M and A4VzM) and 6 Maintainer Lines (B). Data were recorded on number of plants with shoot fly deadhearts in the central 2 rows at 14 days after seedling emergence, and expressed as percentage of plants with deadhearts. Data were also recorded on days to 50% flowering, plant height and agronomic desirability. The mean squares due to genotype x CMS systems for plant height, agronomic characteristics and shoot fly infestation were not significant. The isonuclear Lines in A1, A2 and A3 cytoplasmic backgrounds flowered 1-2 days earlier than in other CMS backgrounds. The isonuclear Lines in A2 cytoplasmic background (except in case of ICSA 26 and ICSA 38) were shorter than in other cytoplasmic backgrounds, but the differences among the CMS systems were not significant. Shoot fly deadhearts in different CMS systems varied from 69.9 to 88.7%. The male sterile Lines showed more deadhearts (77.1 (A4M) to 81.0% (A4G1) compared to the Maintainer Lines (74.4%)). Among the cytoplasms tested, A4M suffered lower deadheart incidence than the other CMS systems.
H C Sharma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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expression of resistance to atherigona soccata in f1 hybrids involving shoot fly resistant and susceptible cytoplasmic male sterile and restorer Lines of sorghum
Plant Breeding, 2006Co-Authors: H C Sharma, M K Dhillon, B V S ReddyAbstract:In recent years, cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS) has been recognized as a potential danger to the stability of crop production and resistance to insect pests in sorghum. Therefore, the influence of CMS on the expression of resistance to sorghum shoot fly was studied at the ICRISAT, Patancheru, India using the interlard fishmeal technique. The experimental material consisted of 12 restorer, 12 CMS and the Maintainer Lines, and their 144 F1 hybrids. Shoot fly-resistant CMS Lines were preferred for oviposition and had more damage because of deadhearts than the corresponding Maintainer Lines. The hybrids based on shoot fly-resistant CMS × resistant restorer Lines were significantly less preferred for oviposition than the hybrids based on other cross combinations and exhibited the highest frequency (69.1%) of shoot fly-resistant hybrids. The hybrids based on glossy and trichomed parents had the highest frequency (>90%) of hybrids with glossy and trichome traits, emphasizing the need to transfer these traits into both parents for better expression in the F1 hybrids. The expression pattern of trichome density, leaf glossiness and leaf sheath pigmentation in the F1 hybrids and their parents suggested that the interactions between cytoplasmic and nuclear genes possibly control the expression of traits associated with resistance to sorghum shoot fly in the F1 hybrids.
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influence of cytoplasmic male sterility on expression of different mechanisms of resistance in sorghum to atherigona soccata diptera muscidae
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2006Co-Authors: M K Dhillon, H C Sharma, Jagdish S Naresh, Ram Singh, G PampapathyAbstract:Atherigona soccata (Rondani) (Diptera: Muscidae) is one of the most important pests of sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, in Asia, Africa, and the Mediterranean Europe. Exploitation of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) for hybrid production has resulted in considerable narrowing of the genetic base and may increase the vulnerability of this crop to insect pests. Therefore, we studied the expression of different mechanisms of resistance in sorghum to A. soccata in CMS (A) and Maintainer (B) Lines of 12 genotypes under field and greenhouse conditions. The CMS Lines of A. soccata-resistant genotypes were preferred for oviposition (78.5 versus 71.5% plants with eggs) and suffered greater deadheart incidence (47.6 versus 41.6%) than the corresponding Maintainer Lines, whereas such differences were not apparent in CMS Lines belonging to the susceptible genotypes (92.7 versus 92.3% plants with eggs and 75.6 versus 74.6% deadhearts) under multichoice field conditions. Similar differences also were observed under controlled conditions in the greenhouse. The larval period (9.0 versus 8.8 d) and pupal mortality (18.4 versus 13.4%) were greater on Maintainer Lines than that on the CMS Lines in the resistant group. The male and female pupal weights, fecundity, and antibiosis index were greater on the CMS than on the Maintainer Lines. The Maintainer Lines showed better recovery resistance than the CMS Lines, but no such differences were observed in tiller deadhearts. The differences in susceptibility to A. soccata were greater in the A. soccata resistant CMS and Maintainer Lines than in the CMS and Maintainer Lines belonging to susceptible genotypes. Conversion of A. soccata-resistant genotypes into alternate less susceptible cytoplasmic backgrounds may be undertaken for developing sorghum hybrids with stable resistance to A. soccata.
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influence of cytoplasmic male sterility on expression of physico chemical traits associated with resistance to sorghum shoot fly atherigona soccata rondani
Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics, 2006Co-Authors: M K Dhillon, H C Sharma, Ram Singh, Jagdish S NareshAbstract:Sorghum is damaged by several insect species, of which the shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is important in Asia and Africa. Host plant resistance is an effective component for the management of this pest under subsistence farming conditions. With the discovery of the cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS) system (Milo cytoplasm), there is an increasing emphasis to develop sorghum hybrids to increase the productivity of this crop. In order to develop sorghum hybrids with broad based resistance to shoot fly, it is important to identify CMS, Maintainer, and restorer Lines with different mechanisms of resistance to this pest. Therefore, the expression of resistance and the components associated with resistance to sorghum shoot fly in a diverse array of shoot fly-resistant and -susceptible CMS and Maintainer Lines were studied for three years (2002-2004). The shoot fly-resistant CMS Lines were preferred for oviposition by the shoot fly females than the corresponding Maintainer Lines (78.5 to 82.8% versus 71.5 to 79.9% plants with eggs), and had more deadhearts (47.6 to 79.3% versus 41.6 to 74.0%). The shoot fly-susceptible CMS and Maintainers were equally susceptible to shoot fly damage. Shoot fly-resistant Maintainer Lines showed better recovery than the CMS Lines. The expression of trichomes on abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces was more in the Maintainer Lines than the CMS Lines. Leaf glossiness, trichome density, and plumule and leaf sheath pigmentation showed negative associations with oviposition and deadhearts, while leaf surface wetness, chlorophyll content, and waxy bloom were associated with susceptibility. Plants with eggs, deadhearts, leaf surface wetness, leaf sheath pigmentation, leaf glossiness, trichomes on the adaxial surface of the leaf, and waxy bloom can be used as marker traits to select for resistance to A. soccata. The results suggested that the resistance to A. soccata is influenced by factors associated with cytoplasmic male-sterility and the interaction between cytoplasmic and nuclear genes.
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agronomic characteristics of different cytoplasmic male sterility systems and their reaction to sorghum shoot fly atherigona soccata
2005Co-Authors: M K Dhillon, H C Sharma, B V S ReddyAbstract:An experiment was conducted during the 2002 and 2003 wet, and 2003 post-wet seasons, in Andhra Pradesh, India, to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of sorghum cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) Lines and their reaction to sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata. The experimental material consisted of 6 isonuclear Lines in 6 cytoplasmic backgrounds (A1, A2, A3, A4G1, A4M and A4VzM) and 6 Maintainer Lines (B). Data were recorded on number of plants with shoot fly deadhearts in the central 2 rows at 14 days after seedling emergence, and expressed as percentage of plants with deadhearts. Data were also recorded on days to 50% flowering, plant height and agronomic desirability. The mean squares due to genotype x CMS systems for plant height, agronomic characteristics and shoot fly infestation were not significant. The isonuclear Lines in A1, A2 and A3 cytoplasmic backgrounds flowered 1-2 days earlier than in other CMS backgrounds. The isonuclear Lines in A2 cytoplasmic background (except in case of ICSA 26 and ICSA 38) were shorter than in other cytoplasmic backgrounds, but the differences among the CMS systems were not significant. Shoot fly deadhearts in different CMS systems varied from 69.9 to 88.7%. The male sterile Lines showed more deadhearts (77.1 (A4M) to 81.0% (A4G1) compared to the Maintainer Lines (74.4%)). Among the cytoplasms tested, A4M suffered lower deadheart incidence than the other CMS systems.
B V S Reddy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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expression of resistance to atherigona soccata in f1 hybrids involving shoot fly resistant and susceptible cytoplasmic male sterile and restorer Lines of sorghum
Plant Breeding, 2006Co-Authors: H C Sharma, M K Dhillon, B V S ReddyAbstract:In recent years, cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS) has been recognized as a potential danger to the stability of crop production and resistance to insect pests in sorghum. Therefore, the influence of CMS on the expression of resistance to sorghum shoot fly was studied at the ICRISAT, Patancheru, India using the interlard fishmeal technique. The experimental material consisted of 12 restorer, 12 CMS and the Maintainer Lines, and their 144 F1 hybrids. Shoot fly-resistant CMS Lines were preferred for oviposition and had more damage because of deadhearts than the corresponding Maintainer Lines. The hybrids based on shoot fly-resistant CMS × resistant restorer Lines were significantly less preferred for oviposition than the hybrids based on other cross combinations and exhibited the highest frequency (69.1%) of shoot fly-resistant hybrids. The hybrids based on glossy and trichomed parents had the highest frequency (>90%) of hybrids with glossy and trichome traits, emphasizing the need to transfer these traits into both parents for better expression in the F1 hybrids. The expression pattern of trichome density, leaf glossiness and leaf sheath pigmentation in the F1 hybrids and their parents suggested that the interactions between cytoplasmic and nuclear genes possibly control the expression of traits associated with resistance to sorghum shoot fly in the F1 hybrids.
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agronomic characteristics of different cytoplasmic male sterility systems and their reaction to sorghum shoot fly atherigona soccata
2005Co-Authors: M K Dhillon, H C Sharma, B V S ReddyAbstract:An experiment was conducted during the 2002 and 2003 wet, and 2003 post-wet seasons, in Andhra Pradesh, India, to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of sorghum cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) Lines and their reaction to sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata. The experimental material consisted of 6 isonuclear Lines in 6 cytoplasmic backgrounds (A1, A2, A3, A4G1, A4M and A4VzM) and 6 Maintainer Lines (B). Data were recorded on number of plants with shoot fly deadhearts in the central 2 rows at 14 days after seedling emergence, and expressed as percentage of plants with deadhearts. Data were also recorded on days to 50% flowering, plant height and agronomic desirability. The mean squares due to genotype x CMS systems for plant height, agronomic characteristics and shoot fly infestation were not significant. The isonuclear Lines in A1, A2 and A3 cytoplasmic backgrounds flowered 1-2 days earlier than in other CMS backgrounds. The isonuclear Lines in A2 cytoplasmic background (except in case of ICSA 26 and ICSA 38) were shorter than in other cytoplasmic backgrounds, but the differences among the CMS systems were not significant. Shoot fly deadhearts in different CMS systems varied from 69.9 to 88.7%. The male sterile Lines showed more deadhearts (77.1 (A4M) to 81.0% (A4G1) compared to the Maintainer Lines (74.4%)). Among the cytoplasms tested, A4M suffered lower deadheart incidence than the other CMS systems.
Tomohiko Kubo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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identification of the predominant nonrestoring allele for owen type cytoplasmic male sterility in sugar beet beta vulgaris l development of molecular markers for the Maintainer genotype
Molecular Breeding, 2013Co-Authors: Mari Moritani, Kazunori Taguchi, Kazuyoshi Kitazaki, Hiroaki Matsuhira, Takaya Katsuyama, Tetsuo Mikami, Tomohiko KuboAbstract:Hybrid seed production in sugar beet relies on cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). As time-consuming and laborious test crosses with a CMS tester are necessary to identify Maintainer Lines, development of a marker-assisted selection method for the rf gene (the nonrestoring allele of restorer-of-fertility locus) is highly desirable for sugar-beet breeding. To develop such a method, we investigated genetic variation at the Rf1 locus, one of two Rf loci known in sugar beet. After HindIII-digestion, genomic DNAs from beet plants known to have a restoring Rf1 allele yielded a range of hybridization patterns on agarose gels, indicating that Rf1 is a multi-allelic locus. However, the hybridization patterns of 22 of 23 Maintainer Lines were indistinguishable. The nucleotide sequences of the rf1 coding regions of these 22 Maintainer Lines were found to be identical, confirming that the Lines had the same rf1 allele. Two PCR markers were developed that targeted a downstream intergenic sequence and an intron of Rf1. The electrophoretic patterns of both markers indicated multiple Rf1 alleles, one of which, named the dd(L) type, was associated with the Maintainer genotype. To test the validity of marker-assisted selection, 147 sugar beet plants were genotyped using these markers. Additionally, the 147 sugar beet plants were crossed with CMS plants to determine whether they possessed the Maintainer genotype. Analysis of 5038 F1 offspring showed that 53 % of the dd(L) plants, but none of the plants with other alleles, had the Maintainer genotype. Thus, selection for the dd(L) type considerably enriched the proportion of plants with the Maintainer genotype.
Felicity Vear - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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RFLP studies of genetic relationships among inbred Lines of the cultivated sunflower, Helianthus annuus L.: evidence for distinct restorer and Maintainer germplasm
Theoretical and Applied …, 1994Co-Authors: Laurent Gentzbittel, Y.-x. Zhang, Felicity VearAbstract:One-hundred-and-eighty-one nuclear DNA probes were used to examine restriction-fragment length polymorphism in inbred Lines of the cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The probes were from six libraries: two genomic libraries — one made with PstI and the other with HindIII, and four cDNA libraries — from etiolated plantlets, green leaves, ovaries, petals and anthers. Total DNA from 17 inbred Lines representing an overview of the genetic stocks of sunflower, including restorer and Maintainer Lines of the classical cytoplasmic male sterility, was digested with four different restriction enzymes and probed in 331 probe-enzyme combinations. Of 181 clones analysed, 73 probes were found to be polymorphic. Genetic distances between inbreds were calculated from the resultant proportion of shared bands and submitted to principal component analysis and the UPGMA ‘tree-making’ method. The RFLP analysis allowed a clear differentiation between restorer and Maintainer Lines of the cytoplasmic male sterility, together with a grouping of some of the genotypes from the same origin. The analysis of the accuracy of distance estimation as a function of the number of probe-enzyme combinations used, indicates that 40–50 combinations ensure a confidence level of near 95%. Considering the inbreds as representatives of the range of cultivated inbreds, estimates of gene diversity, as well as estimates of average gene diversity between and within the sets of restorer and Maintainer Lines, were calculated. Estimation of gene diversity showed that the available genetic variability in cultivated sunflower, based on allelic frequencies, is lower than that of other plants (H=0.20). Moreover, we show that the proportion of genetic variability due to the difference between Maintainer and restorer Lines (Dm) is about 2%.
