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Catherine E. Lovelock - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the state of the world s Mangrove Forests past present and future
Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 2019Co-Authors: Catherine E. Lovelock, Ken W Krauss, Daniel A. Friess, Kerrylee Rogers, Stuart E Hamilton, Shing Yip Lee, Richard Lucas, Jurgenne PrimaveraAbstract:Intertidal Mangrove Forests are a dynamic ecosystem experiencing rapid changes in extent and habitat quality over geological history, today and into the future. Climate and sea level have drastical...
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modeled co2 emissions from coastal wetland transitions to other land uses tidal marshes Mangrove Forests and seagrass beds
Frontiers in Marine Science, 2017Co-Authors: Catherine E. Lovelock, James W Fourqurean, James T MorrisAbstract:The sediments of coastal wetlands contain large stores of carbon which are vulnerable to oxidation once disturbed, resulting in high levels of CO2 emissions that may be avoided if coastal ecosystems are conserved or restored. We used a simple model to estimate CO2 emissions from Mangrove Forests, seagrass beds and tidal marshes based on known decomposition rates for organic matter in these ecosystems under either oxic or anoxic conditions combined with assumptions of the proportion of sediment carbon being deposited in either oxic or anoxic environments following a disturbance of the habitat. Our model found that over 40 years after disturbance the cumulative CO2 emitted from tidal marshes, Mangrove Forests and seagrass beds were approximately 70-80% of the initial carbon stocks in the top meter of the sediment. Comparison of our estimates of CO2 emissions with empirical studies suggests that 1) assuming 50% of organic material moves to an oxic environment after disturbance gives rise to estimates that are similar to CO2 emissions reported for tidal marshes; 2) field measurements of CO2 emissions in disturbed Mangrove Forests were generally higher than our modeled emissions that assumed 50% of organic matter was deposited in oxic conditions, suggesting higher proportions of organic matter may be exposed to oxic conditions after disturbance in Mangrove ecosystems; and 3) the generally low observed rates of CO2 emissions from disturbed seagrasses compared to our estimates, assuming removal of 50% of the organic matter to oxic environments, suggests that lower proportions may be exposed to oxic conditions in seagrass ecosystems. There are significant gaps in our knowledge of the fate of wetland sediment carbon in the marine environment after disturbance. Greater knowledge of the distribution, form, decomposition and emission rates of wetland sediment carbon after disturbance would help to improve models.
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the vulnerability of indo pacific Mangrove Forests to sea level rise
Nature, 2015Co-Authors: Catherine E. Lovelock, Donald R. Cahoon, Ruth Reef, Ken W Krauss, Daniel A. Friess, Glenn R Guntenspergen, Kerrylee Rogers, Megan L Saunders, Frida SidikAbstract:Sea-level rise can threaten the long-term sustainability of coastal communities and valuable ecosystems such as coral reefs, salt marshes and Mangroves. Mangrove Forests have the capacity to keep pace with sea-level rise and to avoid inundation through vertical accretion of sediments, which allows them to maintain wetland soil elevations suitable for plant growth. The Indo-Pacific region holds most of the world's Mangrove Forests, but sediment delivery in this region is declining, owing to anthropogenic activities such as damming of rivers. This decline is of particular concern because the Indo-Pacific region is expected to have variable, but high, rates of future sea-level rise. Here we analyse recent trends in Mangrove surface elevation changes across the Indo-Pacific region using data from a network of surface elevation table instruments. We find that sediment availability can enable Mangrove Forests to maintain rates of soil-surface elevation gain that match or exceed that of sea-level rise, but for 69 per cent of our study sites the current rate of sea-level rise exceeded the soil surface elevation gain. We also present a model based on our field data, which suggests that Mangrove Forests at sites with low tidal range and low sediment supply could be submerged as early as 2070.
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Variable effects of nutrient enrichment on soil respiration in Mangrove Forests
Plant and Soil, 2014Co-Authors: Catherine E. Lovelock, Ruth Reef, Ilka C. Feller, Roger W. RuessAbstract:Background and Aims Mangrove Forests are globally important sites of carbon burial that are increasingly exposed to nutrient pollution. Here we assessed the response of soil respiration, an important component of forest carbon budgets, to nutrient enrichment over a wide range of Mangrove Forests.
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contemporary rates of carbon sequestration through vertical accretion of sediments in Mangrove Forests and saltmarshes of south east queensland australia
Estuaries and Coasts, 2014Co-Authors: Catherine E. Lovelock, Vicki Bennion, Matthew Hayes, Julian Omara, Ruth Reef, Maria Fernanda Adame, Nadia S. SantiniAbstract:Mangrove Forests and saltmarshes are important habitats for carbon (C) sequestration in the coastal zone but variation in rates of C sequestration and the factors controlling sequestration are poorly understood. We assessed C sequestration in Moreton Bay, South East Queensland in Mangrove Forests and tidal marshes that span a range of environmental settings and plant communities, including Mangrove Forests and tidal marshes on the oligotrophic sand islands of the eastern side of Moreton Bay and on the nutrient enriched, western side of the bay adjacent to the city of Brisbane. We found that rates of C sequestration in sediments were similar among Mangrove Forests over the bay, despite large differences in the C density of sediments, because of different rates of vertical accretion of sediments. The C sequestration on the oligotrophic sand island tidal marshes, dominated by Juncus kraussii, had the highest rate of C sequestration in the bay while the western saltmarshes, which were dominated by Sarcocornia quinqueflora, had the lowest rate of C sequestration. Our data indicate C sequestration varies among different tidal wetland plant community types, due to variation in sediment characteristics and rates of sediment accretion over time.
George A Sorial - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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microplastics accumulation in sediments and periophthalmus waltoni fish Mangrove Forests in southern iran
Chemosphere, 2020Co-Authors: Zeinab Maghsodian, Ali Mohamad Sanati, Bahman Ramavandi, Ahmad Ghasemi, George A SorialAbstract:This investigation was aimed to identify microplastics in the sediment and mudskipper fish (Periophthalmus waltoni) in Mangrove Forests in southern Iran. Sediments and mudskipper samples were collected at high, mid, and low tidal points of five stations. A total of 2657 plastic particles in different size, color, shape, and genera were identified from sediment samples and 15 microplastic were isolated from mudskippers. The highest and lowest abundance of isolated microplastics from sediments was observed in Mangrove Forests of Bidkhoun (urban area) and Bordkhon, respectively while no microplastics were found in the fish tissue in those stations. The black (60%) and white (7%) color microplastics in the mudskipper had the highest and the lowest frequency. The highest and lowest polymers in Mangrove forest sediments were corresponded to polystyrene (26%) and polycarbonate (3%), respectively. Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques were used to identify the type of the polymer. Most of the microplastics found were made of polystyrene, polypropylene, and polyethylene terephthalate. The type of studied area and texture of sediment separately affected the frequency of microplastic and mesoplastic (P-value <0.05) in the sediment samples. The abundance of microplastics in the sediment samples of the Bidkhoun Mangrove forest was higher than other studied stations due to proximity to urban and industrial areas. The findings of this study raised concerns about microplastic pollution in the Mangrove Forests of southern Iran, a threat to the ecosystem and public health, which requires careful actions to prevent and diminish its adverse effects.
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Microplastics accumulation in sediments and Periophthalmus waltoni fish, Mangrove Forests in southern Iran.
Chemosphere, 2020Co-Authors: Zeinab Maghsodian, Ali Mohamad Sanati, Bahman Ramavandi, Ahmad Ghasemi, George A SorialAbstract:This investigation was aimed to identify microplastics in the sediment and mudskipper fish (Periophthalmus waltoni) in Mangrove Forests in southern Iran. Sediments and mudskipper samples were collected at high, mid, and low tidal points of five stations. A total of 2657 plastic particles in different size, color, shape, and genera were identified from sediment samples and 15 microplastic were isolated from mudskippers. The highest and lowest abundance of isolated microplastics from sediments was observed in Mangrove Forests of Bidkhoun (urban area) and Bordkhon, respectively while no microplastics were found in the fish tissue in those stations. The black (60%) and white (7%) color microplastics in the mudskipper had the highest and the lowest frequency. The highest and lowest polymers in Mangrove forest sediments were corresponded to polystyrene (26%) and polycarbonate (3%), respectively. Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques were used to identify the type of the polymer. Most of the microplastics found were made of polystyrene, polypropylene, and polyethylene terephthalate. The type of studied area and texture of sediment separately affected the frequency of microplastic and mesoplastic (P-value
Ken W Krauss - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Long-Term Effects of Hurricanes Wilma and Irma on Soil Elevation Change in Everglades Mangrove Forests
Ecosystems, 2020Co-Authors: Laura C. Feher, Ken W Krauss, Michael J. Osland, Gordon H. Anderson, William C. Vervaeke, Kevin R. T. Whelan, Karen M. Balentine, Ginger Tiling-range, Thomas J. Smith, Donald R. CahoonAbstract:Mangrove Forests in the Florida Everglades (USA) are frequently affected by hurricanes that produce high-velocity winds, storm surge, and extreme rainfall, but also provide sediment subsidies that help Mangroves adjust to sea-level rise. The long-term influence of hurricane sediment inputs on soil elevation dynamics in Mangrove Forests is not well understood. Here, we assessed the effects of sediment deposition during Hurricanes Wilma (2005) and Irma (2017) on soil elevation change at two Mangrove Forests located along the Shark and Lostmans Rivers in Everglades National Park. We used surface elevation change data from a 16-year period (2002–2018), measured with the surface elevation table-marker horizon (SET-MH) approach. At the Shark River Mangrove forest, we used marker horizons and a combination of deep, shallow, and original SETs to quantify the contributions of four soil zones to net soil elevation change. Rates of elevation change were greatly influenced by storm sediments. Abrupt increases in elevation due to sediment inputs and subsurface expansion during Hurricane Wilma were followed by: (1) an initial post-hurricane period of elevation loss due to erosion of hurricane sediments and subsurface contraction; (2) a secondary period of elevation gain due primarily to accretion; and (3) an abrupt elevation gain due to new sediment inputs during Hurricane Irma. Our findings suggest that elevation change in hurricane-affected Mangrove Forests can be cyclical or include disjunct phases, which is critical information for advancing the understanding of wetland responses to accelerated sea-level rise given the expectation of increasing storm intensity due to climate change.
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Rapid peat development beneath created, maturing Mangrove Forests: ecosystem changes across a 25‐yr chronosequence
Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America, 2020Co-Authors: Michael J. Osland, Ken W Krauss, Laura C. Feher, Amanda C. Spivak, Janet A. Nestlerode, Alejandro E. Almario, Nicole Cormier, Andrew S. From, Marc Russell, Federico AlvarezAbstract:Mangrove Forests are among the world's most productive and carbon-rich ecosystems. Despite growing understanding of factors controlling Mangrove forest soil carbon stocks, there is a need to advance understanding of the speed of peat development beneath maturing Mangrove Forests, especially in created and restored Mangrove Forests that are intended to compensate for ecosystem functions lost during Mangrove forest conversion to other land uses. To better quantify the rate of soil organic matter development beneath created, maturing Mangrove Forests, we measured ecosystem changes across a 25-yr chronosequence. We compared ecosystem properties in created, maturing Mangrove Forests to adjacent natural Mangrove Forests. We also quantified site-specific changes that occurred between 2010 and 2016. Soil organic matter accumulated rapidly beneath maturing Mangrove Forests as sandy soils transitioned to organic-rich soils (peat). Within 25 yr, a 20-cm deep peat layer developed. The time required for created Mangrove Forests to reach equivalency with natural Mangrove Forests was estimated as (1)
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the state of the world s Mangrove Forests past present and future
Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 2019Co-Authors: Catherine E. Lovelock, Ken W Krauss, Daniel A. Friess, Kerrylee Rogers, Stuart E Hamilton, Shing Yip Lee, Richard Lucas, Jurgenne PrimaveraAbstract:Intertidal Mangrove Forests are a dynamic ecosystem experiencing rapid changes in extent and habitat quality over geological history, today and into the future. Climate and sea level have drastical...
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climatic controls on the global distribution abundance and species richness of Mangrove Forests
Ecological Monographs, 2017Co-Authors: Michael J. Osland, Ken W Krauss, Laura C. Feher, Kereen T Griffith, Kyle C Cavanaugh, Nicholas M Enwright, Richard H Day, Camille L Stagg, Rebecca J Howard, James B GraceAbstract:Mangrove Forests are highly productive tidal saline wetland ecosystems found along sheltered tropical and subtropical coasts. Ecologists have long assumed that climatic drivers (i.e., temperature and rainfall regimes) govern the global distribution, structure, and function of Mangrove Forests. However, data constraints have hindered the quantification of direct climate–Mangrove linkages in many parts of the world. Recently, the quality and availability of global-scale climate and Mangrove data have been improving. Here, we used these data to better understand the influence of air temperature and rainfall regimes upon the distribution, abundance, and species richness of Mangrove Forests. Although our analyses identify global-scale relationships and thresholds, we show that the influence of climatic drivers is best characterized via regional range-limit-specific analyses. We quantified climatic controls across targeted gradients in temperature and/or rainfall within 14 Mangrove distributional range limits. Climatic thresholds for Mangrove presence, abundance, and species richness differed among the 14 studied range limits. We identified minimum temperature-based thresholds for range limits in eastern North America, eastern Australia, New Zealand, eastern Asia, eastern South America, and southeast Africa. We identified rainfall-based thresholds for range limits in western North America, western Gulf of Mexico, western South America, western Australia, Middle East, northwest Africa, east central Africa, and west-central Africa. Our results show that in certain range limits (e.g., eastern North America, western Gulf of Mexico, eastern Asia), winter air temperature extremes play an especially important role. We conclude that rainfall and temperature regimes are both important in western North America, western Gulf of Mexico, and western Australia. With climate change, alterations in temperature and rainfall regimes will affect the global distribution, abundance, and diversity of Mangrove Forests. In general, warmer winter temperatures are expected to allow Mangroves to expand poleward at the expense of salt marshes. However, dispersal and habitat availability constraints may hinder expansion near certain range limits. Along arid and semiarid coasts, decreases or increases in rainfall are expected to lead to Mangrove contraction or expansion, respectively. Collectively, our analyses quantify climate–Mangrove linkages and improve our understanding of the expected global- and regional-scale effects of climate change upon Mangrove Forests.
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the vulnerability of indo pacific Mangrove Forests to sea level rise
Nature, 2015Co-Authors: Catherine E. Lovelock, Donald R. Cahoon, Ruth Reef, Ken W Krauss, Daniel A. Friess, Glenn R Guntenspergen, Kerrylee Rogers, Megan L Saunders, Frida SidikAbstract:Sea-level rise can threaten the long-term sustainability of coastal communities and valuable ecosystems such as coral reefs, salt marshes and Mangroves. Mangrove Forests have the capacity to keep pace with sea-level rise and to avoid inundation through vertical accretion of sediments, which allows them to maintain wetland soil elevations suitable for plant growth. The Indo-Pacific region holds most of the world's Mangrove Forests, but sediment delivery in this region is declining, owing to anthropogenic activities such as damming of rivers. This decline is of particular concern because the Indo-Pacific region is expected to have variable, but high, rates of future sea-level rise. Here we analyse recent trends in Mangrove surface elevation changes across the Indo-Pacific region using data from a network of surface elevation table instruments. We find that sediment availability can enable Mangrove Forests to maintain rates of soil-surface elevation gain that match or exceed that of sea-level rise, but for 69 per cent of our study sites the current rate of sea-level rise exceeded the soil surface elevation gain. We also present a model based on our field data, which suggests that Mangrove Forests at sites with low tidal range and low sediment supply could be submerged as early as 2070.
Donald R. Cahoon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Long-Term Effects of Hurricanes Wilma and Irma on Soil Elevation Change in Everglades Mangrove Forests
Ecosystems, 2020Co-Authors: Laura C. Feher, Ken W Krauss, Michael J. Osland, Gordon H. Anderson, William C. Vervaeke, Kevin R. T. Whelan, Karen M. Balentine, Ginger Tiling-range, Thomas J. Smith, Donald R. CahoonAbstract:Mangrove Forests in the Florida Everglades (USA) are frequently affected by hurricanes that produce high-velocity winds, storm surge, and extreme rainfall, but also provide sediment subsidies that help Mangroves adjust to sea-level rise. The long-term influence of hurricane sediment inputs on soil elevation dynamics in Mangrove Forests is not well understood. Here, we assessed the effects of sediment deposition during Hurricanes Wilma (2005) and Irma (2017) on soil elevation change at two Mangrove Forests located along the Shark and Lostmans Rivers in Everglades National Park. We used surface elevation change data from a 16-year period (2002–2018), measured with the surface elevation table-marker horizon (SET-MH) approach. At the Shark River Mangrove forest, we used marker horizons and a combination of deep, shallow, and original SETs to quantify the contributions of four soil zones to net soil elevation change. Rates of elevation change were greatly influenced by storm sediments. Abrupt increases in elevation due to sediment inputs and subsurface expansion during Hurricane Wilma were followed by: (1) an initial post-hurricane period of elevation loss due to erosion of hurricane sediments and subsurface contraction; (2) a secondary period of elevation gain due primarily to accretion; and (3) an abrupt elevation gain due to new sediment inputs during Hurricane Irma. Our findings suggest that elevation change in hurricane-affected Mangrove Forests can be cyclical or include disjunct phases, which is critical information for advancing the understanding of wetland responses to accelerated sea-level rise given the expectation of increasing storm intensity due to climate change.
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the vulnerability of indo pacific Mangrove Forests to sea level rise
Nature, 2015Co-Authors: Catherine E. Lovelock, Donald R. Cahoon, Ruth Reef, Ken W Krauss, Daniel A. Friess, Glenn R Guntenspergen, Kerrylee Rogers, Megan L Saunders, Frida SidikAbstract:Sea-level rise can threaten the long-term sustainability of coastal communities and valuable ecosystems such as coral reefs, salt marshes and Mangroves. Mangrove Forests have the capacity to keep pace with sea-level rise and to avoid inundation through vertical accretion of sediments, which allows them to maintain wetland soil elevations suitable for plant growth. The Indo-Pacific region holds most of the world's Mangrove Forests, but sediment delivery in this region is declining, owing to anthropogenic activities such as damming of rivers. This decline is of particular concern because the Indo-Pacific region is expected to have variable, but high, rates of future sea-level rise. Here we analyse recent trends in Mangrove surface elevation changes across the Indo-Pacific region using data from a network of surface elevation table instruments. We find that sediment availability can enable Mangrove Forests to maintain rates of soil-surface elevation gain that match or exceed that of sea-level rise, but for 69 per cent of our study sites the current rate of sea-level rise exceeded the soil surface elevation gain. We also present a model based on our field data, which suggests that Mangrove Forests at sites with low tidal range and low sediment supply could be submerged as early as 2070.
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Differential rates of vertical accretion and elevation change among aerial root types in Micronesian Mangrove Forests
Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 2003Co-Authors: Ken W Krauss, James A. Allen, Donald R. CahoonAbstract:Abstract Root systems in Mangrove swamps have captured the attention of scientists for decades. Among the postulated roles of root structures include a contribution to the geomorphological stability of Mangrove soils through sediment trapping and binding. In this study, we used feldspar marker horizons and sediment pins to investigate the influence of three different functional root types—prop roots in Rhizophora spp., root knees in Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, and pneumatophores in Sonneratia alba—on vertical accretion and elevation change in three Mangrove Forests in the Federated States of Micronesia. Prop roots facilitated vertical accretion (11.0 mm year−1) more than pneumatophores or bare soil controls (mean, 8.3 mm year−1). Sediment elevation, on the other hand, increased at an average rate of only 1.3 mm year 1 across all root types, with rate differences by root type, ranging from −0.2 to 3.4 mm year−1, being detected within river basins. This investigation demonstrates that prop roots can assist in the settling of suspended sediments from estuarine waters, yet prop root structures are not as successful as pneumatophores in maintaining sediment elevation over 2.5 years. As root densities increase over time, an increase in turbulence-induced erosion and in shallow subsidence as organic peat layers form is expected in Micronesian Mangrove Forests.
Ruth Reef - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the vulnerability of indo pacific Mangrove Forests to sea level rise
Nature, 2015Co-Authors: Catherine E. Lovelock, Donald R. Cahoon, Ruth Reef, Ken W Krauss, Daniel A. Friess, Glenn R Guntenspergen, Kerrylee Rogers, Megan L Saunders, Frida SidikAbstract:Sea-level rise can threaten the long-term sustainability of coastal communities and valuable ecosystems such as coral reefs, salt marshes and Mangroves. Mangrove Forests have the capacity to keep pace with sea-level rise and to avoid inundation through vertical accretion of sediments, which allows them to maintain wetland soil elevations suitable for plant growth. The Indo-Pacific region holds most of the world's Mangrove Forests, but sediment delivery in this region is declining, owing to anthropogenic activities such as damming of rivers. This decline is of particular concern because the Indo-Pacific region is expected to have variable, but high, rates of future sea-level rise. Here we analyse recent trends in Mangrove surface elevation changes across the Indo-Pacific region using data from a network of surface elevation table instruments. We find that sediment availability can enable Mangrove Forests to maintain rates of soil-surface elevation gain that match or exceed that of sea-level rise, but for 69 per cent of our study sites the current rate of sea-level rise exceeded the soil surface elevation gain. We also present a model based on our field data, which suggests that Mangrove Forests at sites with low tidal range and low sediment supply could be submerged as early as 2070.
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Variable effects of nutrient enrichment on soil respiration in Mangrove Forests
Plant and Soil, 2014Co-Authors: Catherine E. Lovelock, Ruth Reef, Ilka C. Feller, Roger W. RuessAbstract:Background and Aims Mangrove Forests are globally important sites of carbon burial that are increasingly exposed to nutrient pollution. Here we assessed the response of soil respiration, an important component of forest carbon budgets, to nutrient enrichment over a wide range of Mangrove Forests.
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contemporary rates of carbon sequestration through vertical accretion of sediments in Mangrove Forests and saltmarshes of south east queensland australia
Estuaries and Coasts, 2014Co-Authors: Catherine E. Lovelock, Vicki Bennion, Matthew Hayes, Julian Omara, Ruth Reef, Maria Fernanda Adame, Nadia S. SantiniAbstract:Mangrove Forests and saltmarshes are important habitats for carbon (C) sequestration in the coastal zone but variation in rates of C sequestration and the factors controlling sequestration are poorly understood. We assessed C sequestration in Moreton Bay, South East Queensland in Mangrove Forests and tidal marshes that span a range of environmental settings and plant communities, including Mangrove Forests and tidal marshes on the oligotrophic sand islands of the eastern side of Moreton Bay and on the nutrient enriched, western side of the bay adjacent to the city of Brisbane. We found that rates of C sequestration in sediments were similar among Mangrove Forests over the bay, despite large differences in the C density of sediments, because of different rates of vertical accretion of sediments. The C sequestration on the oligotrophic sand island tidal marshes, dominated by Juncus kraussii, had the highest rate of C sequestration in the bay while the western saltmarshes, which were dominated by Sarcocornia quinqueflora, had the lowest rate of C sequestration. Our data indicate C sequestration varies among different tidal wetland plant community types, due to variation in sediment characteristics and rates of sediment accretion over time.