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Yukihiko Funaki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reconciling Marginalism with egalitarianism consistency monotonicity and implementation of egalitarian shapley values
Social Choice and Welfare, 2013Co-Authors: Rene Van Den Brink, Yukihiko FunakiAbstract:One of the main issues in economic allocation problems is the trade-off between Marginalism and egalitarianism. In the context of cooperative games this trade-off can be framed as one of choosing to allocate according to the Shapley value or the equal division solution. In this paper we provide three different characterizations of egalitarian Shapley values being convex combinations of the Shapley value and the equal division solution. First, from the perspective of a variable player set, we show that all these solutions satisfy the same reduced game consistency. Second, on a fixed player set, we characterize this class of solutions using monotonicity properties. Finally, towards a strategic foundation, we provide a non-cooperative implementation for these solutions which only differ in the probability of breakdown at a certain stage of the game. These characterizations discover fundamental differences as well as intriguing connections between Marginalism and egalitarianism. Copyright The Author(s) 2013
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reconciling Marginalism with egalitarianism consistency monotonicity and implementation of egalitarian shapley values
Social Choice and Welfare, 2013Co-Authors: Rene Van Den Brink, Yukihiko FunakiAbstract:One of the main issues in economic allocation problems is the trade-off between Marginalism and egalitarianism. In the context of cooperative games this trade-off can be framed as one of choosing to allocate according to the Shapley value or the equal division solution. In this paper we provide three different characterizations of egalitarian Shapley values being convex combinations of the Shapley value and the equal division solution. First, from the perspective of a variable player set, we show that all these solutions satisfy the same reduced game consistency. Second, on a fixed player set, we characterize this class of solutions using monotonicity properties. Finally, towards a strategic foundation, we provide a non-cooperative implementation for these solutions which only differ in the probability of breakdown at a certain stage of the game. These characterizations discover fundamental differences as well as intriguing connections between Marginalism and egalitarianism.
Rene Van Den Brink - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reconciling Marginalism with egalitarianism consistency monotonicity and implementation of egalitarian shapley values
Social Choice and Welfare, 2013Co-Authors: Rene Van Den Brink, Yukihiko FunakiAbstract:One of the main issues in economic allocation problems is the trade-off between Marginalism and egalitarianism. In the context of cooperative games this trade-off can be framed as one of choosing to allocate according to the Shapley value or the equal division solution. In this paper we provide three different characterizations of egalitarian Shapley values being convex combinations of the Shapley value and the equal division solution. First, from the perspective of a variable player set, we show that all these solutions satisfy the same reduced game consistency. Second, on a fixed player set, we characterize this class of solutions using monotonicity properties. Finally, towards a strategic foundation, we provide a non-cooperative implementation for these solutions which only differ in the probability of breakdown at a certain stage of the game. These characterizations discover fundamental differences as well as intriguing connections between Marginalism and egalitarianism. Copyright The Author(s) 2013
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reconciling Marginalism with egalitarianism consistency monotonicity and implementation of egalitarian shapley values
Social Choice and Welfare, 2013Co-Authors: Rene Van Den Brink, Yukihiko FunakiAbstract:One of the main issues in economic allocation problems is the trade-off between Marginalism and egalitarianism. In the context of cooperative games this trade-off can be framed as one of choosing to allocate according to the Shapley value or the equal division solution. In this paper we provide three different characterizations of egalitarian Shapley values being convex combinations of the Shapley value and the equal division solution. First, from the perspective of a variable player set, we show that all these solutions satisfy the same reduced game consistency. Second, on a fixed player set, we characterize this class of solutions using monotonicity properties. Finally, towards a strategic foundation, we provide a non-cooperative implementation for these solutions which only differ in the probability of breakdown at a certain stage of the game. These characterizations discover fundamental differences as well as intriguing connections between Marginalism and egalitarianism.
Barbosa, Jos? Renato Chagas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Padr?o de castas e ocorr?ncia de um fungo actoparasita em rhinothermitida (insecta: Iisoptera)
Universidade Federal da Para?ba, 2015Co-Authors: Barbosa, Jos? Renato ChagasAbstract:A fam?lia Rhinotermitidae possui um padr?o de castas diverso, com esp?cies apresentando padr?o semelhante ao encontrado nas fam?lias Kalotermitidae e Termitidae. Essa grande varia??o pode ocorrer por esse grupo ser polifil?tico. As esp?cies Heterotermes longiceps e Rhinotermes marginalis se encontram em subfam?lias diferentes dentro de Rhinotermitidae. Portanto, ser? que os padr?es dessas esp?cies corroboram o encontrado at? aqui para as suas subfam?lias? Para entender isso, os padr?es de diferencia??o de castas das esp?cies H. longiceps e R. marginalis foram investigados. Seis col?nias de H. longiceps e quatro de R. marginalis foram coletadas, fixadas em FAA por 24 h e depois transferidas para ?lcool 80%. Os cupins foram separados por castas e ?nstares e mensurados. As 11 vari?veis morfom?tricas foram submetidas a uma an?lise dos componentes principais (PCA) para inspecionar os dados na tentativa de agrupar os ?nstares em nuvens de indiv?duos. A diferencia??o do sexo das castas ?pteras foi feita atrav?s do uso do corante carmin em esp?cimes dissecados. A PCA realizada para H. longiceps agrupou dois ?nstares de larvas, dois ?nstares de oper?rios, pr?-soldado, soldado menor, soldado maior, quatro ?nstares de ninfas e alado. A an?lise do sexo dos indiv?duos de H. longiceps mostrou dimorfismo sexual apenas nos soldados. J? o PCA realizado para R. marginalis agrupou cinco ?nstares de larvas, dois ?nstares de pr?-soldado, dois ?nstares de soldados, dois ?nstares de oper?rios, 4 ergat?ide e tr?s ?nstares de ninfas. Todos os indiv?duos ?pteros eram f?meas. As duas esp?cies analisadas apresentaram apenas oper?rios verdadeiros. O padr?o de castas de H. lonciceps ? semelhante ao j? descrito para Heterotermitinae e Coptotermitinae. J? a esp?cie R. marginalis apresentou um padr?o j? conhecido para Rhinotermitinae, que ? um grupo monofol?tico. N?o foram encontradas g?nadas desenvolvidas nos indiv?duos com morfologia de ergat?ides.Rhinotermitidae exhibits a diverse pattern of castes. Such variation may occur due to the polyphyletic aspect of this group. Heterotermes longiceps and Rhinotermes marginalis belong to different subfamilies within Rhinotermitidae. Considering the presented so far in literature, could be the castes patterns of these species similar to observed in their subfamilies? To adress this question, caste differentiation patterns of H. longiceps and R. marginalis were investigated by morphometric data. Specimens from six colonies of H. longiceps and four R. marginalis were collected, fixed in FAA for 24 h and then transferred to 80% alcohol. Termites were separated by caste and instars and measured. Eleven morphometric variables were inspected by means of a principal components analysis (PCA). Sex differentiation of the apterous caste was carried using carmine dye in dissected specimens. PCA inspection of H. longiceps grouped two larvae instars, two worker instars, pre-soldier, minor soldier, major soldier, four instars of nymphs and alate. Sexual dimorphism in H. longiceps was achieved only by soldiers. PCA inspection for R. marginalis data grouped five larvae instar, two pre-soldier instars, two soldier instars, two worker instars, ergatoid and three instar of nymphs. All apterous were females. Only true workers were observed in each species analysed. H. longiceps caste pattern is similar to already described for Heterotermitinae and Coptotermitinae. R. marginalis showed a pattern already known to Rhinotermitinae, which is a monophyletic group. Developed gonads were not observed in specimens described as morphological ergatoids
Barbosa, José Renato Chagas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Padrão de castas e ocorrência de um fungo actoparasita em rhinothermitida (insecta: Iisoptera)
'Portal de Periodicos UFPB', 2015Co-Authors: Barbosa, José Renato ChagasAbstract:Rhinotermitidae exhibits a diverse pattern of castes. Such variation may occur due to the polyphyletic aspect of this group. Heterotermes longiceps and Rhinotermes marginalis belong to different subfamilies within Rhinotermitidae. Considering the presented so far in literature, could be the castes patterns of these species similar to observed in their subfamilies? To adress this question, caste differentiation patterns of H. longiceps and R. marginalis were investigated by morphometric data. Specimens from six colonies of H. longiceps and four R. marginalis were collected, fixed in FAA for 24 h and then transferred to 80% alcohol. Termites were separated by caste and instars and measured. Eleven morphometric variables were inspected by means of a principal components analysis (PCA). Sex differentiation of the apterous caste was carried using carmine dye in dissected specimens. PCA inspection of H. longiceps grouped two larvae instars, two worker instars, pre-soldier, minor soldier, major soldier, four instars of nymphs and alate. Sexual dimorphism in H. longiceps was achieved only by soldiers. PCA inspection for R. marginalis data grouped five larvae instar, two pre-soldier instars, two soldier instars, two worker instars, ergatoid and three instar of nymphs. All apterous were females. Only true workers were observed in each species analysed. H. longiceps caste pattern is similar to already described for Heterotermitinae and Coptotermitinae. R. marginalis showed a pattern already known to Rhinotermitinae, which is a monophyletic group. Developed gonads were not observed in specimens described as morphological ergatoids.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESA família Rhinotermitidae possui um padrão de castas diverso, com espécies apresentando padrão semelhante ao encontrado nas famílias Kalotermitidae e Termitidae. Essa grande variação pode ocorrer por esse grupo ser polifilético. As espécies Heterotermes longiceps e Rhinotermes marginalis se encontram em subfamílias diferentes dentro de Rhinotermitidae. Portanto, será que os padrões dessas espécies corroboram o encontrado até aqui para as suas subfamílias? Para entender isso, os padrões de diferenciação de castas das espécies H. longiceps e R. marginalis foram investigados. Seis colônias de H. longiceps e quatro de R. marginalis foram coletadas, fixadas em FAA por 24 h e depois transferidas para álcool 80%. Os cupins foram separados por castas e ínstares e mensurados. As 11 variáveis morfométricas foram submetidas a uma análise dos componentes principais (PCA) para inspecionar os dados na tentativa de agrupar os ínstares em nuvens de indivíduos. A diferenciação do sexo das castas ápteras foi feita através do uso do corante carmin em espécimes dissecados. A PCA realizada para H. longiceps agrupou dois ínstares de larvas, dois ínstares de operários, pré-soldado, soldado menor, soldado maior, quatro ínstares de ninfas e alado. A análise do sexo dos indivíduos de H. longiceps mostrou dimorfismo sexual apenas nos soldados. Já o PCA realizado para R. marginalis agrupou cinco ínstares de larvas, dois ínstares de pré-soldado, dois ínstares de soldados, dois ínstares de operários, 4 ergatóide e três ínstares de ninfas. Todos os indivíduos ápteros eram fêmeas. As duas espécies analisadas apresentaram apenas operários verdadeiros. O padrão de castas de H. lonciceps é semelhante ao já descrito para Heterotermitinae e Coptotermitinae. Já a espécie R. marginalis apresentou um padrão já conhecido para Rhinotermitinae, que é um grupo monofolético. Não foram encontradas gônadas desenvolvidas nos indivíduos com morfologia de ergatóides
Guy Numa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Marginalism by bert mosselmans newcastle upon tyne agenda publishing 2018 192 pp 50 00 hardback 15 00 paperback isbn 9781911116660 hardback 9781911116677 paperback
European Journal of The History of Economic Thought, 2021Co-Authors: Guy NumaAbstract:This title is a short but concise book covering the emergence and development of Marginalism, defined in very general terms as “a branch of economic theory that investigates what goes on at the mar...