The Experts below are selected from a list of 14427 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Kent Carpenter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The conservation status of Marine Biodiversity of the Pacific Islands of Oceania - The conservation status of Marine Biodiversity of the Pacific Islands of Oceania
2017Co-Authors: H. Pippard, Kent Carpenter, Gina M. Ralph, Michael S. Harvey, Jack R. Buchanan, David Greenfield, Heather Harwell, Helen K. Larson, Andrew David Lawrence, Christi LinardichAbstract:The Pacific Islands of Oceania are small islands and atolls occurring over a vast expanse of ocean that are characterized by immense Biodiversity and endemism. This project represents a major expansion of the coverage of the Pacific Islands’ Marine Biodiversity on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The threats to Pacific Island Marine Biodiversity are many. Results from IUCN Red List initiatives such as this can guide decision-making and conservation prioritization of Pacific Island governments, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the private sector. By shaping regional and national policies with these data in mind, priority sites for maintaining Marine Biodiversity can be identified and conserved.
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global priorities for Marine Biodiversity conservation
PLOS ONE, 2014Co-Authors: Elizabeth R Selig, Will R Turner, Sebastian Troeng, Bryan P Wallace, Benjamin S Halpern, Kristin Kaschner, Ben Lascelles, Kent CarpenterAbstract:In recent decades, many Marine populations have experienced major declines in abundance, but we still know little about where management interventions may help protect the highest levels of Marine Biodiversity. We used modeled spatial distribution data for nearly 12,500 species to quantify global patterns of species richness and two measures of endemism. By combining these data with spatial information on cumulative human impacts, we identified priority areas where Marine Biodiversity is most and least impacted by human activities, both within Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) and Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ). Our analyses highlighted places that are both accepted priorities for Marine conservation like the Coral Triangle, as well as less well-known locations in the southwest Indian Ocean, western Pacific Ocean, Arctic and Antarctic Oceans, and within semi-enclosed seas like the Mediterranean and Baltic Seas. Within highly impacted priority areas, climate and fishing were the biggest stressors. Although new priorities may arise as we continue to improve Marine species range datasets, results from this work are an essential first step in guiding limited resources to regions where investment could best sustain Marine Biodiversity.
Gray A Williams - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hong kong s rich Marine Biodiversity the unseen wealth of south china s megalopolis
Biodiversity and Conservation, 2017Co-Authors: Terence P T Ng, Martin C F Cheng, Kevin K Y Ho, Kenneth M Y Leung, Gray A WilliamsAbstract:Hong Kong is famous as a bustling harbour and financial centre, with a dense burgeoning population impacting its coastal environment. Yet, away from the skyscrapers and the pressures of anthropogenic influence, Hong Kong supports a rich Marine Biodiversity, including corals and mangrove communities. Despite having a small Marine area (1651 km2), a total of 5943 Marine species have been recorded in Hong Kong waters. Most of these species were reported during the 1980s and 1990s, but new species continue to be discovered, and ~6500 species are estimated. Even though Hong Kong’s Marine area is only ~0.03 % of that of China, the number of Marine species recorded in Hong Kong already accounts for ~26 % of the total recorded in China. Hong Kong also contributes to a considerable amount (>30 %) of the species records for several taxa including amphipods, cephalopods, polychaetes and fish in the South China Sea, and ~29 % of the hermit crab species in the largest global Marine species database, the World Register of Marine Species. These findings demonstrate the rich Marine biota found in Hong Kong, which probably reflects Hong Kong’s location within the fringes of the world’s Marine Biodiversity hotspot.
Kenneth M Y Leung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hong kong s rich Marine Biodiversity the unseen wealth of south china s megalopolis
Biodiversity and Conservation, 2017Co-Authors: Terence P T Ng, Martin C F Cheng, Kevin K Y Ho, Kenneth M Y Leung, Gray A WilliamsAbstract:Hong Kong is famous as a bustling harbour and financial centre, with a dense burgeoning population impacting its coastal environment. Yet, away from the skyscrapers and the pressures of anthropogenic influence, Hong Kong supports a rich Marine Biodiversity, including corals and mangrove communities. Despite having a small Marine area (1651 km2), a total of 5943 Marine species have been recorded in Hong Kong waters. Most of these species were reported during the 1980s and 1990s, but new species continue to be discovered, and ~6500 species are estimated. Even though Hong Kong’s Marine area is only ~0.03 % of that of China, the number of Marine species recorded in Hong Kong already accounts for ~26 % of the total recorded in China. Hong Kong also contributes to a considerable amount (>30 %) of the species records for several taxa including amphipods, cephalopods, polychaetes and fish in the South China Sea, and ~29 % of the hermit crab species in the largest global Marine species database, the World Register of Marine Species. These findings demonstrate the rich Marine biota found in Hong Kong, which probably reflects Hong Kong’s location within the fringes of the world’s Marine Biodiversity hotspot.
William W L Cheung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the mediterranean sea under siege spatial overlap between Marine Biodiversity cumulative threats and Marine reserves
Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2012Co-Authors: Marta Coll, Chiara Piroddi, Camille Albouy, Frida Ben Rais Lasram, William W L Cheung, Villy Christensen, Vasiliki KarpouziAbstract:Aim A large body of knowledge exists on individual anthropogenic threats that have an impact on Marine Biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea, although we know little about how these threats accumulate and interact to affect Marine species and ecosystems. In this context, we aimed to identify the main areas where the interaction between Marine Biodiversity and threats is more pronounced and to assess their spatial overlap with current Marine protected areas in the Mediterranean. Location Mediterranean Sea. Methods We first identified areas of high Biodiversity of Marine mammals, Marine turtles, seabirds, fishes and commercial or well-documented invertebrates. We mapped potential areas of high threat where multiple threats are occurring simultaneously. Finally we quantified the areas of conservation concern for Biodiversity by looking at the spatial overlap between high Biodiversity and high cumulative threats, and we assessed the overlap with protected areas. Results Our results show that areas with high Marine Biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea are mainly located along the central and north shores, with lower values in the south-eastern regions. Areas of potential high cumulative threats are widespread in both the western and eastern basins, with fewer areas located in the south-eastern region. The interaction between areas of high Biodiversity and threats for invertebrates, fishes and large animals in general (including large fishes, Marine mammals, Marine turtles and seabirds) is concentrated in the coastal areas of Spain, Gulf of Lions, north-eastern Ligurian Sea, Adriatic Sea, Aegean Sea, south-eastern Turkey and regions surrounding the Nile Delta and north-west African coasts. Areas of concern are larger for Marine mammal and seabird species. Main conclusions These areas may represent good candidates for further research, management and protection activities, since there is only a maximum 2% overlap between existing Marine protected areas (which cover 5% of the Mediterranean Sea) and our predicted areas of conservation concern for Biodiversity.
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projecting global Marine Biodiversity impacts under climate change scenarios
Fish and Fisheries, 2009Co-Authors: William W L Cheung, Jorge L Sarmiento, Kelly Kearney, Reg Watson, Daniel PaulyAbstract:Climate change can impact the pattern of Marine Biodiversity through changes in species’ distributions. However, global studies on climate change impacts on ocean Biodiversity have not been performed so far. Our paper aims to investigate the global patterns of such impacts by projecting the distributional ranges of a sample of 1066 exploited Marine fish and invertebrates for 2050 using a newly developed dynamic bioclimate envelope model. Our projections show that climate change may lead to numerous local extinction in the sub-polar regions, the tropics and semi-enclosed seas. Simultaneously, species invasion is projected to be most intense in the Arctic and the Southern Ocean. Together, they result in dramatic species turnovers of over 60% of the present Biodiversity, implying ecological disturbances that potentially disrupt ecosystem services. Our projections can be viewed as a set of hypothesis for future analytical and empirical studies.
Marta Coll - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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synthesis of knowledge on Marine Biodiversity in european seas from census to sustainable management
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Bhavani Narayanaswamy, Marta Coll, Roberto Danovaro, Keith Davidson, Henn Ojaveer, Paul E RenaudAbstract:The recently completed European Census of Marine Life, conducted within the framework of the global Census of Marine Life programme (2000–2010), markedly enhanced our understanding of Marine Biodiversity in European Seas, its importance within ecological systems, and the implications for human use. Here we undertake a synthesis of present knowledge of Biodiversity in European Seas and identify remaining challenges that prevent sustainable management of Marine Biodiversity in one of the most exploited continents of the globe. Our analysis demonstrates that changes in faunal standing stock with depth depends on the size of the fauna, with macrofaunal abundance only declining with increasing water depth below 1000 m, whilst there was no obvious decrease in meiofauna with increasing depth. Species richness was highly variable for both deep water macro- and meio- fauna along latitudinal and longitudinal gradients. Nematode Biodiversity decreased from the Atlantic into the Mediterranean whilst latitudinal related Biodiversity patterns were similar for both faunal groups investigated, suggesting that the same environmental drivers were influencing the fauna. While climate change and habitat degradation are the most frequently implicated stressors affecting Biodiversity throughout European Seas, quantitative understanding, both at individual and cumulative/synergistic level, of their influences are often lacking. Full identification and quantification of species, in even a single Marine habitat, remains a distant goal, as we lack integrated data-sets to quantify these. While the importance of safeguarding Marine Biodiversity is recognised by policy makers, the lack of advanced understanding of species diversity and of a full survey of any single habitat raises huge challenges in quantifying change, and facilitating/prioritising habitat/ecosystem protection. Our study highlights a pressing requirement for more complete Biodiversity surveys to be undertaken within contrasting habitats, together with investigations in Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning links and identification of separate and synergistic/cumulative human-induced impacts on Biodiversity.
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the mediterranean sea under siege spatial overlap between Marine Biodiversity cumulative threats and Marine reserves
Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2012Co-Authors: Marta Coll, Chiara Piroddi, Camille Albouy, Frida Ben Rais Lasram, William W L Cheung, Villy Christensen, Vasiliki KarpouziAbstract:Aim A large body of knowledge exists on individual anthropogenic threats that have an impact on Marine Biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea, although we know little about how these threats accumulate and interact to affect Marine species and ecosystems. In this context, we aimed to identify the main areas where the interaction between Marine Biodiversity and threats is more pronounced and to assess their spatial overlap with current Marine protected areas in the Mediterranean. Location Mediterranean Sea. Methods We first identified areas of high Biodiversity of Marine mammals, Marine turtles, seabirds, fishes and commercial or well-documented invertebrates. We mapped potential areas of high threat where multiple threats are occurring simultaneously. Finally we quantified the areas of conservation concern for Biodiversity by looking at the spatial overlap between high Biodiversity and high cumulative threats, and we assessed the overlap with protected areas. Results Our results show that areas with high Marine Biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea are mainly located along the central and north shores, with lower values in the south-eastern regions. Areas of potential high cumulative threats are widespread in both the western and eastern basins, with fewer areas located in the south-eastern region. The interaction between areas of high Biodiversity and threats for invertebrates, fishes and large animals in general (including large fishes, Marine mammals, Marine turtles and seabirds) is concentrated in the coastal areas of Spain, Gulf of Lions, north-eastern Ligurian Sea, Adriatic Sea, Aegean Sea, south-eastern Turkey and regions surrounding the Nile Delta and north-west African coasts. Areas of concern are larger for Marine mammal and seabird species. Main conclusions These areas may represent good candidates for further research, management and protection activities, since there is only a maximum 2% overlap between existing Marine protected areas (which cover 5% of the Mediterranean Sea) and our predicted areas of conservation concern for Biodiversity.